Objective To explore the development requirements and tentative ideas on the standardized teaching wards in the internship course of undergraduate nursing students. Methods 134 nursing undergraduate students before the internship and 70 nursing teachers were recruited in this study. A self-made questionnaire was distributed to these students and teachers to explore their requirements and needs in the development of the standardized teaching wards. Results The majority of students and nursing teachers thought that it was necessary to design and develop the standardized teaching wards for the nursing students and the six items of this study were accepted by them. Conclusion The standardized teaching wards will be designed and developed according to the six items of this study.

Objective To compare the results of three methods for measuring C reaction protein.Methods 100 patients were collected from our hospital,and three different methods for measuring C reaction protein were used to analyze the level of C reaction protein.Results Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between immunoturbidimetric assay and immunochromatography was higher.The differences of three methods assayed the C reaction protein were significant (P <0.05 )among normal people by the variance analysis,but had not statistical significance among abnormal people (P >0.05).The differences among all of test peo-ple were significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Detection of C reaction protein was important for diagnose inflammatory diseases.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This paper reported that a new type of floating osmotic pump of ambroxol hydrochloride was designed. Third method apparatus (Chinese Pharmacopeia 2010, appendix XD) was employed to simultaneously evaluate the release and floating behavior in vitro. The system was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology. Similar factor (f2) between the release profile of self-made formulation and the target release profile was chosen as dependent factor. The amount of glucose (A, mg), pore former (B, %) and weight of coating (C, %) were employed as independent factors. Optimized formulation was: A (100.99 mg), B (1.70%), C (4.21%). The value of f2 (89.14) was higher than that of market capsules (69.02) and self-made tablets (72.15). It was showed that self-made capsules possessed character of zero-order release (r = 0.994 4) and drug release completely (>90%). It was showed in result of in vivo study that tmax and Cmax of self-made capsules were significantly lower than that of market capsules and self-made tablets. The correlation coefficient between the fraction of absorption in vivo and the release rate in vitro was 0.985 1, and relative bioequivalence of self-made capsules was 110.77%. Accordingly, self-made capsules displayed obviously characteristics of controlled release both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To study the stilbene constituents from the traditional Chinese medicine Smilax china and to determine their antioxidant activity. Methods The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel, RP C18, and Sephadex LH- 20, and were identified by IR, MS, NMR. DPPH method was used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of the isolated compounds. Results Three compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the rhizomes of S. china and were identified as: resveratrol (1), oxyresveratrol (2) and 3, 5, 3′ , 4′ - tetrahydroxylstilbene (3). Compounds 1～ 3 showed strong antioxidant activity, and could scavenge DPPH free radicals, effectively. At the concentration of 50 ? mol/L, their DPPH free radical scavenging rates were 79.47 % , 89.89 % and 93.86 % , respectively. Conclusion Stilbenes might be the material foundation of antioxidant activities of rhizomes of S. china.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of indomethacin-loading solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN). METHODS:Us-ing indomethacin as model drug,glyceryl behenate as oil phase,poloxamer 188 and polyethylene glycol-12-hydroxystearic acid as emulsifier,with turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount as index,Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the amount of oil phase,emulsifier-oil phase ratio,drug-oil phase ratio. The physicochemical properties of SLNs were characterized by SEM and DSC. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as oil phase of 0.91%,emulsifier-oil ratio of 1∶1,drug-oil phase ratio of 1∶5. The turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount of prepared nanoparticle were 1 025-1 030 NTU,98.94%-99.08%,2.43%-2.46%,respectively;particle size and polydispersity index(PDI)were 181.5-182.3 nm and 0.340-0.341(n=3). The results of DSC showed that indomethacin was not present in crystalline state dispersed into SLNs. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal formulation is screened successfully,and indomethacin-loaded SLNs have been prepared.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protection effect of tanshinone IIA (Tan) against triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury and the mechanisms involved. Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TP (1 mg x kg(-1)) in mice. The activities of AST, ALT and LDH in serum and the levels of GSH, GST, GSH-PX, SOD, CAT and MDA in liver tissue were detected. The histopathological changes of liver tissues were observed after HE staining. Nrf2 translocation in liver tissue was detected by Western blotting, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1 mRNA. The results showed that pretreatment with Tan significantly prevented the TP induced liver injury as indicated by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and LDH (P < 0.01). Tan pretreatment also prevented TP-induced oxidative stress in the mice liver by inhibiting MDA and restoring the levels of GSH, GST, SOD and CAT (P < 0.05). Parallel to these changes, pretreatment with Tan could attenuate histopathologic changes induced by TP. Furthermore, the results indicated that Tan pretreatment caused nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 as well as induction of mRNA expression of antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven genes such as GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1. These results indicated that Tan could protect against TP-induced acute liver injury via the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Objective To explore the integrity of white matter changes in patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI)based Leukoaraiosis.Methods The patients which appeared white matter hyperintensities in subcortical were performed psychological testing,then 48 VaMCI patients and 18 without cognitive impairment volunteers(NC)were choosed and performed DTI scanning,to determine the white matter’s values of FA and ADC in the following bilaterally symmetrical regions of interest(ROI):entorhinal cortex lobe,hippocampal vault,anterior of corpus callosum,posterior of corpus callosum,inferior frontal lobe,superior temporal lobe and angular gyrus of occipital lobe. Then the differences of the data of DTI between two groups and the relevance between neuropsychological score and DTI’s data were analysed.Results ADC values were significantly higher of VaMCI group in the left inferior frontal lobe,left anterior of corpus callo-sum,left hippocampus vault and right angular gyrus compared with NC group(P <0.05),and in the left hippocampus ADC values and MoCA scores was negatively correlated(r=-0.34,P =0.02).There was no significant difference of FA values between groups. Conclusion The ADC values in many cognitive related areas was reduced in VaMCI patients.

Objective Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is shown to be an important virulence factor resulting in acid production of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans), on which the cariogenic potential of S.mutans depends.Differences in cariogenic abilities of S.mutans isolates may be determined by genetic heterogeneity from virulent factors.The relationship between enclosed Uyghur children LDH activity or genetic diversity and cariogenicity of S.mutans(serotype c)isolates was studied in this research.MethodsChoose 6 original inhabitants of the countryside from the age of 3 to 5 years old closed Uighur children in kashika.These isolates came from 35 caries-active individuals and 37 caries-free enclosed Uyghur ones, in which 27 strains showed the high LDH activity and 24 strains showed the low LDH activity.Then genetic diversity of PCR products were analyzed or assessed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism(RFLP).Some of amplified LDH genes from different group were sequenced and assayed.ResultsIt is testified that two genotypes A and B of ldh-RFLP were revealed when LDH genes were digested with MseI,but MnlI,DdeI,NlaⅡI and AluI digesting fragments of ldh gene did not show different pattern.Furthermore,Fisher Exact one-Tail Test showed that the proportion of Genotype B strains from caries-active individuals was higher than that from caries-free ones(P<0.05),while the distribution genotypes A,B with different LDH activity was different between two groups(P<0.05),high proportion of the LDH active group genotype B strains than the low activity group.ConclusionThis study indicated that LDH gene of S.mutans strains from Enclosed Uyghur children different individuals is conservative, while there still is the gene mutation in.The ldh genetic diversity may be related to the high caries sensitivity, and closely correlated with the differences in LDH enzyme activity of S.mutansstrains.

Objective To explore the protective role of PR-39 on the ischemia reperfusion injury renal tissue of rats.Methods 60 male SD rats were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental KP group and negative control KE group.The rats orthotopic renal transplantation model were established.The recombinant adenoviral vectors containing promoter KSP and PR-39 gene (KP) or none (KE) were injected via renal artery.HE staining,immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining were performed on the rats' renal tissues at 2 days after IRI modeling,and the renal tubular interstitial injury score and peritublar capillary rarefaction was also evaluated.The renal function related factors of rats was monitored before and after IRI,and the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level was also compared between KP and KE groups.Results Blood urea and creatinine concentration was increased,part of glomerular and tubular injury in renal tissue were also visible in rats underwent renal IRI,which proved the rat orthotopic renal transplantation model were successfully estabilshed.PR-39 gene specifically expressed in renal interstitial tissue,but not in glomerular.The degree of kidney tublar injury and the number of apoptotic cells were lower in KP groups by comparing with negative control KE groups.Renal tubular injury was significantly decreased in group KP than in group KE.Peritubular capillary rarefaction index is smaller in KP than in KE group.The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level in KP group were significantly lower than those in KE group,and the renal function were also recovered more quickly.Conclusion The specific expressed PR-39 in renal interstitial and tubule,can inhibit the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and promote the angiogenesis of peritubular capillary,so as to exert its protective role on IRI renal tissue.