Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is a significant clinical problem and has long been recognized by cardiac surgeons. The studies of the pathogenesis and protection strategies of CPB induced lung injury have been the focus in the field of cardiac surgery. This review presents the recent progress of the pathogenesis and protection strategies of lung injury following CPB.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most important complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the complex pathophysiology remains to be resolved incomplete. At present, there is no specific and uniform criterion about the diagnosis of ALI following CPB. The changes of physiology and biochemistry in the lung can indicate the development of the ALI, and give proof of the early diagnosis of ALI following CPB.

The defense mechinism of heat shock protein(HSP)acting as moleculars chaperons requires heat shock transcription factors as the primary mediators of the heat shock response.Increased expression of HSP may protect the heart.Overexpression of HSP can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis,protect the integrity of the microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells exposed to ischemia,participate in the folding and activation of protein kinases and transcription factors such as HIF-1? and HSF1,bind to endothelial nitric oxide synthase(Enos) and stimulate its activity,and downregulate cytokine production.Hence,it is of benefit to efficiently elevate HSP expression in myocardium using pharmacological and/or gene therapy procedures without any adverse effect.

Procalcitonin (PCT) detection is a diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of bacterial or non-bacterial infections complicated by a systemic inflammatory response. Recent research in the cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)suggests PCT level reflect the systemic inflammation following CPB. Measurement of PCT may help to identify the patients with high-risk who may be benefited from specific treatment administered and intensified monitoring provided, so as to reduce the surgical complications.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the advantages of nicardipine induced hypotension in endoscopic sinus surgery.METHODS Eighty patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups(n=40 each):Group A(Enflurane Group), Group B (Nicardipine Group).The effect of controlled hypotension was compared between the two groups.The changes of MAP, HR were recorded during induced hypotension, the time of induction, maintenance and recovery in induced hypotension were recorded.RESULTS 1.The induced hypotension induction time in group A was significant shorter than that in group B, BP recovery time in group A was obviously longer than that in group B (P

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD40 and MMP9 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques, so as to assess the role of CD40 in the stability of the plaque and the possible mechanism. Methods: The expression of CD40 and MMP9 mRNA and protein in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from carotid eversion endarterectomy (CEE) of 28 patients with high-grade stenosis (>70%) (stroke group, n=15; non-stroke group, n=13) and 8 normal postmortem arteries (control group) were detected by real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The correlation between expression of CD40 and MMP9 was analyzed. Results: The expression of CD40 mRNA and MMP9 mRNA in the non-stroke group and stroke group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01); and that of the stroke group was significantly higher than that of the non-stroke group (P<0.01). There was a linear correlation between expression of CD40 and MMP9 mRNA (r=0.964, P<0.01). Extremely rare expression of CD40 and MMP9 protein wet found in the normal carotid artery; the protein expression was evidently higher in the carotid artery atherosclerosis than in the normal carotid artery, and the expression in carotid artery atherosclerosis in the stroke group was higher than that in the non-stroke group. Conclusion: The increased expression of CD40 and MMP9 in the carotid atherosclerositic plaques may be closely related to the stability of plaques.

[Objective]To examine the effects of fast setting calcium phosphate scaffold on human mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) adhesion and proliferation.[Method]Scaffolds were self-hardened in molds.Three ml human bone marrow aspirates,taken form the iliac crest of normal donors were suspended in low glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.Atfer 72 hours the nonadherent cells were removed by changing medium,and the adherent layer cultured until it reached 80% conference.Cultured cells at passage 3 were used for the experiments.MSCs were seeded on calcium phosphate scaffold.The cell-scaffold constructs were cultured with complete media for 1 week.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and the terazolium-based colorimetric assay(MTT test)examinations were performed.[Result]When cells were cultured in scaffolds in vitro,the number of cells on scaffold increased with time.SEM showed that the scaffold had a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure.The cells appeared to infiltrate into the macropores of the scaffold and the extracellular matrix components were observed.[Conclusion]This study demonstrates that the fast setting calcium phosphate scaffold has good biocompatibility,cells are able to adhere and proliferate on scaffold specimens,and it is a good substrate candidate for tissue engineered bone substitute.

Partial left ventriculectomy(PLV),also named as left ventricular volume reduction or the Batista procedure,is gradually used as a new alternative method to treat end-stage heart disease.This article summarizes the progress of the mechanism of partial left ventriculectomy with rapid left ventricle reshaping and hemodynamics change and patho-physiological effect etc.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ear Cartilage ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Panniculitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Polychondritis, Relapsing ; complications ; drug therapy ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Drug Resistance ; Hormones ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; genetics