Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

In order to analyze the in vivo expression of Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) in human vaginal infection, the vaginal secretion from 29 human subjects was collected by vaginal swab, and the expression of SAP1-SAP6 was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific primer sets. It was found that Sap2 and Sap5 were the most common genes expressed during infection; Sap3 and Sap4 were detected in all subjects and all 6 SAP genes were simultaneously expressed in some patients with vaginal candidiasis. It was suggested that the SAP family is expressed by Candida albicans during infection in human and that Candida albicans infection is associated with the differential expression of individual SAP genes which may be involved in the pathogenesis of vaginal candidiasis.

Objective To explore the relationship between psychological problems in middle school students and parental rearing behaviors.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.By means of cluster sampling,2700 students selected from 7 middle schools in Nanning were investigated with Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90),the Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU) scale and the General Information Questionnair.Results The prevalence of psychological problems was 14.5%.Correlation analysis showed that the total score and factor-scores of SCL-90 had positive correlation with parental punishment,rejection,preference and overprotection.The total score and factor-scores of SCL-90 was negatively related to parental emotional concern.Conclusions Psychological problems in middle school students are closely related to parental rearing behaviors,and incorrect parental rearing behavior is one risk factor of psychological problems in the middle school students.

AIM: To study the electrical heterogeneity of transient outward potassium current (I_(to)) in left and right ventricular myocytes of cardiomyopathy rat. METHODS: The rats were peritoneally injected with L-thyroxine 0.5 mg/kg for 10 d to establish the model of ventricular hypertrophy. The right and left ventricular parts of the heart were separated and the ventricular myocytes were prepared by step digestion using enzyme solution. I_(to) was recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique. The change of the electrical heterogeneity was determined. RESULTS: The electrical heterogeneity of I_(to) existed in the normal myocytes of left and right ventricles. In the myocytes of left and right ventricles isolated from the cardiomyopathy rats, the electrical heterogeneity was enhanced obviously and showed statistical difference. At +40 mV depolarizing test potential, the current density of I_(to) in the myocytes of right ventricle was increased from (9.23±0.84) pA/pF to (11.19±1.73) pA/pF, while the current density of I_(to) in the myocytes of left ventricle was decreased from (6.99±1.14) pA/pF to (4.95 ±1.84) pA/pF and the dispersion was increased. The V_(1/2) of right ventricle steady inactivation was increased significantly [from (-68.85±1.37) mV to (-49.86±0.69) mV]. The time constant τ of de-inactivation changed significantly [τ left=(79.16±7.04) ms, τ right=(53.19±3.72) ms]. CONCLUSION: Enhanced electrical heterogeneity of I_(to) in the left and right ventricular myocytes of cardiomyopathy rat may represent one of the important ionic mechanisms for some arrhythmia caused by myocardial hypertrophy.

Objective To observe and analyse the therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline in treating traumatic cerebral infarction.Methods Besides routine treatment received in control group,PTX 0.2～0.6 injection plus 500ml normal saline was intravenously dripped once a day,in the treatment group.Duration ten days as a treatment course in both groups and three courses were carried out.N-acetylaspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),Creatine(Cr) and lactate(Lac) in infarct part of brain were measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1HMRS).Results Compared with control group,ability of daily life were better,N-acetyl aspartate(NAA) and creatine(Cr) were obvious higher.Lactate(Lac) were obvious lower,in the treatment group.Conclusion PTX has a better therapeutic effect in traumatic cerebral infarction.

Objective: To study the inhibition effect of agaro-oligosaccharide (AOS) on neovascularization and its mechamism. Method: The anti-angiogenic effect in vivo was evaluated on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Cytotoxic activity of AOS was demonstrated by inhibition of several human cell lines by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HUVECs induced by AOS was examined by Hoechst staining assay and quantified by flowcytometry. Results: In CAM, AOS caused dose-dependent decrease on the vascular density and adversely affected capillary plexus formation. Different cytotoxic sensitivities were observed for AOS towards several kinds of cell lines, and HUVECs were more sensitive. Moreover, the growth inhibitory activity was correlated with induction of apoptosis. Flowcytometric analysis also revealed that AOS arrested the cell cycle progression at S phase. Conclusion: Agaro-oligosaccharide possesses the anti-angiogenic effects, which are associated with apoptosis induction of endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate whether human breast milk may bind to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its characteristics.Methods Breast milk samples from five women with negative HBsAg and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) at one to two months post delivery were fractioned into cream and skimmed milk by centrifugation.The human breast milk and each fraction as well as cow and goat milk samples,served as controls,were separately incubated with highly purified yeast recombinant HBsAg,followed by determination of their binding capability to HBsAg by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the inhibition rate for binding of HBsAg to anti-HBs by quantitative chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.After boiled for 1 min or pasteurized in 65 ℃ for 30 min,the thermal stability of the active components of milk was detected.One-way ANOVA and SNK tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results The operative concentration of HBsAg was 0.1 μg/ml.Breast milk from all five women showed significantly better binding capability to HBsAg than cow or goat milk (1.306±0.300 vs 2.157±0.150 and 2.232±0.093,F=34.303,P＜0.01).The quantitative experiments showed that the inhibition rate of human breast milk was higher than that of the control group [(74.26± 17.26)％ vs (0.00±5.50)％,F=57.806,P＜0.01].The binding ability to HBsAg of skimmed milk was comparable with that of whole milk,indicating milk protein(s) played critical roles in binding to HBsAg (0.877 ± 0.486 vs 0.513 ± 0.069 and 0.376 ± 0.146,F=44.475,P＜0.01).After boiled for 1 min or Pasteurization,the binding ability to HBsAg of whole breast milk remained,but that of skimmed milk went down (F=16.598,P＜0.01).Both whole breast milk and skimmed milk could inhibit the binding of HBsAg to anti-HBs (F=278.341 and 269.408,both P＜0.01).Conclusions The inhibition of binding to HBsAg by human breast milk indicates that human milk may interact with HBsAg.The active components mainly exist in milk proteins and are thermal stable.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for flavonoids in leaves and seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides. METHODS:Using the total extraction rate of 6 flavonoid aglycones(catechins,rutin,myricetin,quercetin,kaempferol,isorham-netin)as index,ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction times,material-lipid ratio as investigation indexes,L9(34)or-thogonal test was designed to optimize the extraction technology of flavonoids in leaves and seeds of H. rhamnoides,and verifica-tion test was carried out. RESULTS:The optimum extraction technology for flavonoids in leaves of H. rhamnoides was ethanol vol-ume fraction of 70%,extracting for 3 times with material-lipid ratio of 1:16,and 2.0 h each time;and that of seeds was ethanol volume fraction of 50%,extracting for 3 times with material-lipid ratio of 1:24,and 1.5 h each time. In verification test,the total extraction rate of 6 flavonoid aglycones was 56.4 mg/g in the leaves (RSD=1.4%,n=3) and 15.4 mg/g in the seeds (RSD=3.4%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized extraction technology is simple,stable,feasible,and can be used for extracting the fla-vonoids in leaves and seeds of H. rhamnoides.

To study the in situ intestinal absorption of five oligosaccharides contained in Morinda officinalis How. (sucrose, kestose, nystose, 1F-Fructofuranosyinystose and Bajijiasu). The absorption of the five oligosaccharides in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and colon of rats and their contents were investigated by using in situ single-pass perfusion model and HPLC-ELSD. The effects of drug concentration, pH in perfusate and P-glycoprotein inhibitor on the intestinal absorption were investigated to define the intestinal absorption mechanism of the five oligosaccharides in rats. According to the results, all of the five oligosaccharides were absorbed in the whole intestine, and their absorption rates were affected by the pH of the perfusion solution, drug concentration and intestinal segments. Verapamil Hydrochloride could significantly increase the absorptive amount of sucrose and Bajijiasu, suggesting sucrose and Bajijiasu are P-gp's substrate. The five oligosaccharides are absorbed mainly through passive diffusion in the intestinal segments, without saturated absorption. They are absorbed well in all intestines and mainly in duodenum and jejunum.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Male ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objectives: To explore the relationship between vascular active peptide, apelin level and blood pressure in a coastal population of Fujian province.
Methods: A total of 1031 subjects with the mean age of (55.1 ± 10.9) years in a coastal area of Fujian province were included in this cross-sectional study, and 416 subjects with male gender. The questionnaire survey, physical examination and plasma level of apelin measurement were conducted. Based on JNC-7 deifnition of hypertension, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: ① Hypertension group, the patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg, n=496. ② Pre-hypertension group, SBP at (120-139) mmHg and/or DBP at (80-89) mmHg without medication, n=314.③Normal BP group, SBP<120mmHg and DBP<80mmHg without medication, n=221. Based on 4 quartiles of apelin levels, the subjects were further divided into 4 groups:Q1 group, apelin<164.8 ng/ml, n=258. Q2 group, apelin at (164.8-<220.0) ng/ml, n=258. Q3 group, apelin at (220.0-283.1) ng/ml, n=258. Q4 group, apelin>283.1 ng/ml, n=257. One way analysis of variance, covariance analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to study the
relationship between apelin level and BP.
Results: The apelin level in male gender (220.57 ± 78.87) pg/ml was lower than female gender (232.06 ± 81.17) pg/ml. Compared with Normal group, Pre-hypertension group had decreased apelin level, compared with Normal and Pre-hypertension groups, Hypertension group had decreased apelin level, P<0.05. Compared with Q1 group, Q2, Q3 groups presented decreased SBP, DBP and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and compared with other 3 groups, Q4 group had decreased SBP, DBP (not including Q2, Q3 groups) and MABP, P<0.05. With adjusted age and gender, SBP, DBP and MABP were signiifcantly different among 4 quartiles of apelin groups, P<0.05. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that SBP, DBP and MABP were negatively related to apelin level, such relationship remained the same after adjusting the other cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: Apelin level dropping accompanying with BP increasing implies that vascular active peptide, apelin involved in BP regulation.