Objective To learn the condom-use and it's associated factors among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Shenzhen,so as to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and control program.Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted with standardized questionnaire used on individual case.Associated factors with behavior of not persistent condom use were analyzed,using logistic regression method as dependent variable and associated factors with behaviors as independent variables.Results Most of the MSM were young,with average age as 27.9.coming from 26 provinces of China.Only 20.5 percent of the participants were persistently using condoms every time with their sex partners in the past year. The main reasons of not constantly using condom with their male sex partners were having fixed partners,being young,healthy and being faithful.Conclusion High risk sexual behaviors and the low rate of condom-use among MSM might serve as potential risks for HIV epidemics.Data on the rate of condom use and the influencing factors among MSM varied for different sexual partners,suggested that targeted prevention measures should be conducted.

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEto measure the dose distribution (tissue absorbed dose) of palatal denture applicator containing (125)I.

METHODSsimulated model of head and neck was used to wear the palatal dental applicator containing (125)I for the postoperative brachytherapy of a simulated tumor at a diameter of 2 cm in the palate. The denture contained 11 (125)I seed with radioactivity of 29.6 MBq per seed. The prescribed dose (edge matched dose) was 80 Gy. The absorbed dose in the simulated target and its adjacent area was measured by thermoluminescence dosimeters.

RESULTSthe dose in the target area reached the value of treatment needs, and the dose absorbed by tissue around the target was lower except tongue.

CONCLUSIONSusing palatal denture applicator containing (125)I for postoperative brachytherapy of malignant tumors of palate can get satisfied dose distribution, but the tongue needs to be protected.

Brachytherapy ; instrumentation ; Dentures ; Jaw Neoplasms ; radiotherapy

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore and evaluate the effects of combination intervention model conducted by Center for Disease Control and Prevention and activity place to men who have sex with men (MSM).

METHODSTo implement one-year combination intervention in 4 MSM venues during May, 2009 and April, 2010. Meanwhile, 3 similar MSM venues were chosen as control. MSM places introduced CDC to consumption crowds. Experts and volunteers sent by CDC undertook health education programme on site and condom, lubricant, pamphlet, consultation, test were provided at the same time. The intervention measures applied to control only included providing pamphlet, condom, lubricant by volunteers. Investigations were conducted among subjects of combination intervention group and control group before (111, 120 subjects) and after (105, 98 subjects) the intervention with questions related to knowledge and behavior of AIDS prevention.

RESULTSAfter one-year intervention, among MSM with combination intervention, the awareness rate of knowledge level about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased from 73.0% (81/111) to 91.7% (110/120), proportion of condom-use with male at last anal intercourse increased from 73.0% (81/111) to 85.0% (102/120), ratio of never-use condom with male decreased from 10.8% (11/102) to 1.7% (2/112), percentage of acquiring AIDS-related service and intervention improved significantly, acquiring condom (lubricant) increased from 70.3% (78/111) to 85.0% (102/120), acquiring peer education increased from 10.8% (12/111) to 24.2% (29/120), the proportion of acquiring counseling and testing of HIV increased from 69.4% (77/111) to 90.8% (109/120) (all P values < 0.05). The above index show no statistic difference before and after the intervention (all P values > 0.05) in control MSM venues.

CONCLUSIONCombination intervention model was an effective intervention model contributing to an increase in knowledge of AIDS prevention and decreasing high risk behavior in MSM population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Adult ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Young Adult

Systematical studies are lacking on the influencing factors and mechanisms of the heparin enhanced sperm capacitation, although many studies have shown that heparin enhanced sperm capacitation. The effect of heparin concentration and exposure time, incubation temperature and co-culture with oviductal epithelial cells or cumulus cells on goat sperm capacitation were investigated in this study. The motility, membrane and acrosome integrity and capacitated percentage of goat spermatozoa were assessed after different heparin treatments, and rates of fertilization and embryo cleavage were compared after in vitro insemination of oocytes with spermatozoa capacitated by different heparin treatments. The major results are summarized as follows: 1) When spermatozoa were capacitated with heparin at 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 microg/mL for 45 min, 50 and 100 microg/mL heparin treatments produced the highest capacitated percentages of 55% and 56%, respectively, but the percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in the 100 microg/mL heparin treatment decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison with that in the control group, indicating that the optimal heparin concentration for goat sperm capacitation would be 50 microg/mL. 2) Capacitated percentage of spermatozoa increased with extension of treatment time when goat sperm were treated with 50 microg/mL heparin for 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 or 120 min. Although heparin treatments for 45 to 120 min did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in capacitated sperm percentages, sperm motility and membrane integrity decreased significantly when treated with heparin for 120 min. This suggested that the optimal exposure time of heparin at 50 microg/mL for goat sperm capacitation would be 45 to 60 min. 3) Significantly higher capacitated percentages of spermatozoa were obtained when goat sperm were treated at 42 and 38.5 degrees C than at 15 and 37 degrees C, but sperm motility and acrosome integrity were significantly lower when spermatozoa were treated at 42 degrees C than they were treated at other temperatures. Temperature of 38.5 degrees C would, therefore, be the optimal temperature for goat sperm capacitation. 4) The capacitated percentage of spermatozoa was significantly higher when goat sperm were co-cultured with oviductal epithelial cells than when treated with heparin alone or co-cultured with cumulus cells, but sperm motility and membrane and acrosome integrity did not differ significantly among the three treatments. Rates of fertilization (91.3%) and cleavage (72.2%) were significantly higher in the oviductal epithelial cell co-culture group than those in the heparin alone group. This indicated that co-culture with oviductal epithelial cells significantly enhanced goat sperm capacitation by heparin treatment.
Acrosome Reaction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Coculture Techniques ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Fallopian Tubes ; cytology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Goats ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Sperm Capacitation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; physiology

Objective: To investigate changes in the three⁃dimensional position of the maxillary canine during the distal movement of the maxillary first molar by a mini⁃implant combined with a CD appliance. Methods: Ten typodont models of class II malocclusion were selected, and one side was randomly chosen as the experimental group. The CD ap⁃ pliance was bonded to the maxillary canine and first molar of the experimental group, and 1.2 mm stainless steel wire was bent as the anchorage, which was fixed on the model to simulate mini⁃implants implanted in the zygomatic alveolar ridge. Then, 180 g orthodontic force was applied to the canine of the experimental group; the other side was recognized as the control group and was not used for strengthening. Six mini⁃implants were implanted in different parts of the mod⁃ el and used as a reference before and after the experiment. The models were placed in an incubator and heated at 56 ℃ in a water bath for 2 min. The models were scanned before and after thermostatic water bath treatment with a 3⁃shape scanner. Then, the digital models were overlapped through the reference points, and the positions of the canines and first molars were measured before and after the experiment. Results: The sagittal movement distance of the first molar in the experimental group was ( 0.25 ± 0.33) mm, and the vertical movement distance was (0.25 ± 0.28 )mm, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05), while the transverse change was not significantly different (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the root position of the first molar in the experimental group (P > 0.05). The lateral and vertical displacement distances of the maxillary canine crown in the experimental group were (4.03 ± 2.11) mm and (1.86 ± 1.01) mm, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.001), while the sagittal changes showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, there was no significant difference in the position of the apex of the maxillary cusp (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our in vitro study showed that the maxillary canines inclined buccally accompanied by a small amount of intrusion during molar distaliza⁃ tion by a mini⁃implant combined with a CD appliance.

OBJECTIVETo screen and analyze CD34(+) cell specific microRNAs (miRNAs) from the patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and their expression.

METHODSCD34(+) cells were sorted from AML patients or the mobilized peripheral blood of the donors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (normal control subjects) and followed by the extraction of the cell total RNAs. The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) were selected after hybridizing with miRNA microarray, real time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was subsequently applied to confirm the expression of the selected miRs, and PCR products were further cloned and sequenced to check their specificity.

RESULTSOf the differentially expressed miRNAs, 191 were found to be at least one-fold change in the CD34(+) cells between the AML patients and the normal control subjects. Of the 191 miRNAs, the expression difference of 94 was significant (P < 0.05). Among these 94 miRNAs, the expression of 44 miRNAs was increased and the other 50 miRNAs was decreased in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients compared with the CD34(+) cells from the mobilized peripheral blood of the normal control subjects. Real time PCR verified that the expression level of miR-10a and miR-220c in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients was 19.6% and 19.0% of that of CD34(+) cells from mobilized peripheral blood of the normal control subjects. DNA sequencing and BLAST DNA database searching results indicated that the PCR products were really miR-10a and miR-220c.

CONCLUSIONA variety of differentially expressed-miRNAs are existed between AML and normal control subjects CD34(+) cells, the expression of miR-10a and miR-220c was significantly down-regulated in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationships among human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction, sperm morphology and in vitro fertilization rates.

METHODSThe relationships among human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction, sperm morphology and in vitro fertilization rates were investigated by Spearman rank correlation in 79 infertile couples. And the sperm morphology analysis was performed by crystal violet staining and based on strict criteria.

RESULTSA significant positive correlation was found between the percentage of human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction and that of normal sperm morphology (n = 49, r = 0.3763, P < 0.01), but no significant correlation was observed either between the percentage of human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization rates or between that of normal sperm morphology and in vitro fertilization rates (n = 21, r = 0.2666, P > 0.05 and n = 50, r = 0.0018, P > 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant positive correlation between the percentage of human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction and that of normal sperm morphology, but no such correlation either between the percentage of human follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization rates or between that of normal sperm morphology and in vitro fertilization rates.

Acrosome Reaction ; physiology ; Adult ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicular Fluid ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

Objective To investigate the effect of high-dose coenzyme Q10 on the central nervous system in mice,and to provide experimental basis for clinical safety evaluation.Methods Mice were randomly divided into vehicle control group,perillartine control group,positive control group (chlorpromazine or diazepam) and coenzyme Q10 low,medium and high dose groups (1.5,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg,equivalent to 75,150,and 300 times of clinical dosage,respectively).The corresponding drugs were ig given to mice with the volume of 40 mL/kg.The general behavior of mice was observed directly,the motor coordination ability was observed by rotating stick method,and Anymaze animal behavior video analysis system was used to observe the spontaneous activity of mice and synergistic reaction with sub-threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium.Results There were no significant differences in the general behavioral activity,and the number of spontaneous activity times,mean resident time,and ratio of sleeping were found in all coenzyme Q10 groups,compared with the vehicle and perillartine control groups.Conclusion High dose of coenzyme Q10 has no significantly toxic effect on the central nervous system in mice,which could provide a reliable experimental basis for further medication study and clinical application of high-dose coenzyme Q 10.