Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is a common chronic respiratory disease of children.The pathogenesis is complex,etiology and treatment methods are varied.Probiotics are immune modulators with extensive clinical application.This paper reviewed the changes of intestinal microflora in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and the mechanisms of probiotic treatment including intestinal flora regulation,intestinal mucosal barrier,stimulation of the growth of intestinal mucosa and immune regulation.

Adolescent ; Blood Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Femur Head ; blood supply ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Objective: To investigate the effect of combining acupuncture and auricular point sticking on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods: A total of 80 cases with PSD were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The control group was intervened by oral administration of paroxetine hydrochloride, whereas the treatment group received acupuncture plus auricular point sticking base on the same oral administration. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and HRV were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Results: The individual and global scores of HAMD significantly dropped after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (all P<0.05). In the treatment group, anxiety/somatization factor, sleep disturbance, hopelessness factor, cognition factor and global score were significantly different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). The 24 h standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R interval (SDNN), standard deviation of 5-minute average of normal R-R intervals (SDANN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), percent of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals >50 ms (PNN50) and high frequency (HF) were increased while low frequency (LF) and LF/HF decreased significantly after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P<0.05). All items in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Combining acupuncture and auricular point sticking can enhance the conventional medical treatment for HRV in patients with PSD.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Liuweidihuang Pills in relieving cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality, oxidative injury, and cell apoptosis in the rat testis.

METHODSThirty adult male SD rats were equally randomized into a normal, a radiated, and a Liuweidihuang group, the animals in the latter two groups exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz cellphone frequency 4 hours a day for 18 days. Meanwhile, the rats in the Liuweidihuang group were treated with the suspension of Liuweidihuang Pills at 1 ml/100 g body weight and the other rats intragastrically with the equal volume of purified water. Then all the rats were killed for observation of testicular histomorphology by routine HE staining, measurement of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels by colorimetry, and determination of the expressions of bax and bcl-2 proteins in the testis tissue by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with the normal controls, the radiated rats showed obviously loose structure, reduced layers of spermatocytes, and cavitation in the seminiferous tubules. Significant increases were observed in the MDA level (P < 0.01) and bax expression (P < 0.01) but decreases in the GSH level (P < 0.01) and bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01) in the testis issue of the radiated rats. In comparison with the radiated rats, those of the Liuweidihuang group exhibited nearly normal testicular structure, significantly lower MDA level (P < 0.05), bax expression (P < 0.01), and bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLiuweidihuang Pills can improve cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality of the testis tissue and reduce its oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cell Phone ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminiferous Tubules ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Spermatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Staining and Labeling ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects

Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus Tai Ji Quan (Tai Chi) in recovering the neurological function and treating depression state in post-stroke depression patients,together with a 12-month follow-up.Methods:A total of 105 eligible post-stroke depression patients were randomized into an acupuncture plus Tai Ji group (53 cases) and a control group (52 cases) based on their visiting sequence.The patients all received routine treatment and rehabilitation training for stroke.In addition,the control group was given oral administration of citalopram hydrobromide tablets,1 month as a course of treatment,for 3 courses in total.Meanwhile,the acupuncture plus Tai Ji group received acupuncture and practiced Tai Ji Quan,for 1 month and 12 months respectively.Before the intervention,after 1-month intervention and 12 months later,the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS),Barthel index (BI) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were adopted for efficacy evaluation.Results:Prior to the intervention,there were no significant differences in HAMD,NIHSS and BI scores between the two groups (all P＞0.05);after 1-month intervention,there were significant between-group differences in NIHSS,BI and HAMD scores (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the 12-month follow-up revealed significant between-group differences in NIHSS,BI and HAMD scores (all P＜0.01).In the treatment of stroke,the total effective rate was 84.4％ in the acupuncture plus Tai Ji group,significantly higher than 68.9％ in the control group (P＜0.05);in the treatment of depression,the total effective rate was 86.7％ in the acupuncture plus Tai Ji group,significantly higher than 77.8％ in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture plus Tai Ji Quan can produce a significant efficacy in improving the limb motor function and depression in post-stroke depression patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shenkang Injection (SI) on hypertrophy and expressions of p21 and p27 in glomerular mesangial cells of rats cultured in high glucose fluid.

METHODSCultured rat glomerular mesangial cells were divided into 6 groups: the normal control group, mannitol-treated group, high glucose-treated group, high, middle and low dose SI treated groups. The synthesis of cell protein and DNA were determined with incorporation of 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu. The changes of p21 mRNA and expressions of p21 and p27 protein were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

RESULTSHigh glucose caused incorporation of 3H-TdR reduced, incorporation of 3H-Leu increased. SI could decrease incorporation of 3H-Leu, increase incorporation of 3H-TdR. Compared with the high glucose-treated group, SI could inhibit the overexpression of p2l mRNA and protein,p27 protein induced by high glucose.

CONCLUSIONSI could inhibit hypertrophy of glomerular mesangial cells cultured in high glucose partly through inhibiting overexpressions of p2l mRNA, p21 and p27 protein.

Animals ; Cell Enlargement ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Mesangial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with bipolar disorder.Methods:Fifty adolescents aged 12 -18 years,fulfilled the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)criteria for bipolar disorder(29 in depressive state, 19 in manic state,and 2 in mixed state)and 100 healthy-matched controls were recruited.Their health-related risky behaviors were assessed using the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI) and the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory for Parent (AHRBI-P).Results:The bipolar group had higher AHRBI scores in the total scale and six subscales than controls,including Aggression and Violence (AV),Health-Compromising Behavior (HCB),Rule Breaking (RB),Unprotected Sex (US),Self-injury and Suicide (SS),and Smoking and Drinking(SD)[Total scores,55.5(38,119)vs.46(38,65);P <0.05].Besides, the scores of 26 items of bipolar group were all higher than controls(Ps <0.05).The scores in the total scale and six subscales had no difference between AHRBI and AHRBI-P.According to the partial correlation analysis (de-pressive state =0;manic state =1),the AHRBI and AHRBI-P scores of Self-injury and Suicide subscale were nega-tively associated with the episode state (r =-0.32,-0.33;Ps <0.05).The AHRBI scores of'destroy properties'which belongs to the Aggression and Violence subscale were positively associated with the episode state (r =0.32, P <0.05).Conclusion:The adolescents with bipolar disorder have more health-related risky behaviors than the healthy adolescents.The depressive patients have higher risk of suicide.While,the risky behavior of destroying properties tend to occur among the manic patients.

Objective To study the epidemic and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A6 ( CVA6) strains isolated in Guangdong province.Methods Enterovirus strains positive for neither entero-virus A71 ( EV71) nor CVA16 were isolated from Guangdong province during 2008 to 2013 to screen CVA6 isolates by real-time PCR.The entire sequences of viral genes encoding VP1 of CVA6 positive samples were amplified and sequenced.The phylogenetic analysis was performed to analyze the full-length gene sequences encoding VP1 of CVA6 isolates and sequences downloaded from GenBank by using DNAStar6.0 and MEGA5.2 software packages.Results CVA6 strains accounted for 61.4%of the 1672 non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enterovirus strains isolated in Guangdong province during year 2008 to 2013.The positive rates were respectively 10.5%(4/38), 66.7%(34/51), 36.2% (81/224), 63.0% (182/289), 62.3% (325/522) and 73.0%(400/548) from 2008 to 2013 and the differences among different years were significant (χ2=133.79, P<0.01).The CVA6 isolates could be classified into four clusters in the phylogenetic tree, designated A, B, C and D (including D1, D2 and D3 subgenogroups) genogroups.The four clusters shared nucleotide diversity ranging from 15.5% to 23.1%.The CVA6 strains isolated in Guangdong province shared 88.7%-100.0% homologies in nucleotide and 95.7%-100.0% in amino acid.Subtype D2 strains circulated during 2008 to 2012 and subtype D3 strains circulated during 2009 to 2013.Conclusion CVA6 strains were the predominant enterovirus strains among non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enterovirus strains circula-ted in Guangdong province from year 2008 to 2013.The CVA6 isolates could be classified into A, B, C and D genogroups based on the sequence analysis of VP1 region.Subgroups D2 and D3 isolates were identified and the subgroup D3 isolates were the prevalent strains in Guangdong.

Objective:To explore the relation of social adaptability to theory of mind (Tom)and executive function (EF)in Chinese children with autism.Method:Thirty-eight children aged 6.0 -12.9 years and meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)criteria for autism were re-cruited.They were assessed with the Children's Adaptive Behavior Rating Scale,Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC),Tom test and EF task,then their adaptive quotient (ADQ),intelligence quotient, scores of theory of mind and executive function were obtained.Results:In this sample,the ADQ was (85.4 ± 20.9),the T scores of independent factor,cognitive factor and social self-control factor were separately (40.2 ± 17.3),(43.3 ±15.7)and (42.0 ±16.0).The median total intelligence quotient was (102.1 ±24.0).After con-trolling for age and intelligence quotient,the score of first false belief understanding was positively correlated with social responsibility subsclale score and social self-control factor score (r =0.50,0.45,Ps <0.05).In executive function test,scores of immediate and delayed recall for details of Rey complex figure recall task were negatively correlated with social responsibility subscale score (r =-0.46,-0.47,Ps <0.05).In Stroop tests,the second test time,the forth test time,the forth test error number and alpha numeric connection error number were negatively cor-related with economic activity subscale score (r =-0.63,-0.57,-0.45,-0.57,Ps <0.05).The second test time of Stroop was negatively correlated with the scores of individual choose subscale and social self-control factor (r =-0.46,-0.50,Ps <0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that social adaptability may be related to theory of mind and executive function.The autistic children with better theory of mind and executive function have better social a-daptability.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technology combined with cluster analysis method was used to classify 75 batches of crystalline ceftriaxone sodium into subtypes, the crystalline characteristics of each subtype were measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparing some parameters of these subtypes correlated to crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium, such as salification rate, water content in different subtypes, as well as by studying different lattice stabilities, different compatibilities with rubber closures during accelerated stability tests, the key point to improve the quality of domestic ceftriaxone sodium was disclosed. The results of this paper indicated that the fine structure of the products could be controlled well by improving the salification and crystallization process. As a result, the subtype II of ceftriaxone sodium with high stability can be produced.
Ceftriaxone ; chemistry ; classification ; Crystallization ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Powders ; Water ; X-Ray Diffraction