Objective To assss the clinical significance of Cystatin C(Cys C)as a marker of renal function in kidney transplant patients especially when infection or acute rejection occured.Methods Among 65 renal transplant recipients the concentrations of serum Cys C and serum creatinine(Scr)were determined before and one month after the transplantation,and also in the day and next day of occurrence of infection or rejection.Meanwhile,30 healthy persons and 30 infected patients without kidney transplantations were served as control.Results The concentrations of Cys C were nearly equal between healthy persons and the infected patients without kidney transplantations(P = 0.32).The level of serum Cys C and Scr dropped quickly in the first 3 days after transplantation(decreased by 69.2%,74.7%,75.8% for Cys C and 38.4%,74.5%,81.4% for Scr)(P

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; genetics ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Electroporation ; methods ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ; Transfection

Scientific review, time schedule of ethical review, standards of review, the compensation for injuries of subjects in clinical research and the relation between the ethical review and scientific integrity are common issues in ethical review of clinical research. This paper had an in-depth discussion on issues mentioned above. The interna-tional rules were referred and the personal suggestions were also provided for the reference in further discussion.

Objective To observe the changes of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and intedeukin-1β (IL-1β) in cerebral cortex of rats after cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) and to further explore the signification of CIP.Methods SPF healthy male SD rats were assigned randomly into 3 group:model Ⅰ group (n =36),model Ⅱ group (n =36),and sham group (n =36).The rats in model Ⅱ group were subjected to 2 hour of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion with suture-occluded method to establish focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model.Ten miniutes MCAO by suture-occluded was used as model Ⅰ group,72 hours after reperfusion,given the same treatment like the model Ⅱ group.For the sham group,separate the carotid artery only.Each group was divided into 0.5 days,1 day,2 days,3 days,7days total of five time points after reperfusion,6 rats at each time point.After surgery,the infarction volume was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.The neural behavioral score were measured by Zea Longa assessment criteria.The expression levels of RAGE and IL-1β mRNA were assessed by the method of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results Comparison of rats in 1 d after ischemia,the infarct volume in model Ⅰ group was (19.04 ± 1.65) ％ which was lower than model Ⅱ group(34.55 ±4.78) ％,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model Ⅱ group,the average neural behavioral scores at each time point were less than 2.2 points in model Ⅰ group,they were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of RAGE mRNA:The Delta C (T) value of RAGE in the model Ⅰ and model Ⅱ groups were significantly higher than the sham group at that times,reached the peak at the time of 1 d,the Delta C (T) value of the sham group,the model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group were 6.56 ±0.08,9.52 ± 0.23,9.89 ± 0.17,which relative expression quantity being calculated were 1.24,9.65,12.47,both decreased with the prolonging of reperfusion time.The Delta C (T) value of the sham group,the model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group at 3 d were 6.18 ±0.32,7.87 ±0.36,8.61 ±0.24,the expression levels of model Ⅰ group were significantly lower than the model Ⅱ group at those five time points(P ＜0.05).The expression of IL-1β mRNA:its Delta C (T) value of IL-1β in the model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group were both significantly higher than the sham group at 0.5 days,1day,2 days,3days,7days,for example,the Delta C(T) value of the sham group,the model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group at 3 days were 7.75 ±0.32,9.94 ±0.18,10.38-±0.27,which relative expression quantity being calculated were 1.09,4.96,6.73,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜0.01),the model Ⅰ group was significantly lower than the model Ⅱ group at those five time points,the Delta C(T) value of the two groups at 0.5 d were 11.84 ± 0.43,12.51 ± 0.36,which relative expression quantity being calculated were 18.51 and 29.45,the expression was descending gradually along with the time (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CIP can produce cerebral ischemic tolerance,the down-regulation of RAGE and IL-1β expression may be one of the mechanisms of ischemic tolerance induced by CIP.

OBJECTIVETo determine the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and evaluate their relationships with cardiac structure and function and liver function in patients with cirrhosis.

METHODSFifty patients with cirrhosis underwent two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. The cirrhotic patients were divided into groups according to Child-Pugh score:Child-Pugh class A, n=15; Child-Pugh class B, n=20; Child-Pugh class C, n=15. Cardiac dimensions and left and right ventricular functions were evaluated. In addition, the plasma NT-proBNP was detected in the 50 cirrhotic patients and 11 healthy controls.

RESULTSThe levels of plasma NT-proBNP was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in healthy controls (240.15+/-80.87 pg/mL vs.55.86+/-20.13 pg/mL, P=0.000).The Child-Pugh class A, B and C groups showed no differences for left ventricular diameter, right ventricular diameter, septal thickness, left ventricular wall thickness, E wave, A wave, aortic annulus diameter, and the value of E/A.However, the left atrial diameter was significantly lower in the A group than in the C group (29.83+/-3.76 mm vs.35.08+/-3.68 mm, P=0.015) and in the B group than in the C group (31.78+/-4.05 mm vs.35.08+/-3.68 mm, P=0.000); there was no significant difference between the A and B groups. The plasma NT-proBNP was significantly lower in the A group than the C group (189.20+/-20.25 pg/mL vs.300.13+/-34.96 pg/mL, P=0.000) and in the B group than in the C group (202.34+/-31.20 pg/mL vs.300.13+/-34.96 pg/mL, P=0.000); there was no significant difference between the A and B groups (P=0.302).The NT-proBNP level was positively correlated with the left atrial diameter and the left ventricular wall thickness (r=0.540, P=0.000 andr=0.309, P=0.029 respectively).In addition, the NT-proBNP showed correlation with Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (r=0.454, P=0.001), albumin level (r=-0.376, P=0.007) and total bilirubin level (r=0.283, P=0.047).

CONCLUSIONs Increased levels of plasma NT-proBNP are related to disease severity in patients with cirrhosis.Furthermore, cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis may be related to increased plasma levels of NT-proBNP.

Heart Diseases ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood

Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary behaviors on the risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A total of 12 208 subjects aged 18-60 years old were investigated by questionnaires to collect demographic data, dietary behaviors and lifestyle information, when they did health examination in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. During the observation period of five year, the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were collected through health examination files every year. The multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the associations of dietary behaviors with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Results: The study included 6 218 ( 50.93% ) males and 5 990 ( 49.07% ) females. The cumulative incidence rates of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were 7.75%, 2.72% and 3.49%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the high-sodium diet ( OR=1.422, 95%CI: 1.191-1.697 ) , eating fast ( OR=1.457, 95%CI: 1.102-1.974 ), eating more refined grain ( OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.050-1.490 ) and drinking milk less than once a week ( OR=1.316, 95%CI: 1.022-1.697 ) were risk factors for hypertension. The high-sodium diet ( OR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.048-1.725 ), eating fast ( OR=1.733, 95%CI: 1.046-2.871 ), eating more meat ( OR=1.651,95%CI: 1.263-2.158 ) were risk factors for diabetes. High-sodium diet ( OR=1.501, 95%CI: 1.192-1.889 ) was risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion The diet with high sodium, more meat and refined grain as well as eating fast can increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, CXCR ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To research the effect of community nursing intervention on improving the life quality of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods In order to understand the level of self-efficacy, the implementation of self-care behavior and quality of life in community patients with type 2 diabetes, 214 cases of Daqing community patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated using self-efficacy scale, self-care behavior scale and the general quality of life questionnaire. At the same time, collective guidances such as expert instruction, multimedia health education and nursing skills training combined with individual guidance were utihzed to intervene patients with type 2 diabetes for six months. Results There were significant differences between self-efficacy and self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes before and after the intervention (P<0.01). The body's function, psychological function, social function and total score of life of quality of life before and after the intervention were obviously different (P<0.05), but the material life before and after the intervention had no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions The intervention of community nursing can enhance self-efficacy and self-care behavior, thereby improving the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in-utero exposure to HIV and ART on pregnancy outcome and early growth of children.Methods This cohort study enrolled 802 HIV-infected pregnant women between October 2009 and May 2018 in Guangzhou,China The women were assigned to receive combination ART (cART) or mono/dual ART or no treatment.The primary outcomes were the combined endpoints of any adverse pregnancy outcome [including ectopic pregnancy,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,preterm birth,small for gestational age (SGA)] and adverse early growth outcome (including infant death,HIV infection of mother-to-child transmission,and underweight,wasting and stunting of infants at 4 weeks of age).Results Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 202 (35.1％) of all enrolled HIV-infected women,and 121 (31.3％) of all infants exhibited adverse effects on early growth at 4 weeks of age.The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes,spontaneous abortion,ectopic pregnancy,stillbirth,infant death and perinatal HIV infection were higher among women not receiving ART,compared to those treated with cART or mono/dual ART (P ＜ 0.05).However,women treated with cART had a higher rate of SGA,compared to untreated women (P ＜ 0.05).No differences in early infant growth were observed among the different treatment regimens.Conclusion Our findings underscore the essentiality of prioritizing HIV-positive pregnant women for ART,as even mono/dual ART available in resource-limited countries could improve pregnancy outcomes and infant survival