For further improving the extraction efficiency of microwave extraction, a microwave-assisted contijuous extraction (MACE) device has been designed and utilized. By contrasting with the traditional methods, the characteristics and extraction efficiency of MACE has also been studied. The method was validated by the analysis of the triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum. The extraction conditions of MACE were: using 95% ethanol as solvent, microwave power 200 W and radiation time 14.5 min (5 cycles). The extraction results were subsequently compared with traditional heat reflux extraction ( HRE) , soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasonic extraction ( UE) as well as the conventional microwave extraction (ME). For triterpenoids, the two methods based on the microwaves (ME and MACE) were in general capable of finishing the extraction in 10, 14.5 min, respectively, while other methods should consume 60 min and even more than 100 min. Additionally, ME can produce comparable extraction results as the classical HRE and higher extraction yield than both SE and UE, however, notably lower extraction yield than MASE. More importantly, the purity of the crud extract by MACE is far better than the other methods. MACE can effectively combine the advantages of microwave extraction and soxhlet extraction, thus enabling a more complete extraction of the analytes of TCMs in comparison with ME. And therefore makes the analytic result more accurate. It provides a novel, high efficient, rapid and reliable pretreatment technique for the analysis of TCMs, and it could potentially be extended to ingredient preparation or extracting techniques of TCMs.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Microwaves ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To explore the effects of health education combined with WeChat′s public platform in the management of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 100 coronary heart disease patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group and there were 50 cases in each group by the random number table. The intervention group received health education about risk factors combined with WeChat′s public platform for 6 months. The control group received routine health education. Evaluate the control rate of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid and the score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the two groups before and after the intervention. Results At the 6th month after intervention, the control rate of blood pressure of the intervention group was 88.0％(44/50) and it of the case group was 70.0％(35/50).The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.882, P < 0.05). The score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the intervention group was (102.44±8.22) points and it of the case group was (89.82±8.01) points . The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(t=7.776, P < 0.05). Conclusions The health education combined with WeChat′ s public platform contributed to help coronary heart disease patients to establish good self-management behavior and it can be widely used in the management of coronary heart disease risk factors.

Objective To explore the effect of music therapy on post-stroke depression (PSD) with left basal ganglia aphasia. Methods From April, 2013 to July, 2016, 60 patients with PSD and left basal ganglia aphasia were selected as control group (n=30) and research group (n=30). Both groups accepted routine medicine and rehabilitation, and the research group accepted music therapy in addition, for three months. They were assessed with modified Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version (SADQ-H) and China Rehabilitation Research Center Aphasia Examination (CRRCAE) before and after treatment. Results The incidence of serious depression was less in the re-search group than in the control group after treatment, according to the score of SADQ-H (χ2=8.926, P<0.05). The research group improved more in listening comprehension, repetition and name scores than those of the control group (t>5.707, P<0.001). Conclusion Music therapy helps to relief depression and improve speech in patients with PSD and basal ganglia aphasia.

Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of primary gastric malignant (lymphoma)(PGML).Methods The diagnosis and treatment data of 21 cases of PGML admitted in our(hospital) during 8 years was retrospectively analyzed.The diagnostic methods included barium meal(examination),gastroscopy,B type ultrasonography,and CT scan.All patients underwent operative treatment and most of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Results Upper abdominal pain,digestive tract bleeding,emaciation and abdominal mass were common clinical manifestations of PGML.The resectabilty rate of PGML was 90.5% while the 5-year survival rate was 57.1%.Conclusions The key to a satisfactory prognosis was early diagnosis,radical curative operation and combined treatment.

Objective To explore the effects of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in acute leukemia cell line HEL. Methods Tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis was measured by MTT assay and FACS analysis, respectively. Apoptosis- and cell cycle-associatd protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting assay. Results Bortezomib induced the suppression of tumor cell growth and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with an inhibitor concentration IC50 values 7.15 nmol/L in acute leukemia cell line HEL. Further combination treatment with doxorubicin or cytarabine increased tumor cell growth suppression in acute leukemia cell line, as compared to single drug treatment alone. Bortezomib caused an increase in G2/M in a time-dependent manner. Bortezomib alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents treatment increased the bax and p27 expression and decreased the bcl-2 expression even without influencing p53 expression levels. Conclusion Bortezomib may be an effective therapeutic drug for patients with acute leukemia. Combining bortezomib with doxorubicin might be more effective for displaying tumor cell growth inhibitor effects in acute leukemia cells through regulation of bcl-2, bax and p27 proteins and independent of p53 status.

Objective To study the effect and mechanisms of berberine (BBR) on the proliferation of papillary thyroid cancer K1 cells induced by high glucose.Methods K1 cells were cultured under 5.5 mmol/L or 25 mmol/L glucose condition with or without different concentration of BBR (0,10,40 and 80 μmol/L) for 24 hours.The proliferations of K1 cells in each condition were detected by MTT.Western blot was used to measure the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrt2),phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K),protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt).The distribution pattern of Nrf2 in K1 cells was determined using immunofluorescent staining.Results Compared with 5.5 mmol/L condition,the proliferation rate [(126.64 ± 5.41) ％ vs (87.31 ± 3.67) ％],expression levels of PI3K (0.425 ±0.019 vs 0.272 ±0.039),p-Akt/Akt (0.446 ±0.021 vs 0.168 ±0.035) and Nrf2 (0.597 ± 0.014 vs 0.308 ± 0.026),and Nrf2 distribution (93.0％ vs 23.1％) in nuclear of K 1 cells under 25 mmol/L condition were significantly elevated,respectively (all P ＜0.01).Addition of BBR in 25 mmol/L condition dose dependently (10,40,80 μmol/L) lowered the proliferation rate of K1 cells [(111.76 ± 4.10)％,(70.03 ±2.18)％,(32.41 ±3.76)％ vs (126.64 ±5.41)％,all P＜0.05],and suppressed the expression of PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,Nrf2,and Nrf2 nuclear distribution (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BBR dose dependently inhibited the proliferation of high glucose-induced K1 cells.This effect was associated with the suppression on of PI3K/Akt signaling activation,Nrf2 expression and its nuclear translocation.

Objective To explore and analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at different stages according to the China Liver Cancer Staging (CNLC) system. Methods The clinical records of outpatients with primary liver cancer treated by Professor Zhou Min were collected and entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (Version 2.50) to establish a database. Data mining methods such as frequency analysis, drug association analysis, and cluster analysis were employed, the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer the prescription patterns at different stages was explored and medication rules were analyzed according to Professor Zhou Min's experience in treating liver cancer at various CNLC stages. Results A total of 202 prescriptions from 113 patients with primary liver cancer were collected, involving 230 traditional Chinese medicines. The high-frequency drugs and drug combinations at each stage were identified. The drugs with higher frequencies at each stage included Fuling, Chenpi, Yiyiren, fried Baishu, and Fabanxia. For stage Ⅰ, high-frequency drugs also included Zhongjiefeng, Xiangfu, Jiangcan, and Jianghuang. For stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ, high-frequency drugs further encompassed Zhongjiefeng, Xianhecao, Banzhilian, Baihua Sheshecao, Jiangcan, Zeqi, Xiangfu, and Maidong. For stage Ⅳ, high-frequency drugs also include Maydis stigma, Huoxiang, fried Maiya, Jineijin, and fried Guya. The majority of the drugs were cold in nature, with sweet and bitter tastes being the most common, and their meridian tropism were mostly distributed in the spleen and stomach meridians. The drug combinations with higher frequencies at each stage were mostly derived from Sijunzi Decoction and Erchen Decoction. The drug efficacies were mainly heat-clearing and dampness-resolving. Cluster analysis screened out new prescriptions with unique characteristics at each stage. Conclusion By performing data mining on the prescriptions used by Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at various CNLC stages through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Platform, combined with his understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical experience of the disease, the pathogenesis characteristics of primary liver cancer are summarized as dampness-heat, phlegm, and toxin accumulation, as well as qi and yin deficiency. The basic treatment methods established are heat-clearing and dampness-resolving, spleen-invigorating and yin-nourishing, with an emphasis on strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors and stage-based treatment. Flexible prescriptions and medications are used for different complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antibiotic use in Shanghai Second and Third Class Hospitals. METHODS: The use of antibiotics in outpatients and inpatients in 10 third class hospitals and 13 second class hospitals were analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum, order of varieties. RESULTS: The proportion of antibiotic use in Shanghai second and third class hospitals showed a different degree of decrease. However, in terms of the number of prescriptions and consumption sum, the proportions of antibiotics used in outpatient department were significantly higher in second class hospitals than in third class hospitals. The proportion of antibiotic use in inpatients (both non-surgery and surgery ones) were still on the high side, most had a postoperative antibiotic using coure of 3 to 7 days. CONCLUSION: The proportion and duration of antibiotic use should be strictly under control to ensure safe, effective and economical use of antibiotics.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can efficiently inhibit gene expression by sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi). A common 5' leader sequence exists in the genomic RNA and all subgenomic RNAs of SARS-CoV, and is well conserved among various SARS-CoV strains, thus providing a preferable target for RNAi of SARS-CoV replication. Here efficient depletion of the SARS-CoV mRNAs by either a synthetic siRNA or DNA vector-derived short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the leader sequence in mammalian cell lines were reported. The siRNA or shRNAs efficiently suppressed the expression of an EGFP reporter gene which contains the leader sequence at the 5' end. Both the siRNA and shRNAs efficiently knocked down the levels of leader-containing transcripts of three SARS-CoV genes encoding the spike protein, membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein were demonstrated. The results suggest that RNAi targeting the leader sequence is a potential efficient strategy for anti-SARS-CoV therapy.

Objective To explore the correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with prostate volume and peak flow rate in aging staff men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 180 elderly patients were randomly enrolled. They were diagnosed with BPH by rectal touch and transected ultrasound from April 2008 to December 2008. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate volume (PV) as well as peak flow rate (QMAX)were analyzed respectively. Results IPSS were ( 9. 1 ± 0. 7 ) scores, ( 12. 1 ± 0. 7 ) scores and (14.0±1.3) scores in 60-69 years old group, 70-79 years old group and more than 80 years old group. PV were (40. 6±1.9) ml, (42. 4±1.9) ml and (48. 7±2.8) ml in corresponding groups, and PV was elevated along with aging (F= 5. 705, 2. 983, P＜0. 05). QMAX were ( 14.7 ± 0. 6) ml/s,(14.0±0. 5) ml/s and (12.6±0.9) ml/s, and QMAX was decreased along with aging (F=2. 131, P＞0. 05). Along with aggravation of LUTS, PV (ml) increased (39. 2±18. 1 vs. 45.7±16.9 vs. 47. 9± 16. 5) and QMAX (ml/s) decreased ( 15.0 ± 4.8 vs. 13. 5 ± 5.06 vs. 11.5 ± 4. 7, F= 3. 427, 4. 742, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The LUTS of patients with BPH is aggravated with aging, at the same time, the degree of LUTS increases with PV and decreases with QMAX. If get active treatment of drugs if available, they may improve their quality of life.