Objective To understand the characteristics of hearing aid fitting for elderly patients through 123 cases study.Methods 123 cases of the elderly people suffered from presbycusis were divided into 4 groups at an interval of every 10 years in age.The pure tone thresholds of 125 to 8000 Hz was examined,and digital hearing aids of Siemens were selected based on their hearing conditions,the final results were recorded and reasons of rejection to wearing hearing aid were studied.Results The average hearing condition for each group was found no difference.Patients over 70 were willing to go to see a doctor,but those under 70 were likely to accept hearing aids.The elderly over 70 rejected to wearing hearing aid due to discomfort and financial reasons while the other reasons involved social influence.Conclusion In order to improve the living quality,more attention should be paid to educate the elderly on the effective use of hearing aids.

Tumor antigenic peptide vaccines,which have been adapted with altered peptide ligand (APL) and adjuvant to improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte response,include vaccines of different originations. These vaccines are orginated from malignant melanoma differentiation, HER2, NY- ESO-1, carcinoembryonic antigen and etc. Recently,great advances have been made in the related alteration methods,peptide designing principles and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response improvement mechanisms of these peptide vaccines. Furthermore,the vac- cines are showing satisfying pedormances in clinical treatments.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prospect of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury by reviewing related study progress and clinical experiments. METHODS: Publications addressing artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury inthe VIP database between January 1993 and October 2009 were selected by computer. The research words including "knee cruciate ligaments, artificial ligaments, and reconstruction" . Inclusion criteria: ①Literatures relate to the application of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury. ②Papers addressing reconstructing anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments by using LARS artificial ligaments. Exclusion criteria: obsolete theoretical views and repetitive studies. The data were checked in the first trial, and the quotations were reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 105 literatures were initial searched by computer, 40 unrelated and 44 repetitive studies were excluded after screening. Therefore, 21 literatures were included in this paper. The cruciate ligament rupture is a severe knee joint injury, which can lead to knee joint instability, damage intra-articular structures, and seriously affect the joint function. LARS artificial ligament is preferred candidate for young patients, especially for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament. LARS artificial ligament is considered to be a safe transplant material because that few reports concerning its complication, particularly, no synovitis was reported following LARS artificial ligaments implantation. CONCLUSION: LARS artificial ligament provides a selection for anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments reconstruction. However, it is can not substitute cruciate ligament completely due to its limitation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of chitosan, absorbable membrane, and hyaluric acid in preventing adhesion following tendon injury. METHODS: The Chinese Journal Full-text Database, as well as Pubmed database, were retrieved with key words of tendon adhesion, high polymer biological barrier, several Ding keeps out, absorbability antiseize continually membrane, and hyaluric acid. The quality, as well as inflammatory reaction surrounding tensions were served as evaluate indexes, accordingly, the English and Chinese papers regarding mechanisms of chitosan, absorbable membrane, and hyaluric acid in preventing tendon adhesion were included. Studies concerning other biomaterials were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 223 papers were obtained by initial search with computer. According to inclusion criteria, the related papers were analyzed. Adhesion formation associated with tendon surgery is a widespread problem. Tendon healing was classically considered to occur through extrinsic and intrinsic healing, in which the extrinsic healing was closely associated with the formation of adhesion or scar, so if we can accelerate proliferation of granulation tissue, inhibit the extrinsic healing of the tendon, the purpose of preventing tendon adhesion formation could be achieved. As a result, macromolecular compound and drug biology barrier were widely used. CONCLUSION: High polymer biological barrier can relieve tendon adhesion by its barrier function and pharmacologic action to regulate healing mechanisms.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Shuguanling mixture on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood lipids of patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Methods 110 patients with UAP were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 50 patients in the control group and 60 in the treatment group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment (aspirin, β-receptor block agent, and nitrate), while the treatment group was treated with Shuguanling mixture on the basis of conventional treatment. Both groups received thetreatment for 30 days. Results The total effective rate of pectoris treatment was 78.3% and 66% respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the effective rate showed in ECG was 63.3% and 46% respectively in both groups. The treatment group demonstrated a significant superiority to the control group. The values of TC, TG, LDL-C and hs-CRP in both groups were decreased but HDL-C increased in the treatment group after the treatment. Except for TC, the difference of values was significance between the two groups. Conclusion In the treatment of UAP,Shuguanling mixture is effective in ameliorating symptoms and ECG results, lowering hs-CRP and blood lipids and so thus reducing the rate of adverse reaction dramatically.

Based on analyzing the gross amount and components of the municipal garbage developed in past years, a strategic influence evaluation was carried out, focused on the effect of public policy on the control of the single used plastic lunch box which is usually called White Pollution. The evaluation showed that among the city garbage, the percentage of package wastes, especially those made of plastic material, demonstrated an obvious increasing trend in the past 10 years. All kinds of municipal plastic wastes mainly flow to the villages and suburbs where the plastic waste was processed in a small scale with a lower technique, and an underground waste trade came into being. From 2000, some developed cities started to develop a public policy on the recycling of the used plastic lunch box, connecting with the responsibilities of the producers, then this policy made a great increase in the recycling rate of the one-off plastic lunch box,but due to the antiquated admittance condition of environmental protection and the recycling network, the effect of the White Pollution control seemed efficient but limited.

Objective To analyze the influence of the dual chamber type laryngeal mask ventilation on hemodynamics in the treatment of elderly patients with general anesthesia operation.Methods 90 cases of operation under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 45 cases of tracheal intubation general anesthesia,laryngeal mask anesthesia group 45 cases,recording in two groups of patients before intubation immediately(T1),mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,intubation immediately after the (T2) 3 min (T3),after intubation,tracheal extubation after immediate extubation after (T4) and 3 min (T5) mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,epinephrine,norepinephrine level changes.The results of two groups of T,mean arterial pressure,heart rate (MAP,HR) there was no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).Two groups of T2,T3,T4,Ts mean arterial pressure,heart rate (MAP,HR),epinephrine,norepinephrine,laryngeal mask anesthesia group were significantly better than the intubation in general anesthesia group,with significant difference(all P ＜ 0.05).Results There was no significant difference in MAO,MR between the two groups at T1 (all P ＞ 0.05).The MAP,MR,epinephrine,norepinephrine of the laryngeal mask group were better than those of the intubation group at T2,T3,T4,T5 (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Double cavity type laryngeal mask has the advantages of simple operation,operation for elderly patients with cardiovascular stimulation,ventilation reliability.

Objective To evaluate the effect of problem-intervention-outcome health education guided by PDCA cycle in the followed-up training of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods 76 patients with SLE were divided into 2 groups by random digital table method with 38 cases each. The followed-up study of experimental group applied on regular followed-up management associated with the whole process health education based on PDCA cycle, and the control group only applied on regular followed-up mangement. Results After 3-month followed-up, the SLE patients of experimental group were better than the ones of control group in SLE knowledge [(77.21±7.82) points vs. (67.39±9.01) points], self-care behaviors [(144.82±11.53) points vs. (130.21±9.03) points] and quality of life [(78.21±5.59) points vs. (67.11±5.74) points] (t values were 5.073, 6.146, 8.541, P<0.01). After 6-month followed-up, the SLE patients of experimental group were better than the ones of control group in SLE knowledge [(92.21 ±6.59) points vs. (80.82±7.70) points], self-care behaviors [(160.87±7.25) points vs. (140.58±9.32) points] and quality of life [(84.95 ±4.15) points vs. (69.77 ±5.46) points] (t values were 6.933, 10.593, 13.655, P<0.01), the difference was significant. Conclusions The followed-up management based on the problem-intervention-outcome health education guided by PDCA cycle is a patient-centered and interactive model, which can effectively improve the level of SLE knowledge, and the patient′s self-care behaviors and quality of life.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlation of depressive disorders among female nurses of 3A-level general hospitals in Tianjin.Methods Seven-hundred and ninety-three female nurses were randomly selected from five 3A-level general hospitals in Tianjin,and interviewed with a Chinese version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (depression chapter,including major depressive disorder and dysthymia diagnosis).Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire was also completed by all subjects before interview.Results The prevalence rate(95％CI) of depressive disorders was 8.58％ (6.63％,10.52％),in which,the rate for dysthymia was 7.94％.Risk factors (OR) for depressive disorders of nurses were shift work (4.40),professional titles of nurses (2.03),effort subscale score ＞18 points (6.03)and reward subscale score ≤34 points(5.26).Conclusions Female nurses from 3A-level general hospitals have high risk of depressive disorders-dominantly presented with dysthymia subtype.Adverse occupational factors and job stress might increase the risk for depressive disorders.

Both transient tachypnea of newborn (TTPN) and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) are the com mon reasons of neonatal respiratory dyspnea,but their treatments and prognosis are much different.It is difficult to differentiate them by clinical features and chest X-ray while the lung ultrasound can see it easily.In lung ultrasonography images,the TTPN mainly manifested with pulmonary edema,while the RDS mainly manifested with lung consolidation with air bronchograms.Thus,it is important to perform lung ultrasound routinely at the bed side.