Laboratory animals and animal experiments are foundations and important support conditions for life sciences, especially for medical research. The animal experiments have drawn extensive attention from the society because of the ethical issue. This paper takes Wenzhou Medical University as an example to give a brief introduction to the ethical review about laboratory animals in the university so as to further draw attention and concerns from the public about the ethical issue of laboratory animals. We successively introduce its scientific projects, nurturing environment and ethical review of laboratory animals.
Animal Experimentation ; ethics ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Universities

0.05). Significant difference in diffused carbon monoxide percentage and change of heart rates before and after stair climbing test was found in LPF group (P0.05).Conclusions Patients of lung cancer intolerable for lobectomy by static pulmonary function test can be screened by stair climbing test before surgical operation,which can make some of them regain opportunity of surgical operation.

Recently, drug delivery materials have become the hotspot of medical study. Suitable delivery material plays an important role in constructing an excellent drug delivery system. Silk fibroin is a naturally occurring protein polymer with excellent biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties, biodegradability and outstanding processability. Due to its unique properties, silk fibroin has become a favorable carrier material for the incorporation and delivery of a range of therapeutic agents. Based on the structure and characteristics of silk fibroin, this article provides an overview of the recent research progress of silk fibroin used as drug delivery materials.
Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fibroins ; chemistry

Objective To construct the recombinant secretion type BCG-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus (rsBCG-Eg95). Methods BCG-Ag85B signal sequence with 117 bp and Eg95 gene with 471 bp were amplified from the genome of BCG and pGEX-4T-Eg95 by PCR,respectively. BCG-Ag85B signal coding gene and Eg95 gene were cloned into E. coli-BCG shuttle-vector pMV261 to get the recombinant plasmid pSMEg95,which was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion,PCR amplification and gene sequencing. These recombinant plasmids were introduced into BCG by electroporation for the construction of rsBCG-Eg95 vaccine. The rsBCG-Eg95 positive clones were screened by Kan+ and identified by PCR amplification. Results BCG-Ag85B signal sequence coding gene and Eg95 coding gene were successfully cloned into pMV261,which was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion,PCR amplification and sequencing of the plasmid pSMEg95. The plasmids were introduced into BCG and confirmed as the recombinant secreting BCG-Eg95 vaccine of E. granulosus (rsBCG-Eg95). Conclusion The recombinant secretion type BCG-Eg95 vaccine (rsBCG-Eg95) of E. granulosus with BCG-Ag85B signal sequence and Eg95 gene has been constructed.

Objective To explore the main factors affecting medical expenses of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and reduce such expenses by optimizing the clinical pathway of CRC according to the influencing factors.Methods Data of 467 discharged and medical insured CRC patients at Shanghai Cancer Center,Fudan University,were collected from 2009 to 2010.A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of medical expenses.The clinical pathway of CRC was optimized,and medical expenses before and after optimization were compared.Results Our data found days of stay and complications had impact on the medical expenses.Also,medical expenses were decreased accordingly with optimization of clinical pathway of CRC.Conclusion This study provides evidence for decision-making on single disease payment and medical insurance compensation on CRC.It is also meaningful to reduce the economic burden of patients with CRC.

This study aimed to determine the impact of dentinal tubule orientation on dentin bond strength to provide a reference for clinical cavity preparation in resin-bonded restoration.Patients aged 13-16 years were selected,including 18 males and 21 females.Forty-eight human maxillary first premolars from orthodontic extractions were chosen to prepare the test models with the dentinal tubule orientations perpendicular and parallel to the bonding substrate.The test models in the vertical and parallel groups were divided into three groups:total-etching with 20％ phosphoric acid,total-etching with 35％ phosphoric acid and self-etching,with the dentinal tubule surfaces bonded with composite resin blocks in each group.After the standard test models of dentinal tubule-composite resin blocks were placed in distilled water and stored at 37℃ for 24 h,shearing tests were performed using a universal material testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.The bond strength values in the vertical group were 19.33±1.59 MPa for the 20％ phosphoric acid group,21.39±2.34 MPa for the 35％ phosphoric acid group,and 16.88±1.54 MPa for the self-etching group.The bond strength values in the parallel group were 24.53±1.99MPa for the 20％ phosphoric acid group,25.16±2.88 MPa for the 35％ phosphoric acid group,and 20.83±1.99 for the self-etching group.After using same total-etching adhesive,the shear bond strength of the parallel group was higher than that of the vertical group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Regardless of vertical group or parallel group,the difference in the bond strength value between the total-etching groups and the self-etching group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).It was concluded that the dentin bonding substrate which was parallel to the direction of the dentin tubule achieved an improved bond strength;the total-etching adhesives achieved higher bond strengths in dentin bond than the self-etching adhesives.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the transmembrane signal pathway participating in regulating neuron functions of treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) by acupuncture.

METHODSSAMP8 mice was used for AD animal model. The effect of acupuncture method for qi benefiting, blood regulating, health supporting, and root strengthening on the amount and varieties of transmembrane signal proteins from hippocampal lipid rafts in SAMP8 mice was detected using HPLC MS/MS proteomics method.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, acupuncture increased 39 transmembrane signal proteins from hippocampal lipid rafts in SAMP8 mice, of them, 14 belonged to ionophorous protein, 8 to G protein, 8 to transmembrane signal receptor, and 9 to kinase protein. Totally 3 main cell signal pathways were involved, including G-protein-coupled receptors signal, enzyme linked receptor signal, and ion-channel mediated signal. Compared with the sham-acupuncture group, acupuncture resulted in significant increase of kinase signal protein amount. From the aspect of functions, they were dominant in regulating synapse functions relevant to cytoskeleton and secreting neurotransmitters.

CONCLUSIONThe cell biological mechanism for treating AD by acupuncture might be achieved by improving synapse functions and promoting the secretion of neurotransmitters through transmembrane signal transduction, thus improving cognitive function of AD patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Microdomains ; metabolism ; Mice ; Proteomics ; Signal Transduction ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To study term selecting principles and methods of subject terms in the class ofPharmaceutical Zoology and Botanyfor the new edition of TCM Materia Medica Subject Headings;To provide references for the revision.Methods Based on the compiling principles, word frequency of subject headings in TCM database were used as references. MeSH was referred to establish detail rules and regulations for revision of TB class.Results In TB class, 226 subject headings were planned to delete, such as Apocynum Linn, Piper betle Linn, cetacean anddolphins;42 subject headings were planned to add, such as Kalimerisindica, Actinidiaceae and Squamata.Conclusion This revision formulated individual revision principles, proposed solutions for common problems, and basically completed adding and deleting of TB class and frame adjustment.

In this study, OVA-induced asthma mice was taken as the model, and orally administered with different concentration of ethanol extracts of crude and processed Stemona tuberosa, in order to determine the cytokine level released from Th1 and Th2 in splenocytes. RT-PCR was carried out to determine the genetic expression of T-bet/GATA-3 in lung, and compare the differentiation between ethanol extracts of crude and processed S. tuberosa in therapeutic effect on asthma in mice. According to the results, compared with the crude samples, processed samples significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factor INF-gamma (P < 0.05) and decreased IL-5 (P < 0.05) in splenocytes. According to the RT-PCR results, the administration of processed samples could increase the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 (P < 0.05). The experiment showed that ethanol extracts of both crude and processed S. tuberosa could treat asthma by regulating Th1/Th2 ratio, but processed samples showed more notable effect. This indicated that crude and processed S. tuberosa had significant pharmacological difference. Therefore, it was more rational to apply processed S. tuberosa in clinical treatment of asthma and chronic cough, which layed a foundation for further revealing the processing mechanism of S. tuberosa.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Stemonaceae ; chemistry ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion

AIM To identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma that may be used as biomarkers for heroin addiction through a two-dimensional (2-D)gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry approach. METHODS Following removal of albumin and IgG,the plasma from 5 heroin abusers and 5 normal controls was separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis using immobi-lized pH gradients 4 -7 drystrip and PAGE. Gel ima-ges were analyzed using ImageMaster Elit 5.0. Differ-ential proteins were selected and analyzed through tan-dem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Average number for samples was 350±21 protein spots. In them there were 5 spots that differed by more than 1.5 fold be-tween the two groups obtained through image analysis.Through tandem mass spectrometry above spots were identified as fibrinogen γ (increased by 5 fold), hu-man α1-B-glycoprotein (decreased to 1/1.8 of control group), uncleaved α1-antitrypsin (increased by 2.5 fold), chain of transthyretin (decreased to 1/2 of con-trol group ) and ccruloplasmin (increased by 6.6 fold ). CONCLUSION There are differences between heroin abusers and normal controls in the blood plasma proteome. Some proteins may have a role in the damage to central nervous system through heroin abuse. Such proteins may provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targeting, as well as clues forunderstanding the mechanism of heroin abuse.