Apoptosis ; Brain ; growth & development ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Organ Size

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the common means in multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced breast cancer,with anthracyclines and taxanes as main chemotherapeutic drugs.In recent years,molecular target agents have significantly improved the efficacy of chemotherapy,as well as have provided more choices and ideas for clinical treatment.Currently,the widely studied molecular targeted drugs include trastuzumab,lapatinib,pertuzumab,T-DM1 and bevacizumab.

Objective Establish and evaluate the method of number of alleles identical by state in full sib test.Methods Sib pair group and unrelated individual pair group were genotyped in 13 STR loci,statistical calculation was carried out.Results Through analysis by discriminant function the posterior probability of membership in each group and error of the posterior probability was obtained.The discriminant function in sib group is L sib =-27.087 03+3.202 32S(S:number of alleles identical by state);The discriminant function in unrelated individual group is:L unrelated =-7.495 63+1.685 09S.The average error of the posterior probability in sib and unrelated pair group is 0.026 5.Conclusion When the number of alleles identical by state is more than 17 or less than 8,posterior probability of a full sib or unrelated individuals is more than 0.998 0 or 0.999 4,respectively.The method based on the number of alleles identical by state in full sib test is credible in identifying sib pair relationship.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the determination of pemetrexed disodium in human plasma. METHODS:The plasma sample was determined by HPLC after protein were precipitated with strong acid. The determination was performed on Xterra?RP 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-50 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution(15∶85) at the flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 225 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of pemetrexed disodium were 1.0-32.0 mg/L (r=0.999 9,n=5) with recoveries of 86.35%-87.25%. RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were lower than 4.21%(n=5). Minimum detection concentration of plasma was 0.05 mg/L. The patients with high plasma concentration easily suf-fered from arrest of bone marrow. The plasma concentration was(18.56±4.50)mg/L,which could induce ADR;when the plasma concentration was (14.05 ± 6.72) mg/L,no ADR was found. There was statistical significance after t-test (P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,quick,accurate,sensitive and suitable for the plasma concentration determination of pemetrexed di-sodium and human pharmacokinetics study.

Objective To explore artifactual responses of auditory steady-state reponses (ASSRs) to bone-conduction stimuli.Methods The present study involved a group of subjects,aged between 5 to 39 months,with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing losse.Recorded were the reponses to multiple bone-conducted 0.5,1,2,4 kHz tone pips repeated at the rates of 77～101 Hz.All the subjects were sedated by Hydrate Chloride during the testing.Results Artifactual ASSRs were seen at 115 and 100.5 dB (re:1?N) (The above levels are equivalent to around 60 dB HL) at 1 and 4 kHz.No artifactual responses were recorded at 0.5 and 2 kHz stimuli at the maximum output level.Conclusion Bone-conducted hearing loss greater than moderate can not be tested reliablely due to artifactual responses and lower maximum output level than that of air conduction.

Background Lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only effective treating method in glaucoma.Making sure the change of optic disc parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients after IOP reduced can provide objective evidence for evaluating the effect of lowing-IOP on the function of optic nerve.Objective The present study was to evaluate the change of optic disc parameters and RNFLT in POAG patients after trabeculectomy,and analyze the affecting factors of image parameters.Methods A serial case-observational study was adapted.Forty eyes of 39 patients with POAG underwent trabeculectomy were recruited in the study.IOP was examined and perimetry was performed before operation and 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery.Optical parameters and RNFLT were measured using Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in above-mentioned time points.The correlations between lowing-IOP range or disease severity and optical disc parameters or mean RNFLT (mRNFLT) were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Mean IOP of the 40 eyes was (32.77±8.64) mmHg before operation and (12.45 ±3.65) mmHg,(13.05±3.90) mmHg,(13.42± 3.33) mmHg,(14.22± 2.60) mmHg and (14.74±2.46)mmHg 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after operation,with a significant difference among various time points (F=13.73,P =0.00).However,no significant difference was seen in the mean defect of perimetry among the different time points (F=1.02,P=0.41).The cup area (CA),cup/disc area ratio (C/DAR),cup volume (CV),mean cup depth (MCD),cup shape measurement (CSM),horizontal C/D,vertical C/D,rim area (RA),rim/disc area ratio (R/DAR),height variation contour (HVC),rim volume (RV),mRNFLT,RNFL cross sectional area (RNFLA) were gradually improved after operation in comparison with before operation.One year after operation,RV,CSM,mRNFLT,RNFLA were still increased,but vertical C/D was reduced after operation than that of before (P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in the whole mRNFLT and superior quadrant mRNFLT,inferior quadrant mRNFLT,nasal quadrant mRNFLT and temporal quadrant mRNFLT among before and after operation (F=1.63,P=0.16; F=0.51,P=0.77; F=1.44,P=0.20;F=1.02,P=0.32; F=1.31,P=0.30).Positive correlations were found between lowing-IOP range and the improvement of RV,CSM,vertical C/D (r =0.45,P =0.02; r=0.41,P=0.04; r=0.58,P=0.00),and negative correlations were seen between absolute value of MD and the improvement of RV,CSM 1 year after operation (r=-0.43,P=0.03; r=-0.62,P=0.00).Conclusions Reduction of IOP after trabeculectomy results in the reversal of optic disc parameters.The improvement of the optic disc parameters may be a protective factor for progression of glaucomatous optical nerve damage.

Objective To provide the experimental evidence for clinical application of taurine,rat model of intrauterine growth restriction (FGR) was made to investigate influence of prenatal administration of taurine on neurogenesis.Methods Fifteen pregnant rats were divided into control,FGR model and taurine groups,5 rats for each group.Rats in the control group were supplied with unlimited food and drink while the other two groups were fed by 40％ food intake of the control group throughout pregnancy.Since gestational day 12,taurine (100 mg/kg) was added into diet of taurine group every day until term delivery.Brain tissues were obtained immediately after baby rats were born.Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of brain tissue was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry; meanwhile,numbers of PCNA-immunoreactive cells in subventricular zone,subgranular zone and cerebral cortex were compared with ANOVA test or q test.Results Levels of PCNA mRNA and GFAP mRNA expression in FGR group were significantly higher than those of control group (PCNA mRNA:1.002±0.011 vs 0.894 ± 0.040,P＜0.01; GFAP-mRNA:1.012±0.013 vs 0.913±0.012,P＜0.01).Compared to FGR model group,mRNA expressions of PCNA and GFAP in taurine groups were higher (1.090±0.029,P＜0.01 ; 1.034±0.011,P＞0.05).There was a significant decrease in the expression of NSE mRNA in FGR group compared with control group (0.796±0.036 vs 1.582±0.057,P＜0.01),while the expression in taurine group (0.933±0.027) was significantly higher than that in FGR model group (P ＜ 0.01).PCNA immunoreactive cells were mostly distributed in subventricular zone,followed by subgranular zone and cerebral cortex.Conclusions Prenatal application of taurine could enhance neurogenesis of FGR newborn rats and improve survival of neurons to ameliorate FGR brain damage.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometriosis ; pathology ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Hamartoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; pathology ; Stomach Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Apelin/APJ system has a wide range of physiological functions,but its intracellular signal transduction,in particular,apelin receptor desensitization,internalization,resensitization degradation,have still no consistent opinion.OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector expressing human apelin receptor(APJ)tagged to red fluorescent protein(pDsRED-express-C1),and to determine the expression in human embryo kidney 293 cells.METHODS: The plasmid pcDNA3.1-hAPJ was used as a template for PCR amplification of human APJ.Following PCR amplification the PCR product were removed and enzymatic digestion with EcoR I and BamH I.Same enzymes were used to cut vector pDsRED-express-C1.The digestive product was ligated by conventional methods of connection,then transfected into Competent E.coli TOP10.Single clones were picked plasmid extraction,followed by restriction enzyme digestion and finally DNA sequencing.The recombinant plasmid with correct sequencing was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells,PI staining,followed by the observation under a confocal microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR amplified a 1.2-kb fragment,which was consistent with the expected size of the human APJ.The pDsRed-hAPJ recombinant plasmid was cut into two fragments,one corresponded to the pDsRED-express-C1 vector size,and the other fragment corresponded to APJ target fragment.Confocal microscopy analysis showed that,APJ was expressed mainly in the membrane of human embryo kidney 293 cells.The pDeRed-hAPJ eukaryotic plasmid expression vector was successfully constructed and effective expression of this fusion protein is achieved,which might be instrumental in the study of displacement and intracellular localization of human APJ.