Objective To optimize the extract technology of Quyou Tincture with orthogonal design.Methods With the determination of peoniflorin and paeonol and the extraction rates as indexes,the extract conditions of Quyou Tincture was optimized by orthogonal design.Results The optimal preparation process of alcohol was as follows:adding 6 times alcohol(75%),immerse 24 hours and percolate with 1 mL/min.Conclusion The optimum extracting condition was simple,with a high extraction rate and low cost.

BACKGROUND: Utilizing tissue engineering technique, various gel systems are served as scaffolds to repair bone defect. The scaffolds should have features of nontoxic and no teratological effects to the body. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel on chromosomal pattern aberration in rabbits. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vivo material animal experiments were conducted at the Beijing Shijitan Hospital and Department of Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center from October 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 12 New Zealand rabbits, aged 2 months, with clean grade, were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group contains 4 female and 4 male rabbits, and the remaining 4 females were served as the control group. Sodium alginate dried powder were purchased from Sigma, USA, and the gelatin dried powder were supplied by Liidao Company, Hebei, China. METHODS: Following numbering, bone marrow was collected from 12 rabbits. Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated by the density gradient centrifugation, and then in vitro cultured with osteoblast inductor. Osteoblasts following passage were an order of magnitude of 10~7. Bright pink gelatiniform liquid with mass ratio of sodium alginate and gelatin at ratio of 2:3 was prepared. Rabbit osteoblasts with final concentration of 5×10~9/L were mixed with CaCb solution to form fruit jelly-shaped sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel. Critical-sized calvarial defects were created in diameter of 1.5 cm in 12 rabbits. After 1 week, cell/scaffold complex (0.5 mL) was implanted to repair the bone defect in the experimental group. There was no treatment in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The change of chromosomal pattern was observed at 3 months following reparation. RESULTS: No Chromosome somatotype aberration was found in 100 metaphases in the experimental group. From 400 metaphases of the control group, 4 abnormal cells were found, with 1% chromatid-type aberration ratio. Meantime, 12 abnormal cells in 800 metaphases of the control group were found, with 1.5% chromatid-type aberration ratio. The numerical value was within the normal range. Chromosome karyotype analysis: the chromosome number of each experimental rabbit was 2n=44, karyotype of the control rabbit was 44, XX, which was normal female; or 44, XY, normal male, no abnormal was found. The female rabbit in the experiment group was 44, XX, no abnormal was seen. CONCLUSION: From the cytogenetoxicity point of view, sodium alginate-gelatin/osteoblast gel is safe in repairing bone defects.

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate whether or not immediate breast reconstruction influences quality of life and patient body image satisfaction outcomes among Chinese women with breast cancer compared with modified radical mastecto-my. Methods:Sixty patients with breast cancer and were operated from July 2011 to July 2012 in Cancer Institute&Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were included. These patients were divided into two groups:Ⅰ(30 patients) underwent modified radical mastectomy andⅡ(30 patients) underwent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction. Pa-tient satisfaction with breast reconstruction was evaluated by functionally assessing cancer therapy-breast cancer scale (FACT-B) and the scales that we designed. Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of baseline characteris-tics, histopathological characteristics, and incision conditions (P>0.05). The patients in groupⅡ(immediate breast reconstruction) ex-hibited improved body image satisfaction outcomes (41.1 ± 10.8 vs. 33.2 ± 8.8, P=0.003);this difference was still observed after adjust-ment for confounding factors was performed by multiple linear regression. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of total FACT-B score and psychological evaluation score (P>0.05). Conclusion:Chinese women who prefer immediate breast reconstruction exhibited an improved body image satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for venous thromboembolism in elderly patients with lung cancer,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 869 elderly patients who were treated in our hospital from Mar.2010 to Mar.2014.And the venous thromboembolism and its related risk factors in elderly lung cancer patients were analyzed.Results 35 cases (4.35％) complicated with venous tbromboembolism.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adenocarcinoma,basic diseases,and D-dipolymer≥300 μg/L belonged to the independent risk factors for the complication of venous thromboembolism in elderly patients with lung cancer (OR=2.839,1.586 and 10.514,respectively,P=0.007,0.022 and 0.000).Conclusions The risk factors for the complication of venous thromboembolism should be monitored in the treatment of elderly patients with lung cancer.Early anticoagulation therapy should be performed to improve clinical effect and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of multidisciplinary cooperation model in the prevention of acquired dysphagia in ICU.Methods:A multidisciplinary team was set up to collect 118 patients in Neurosurgery ICU of our hospital as the research object. The patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group, 59 cases in each group. The control group implemented the routine nursing measures of ICU, and the experimental group implemented the multidisciplinary cooperative nursing mode. The incidence of ICU acquired swallowing disorders (ICU-ASD) and complications of the two groups were compared.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of swallowing dysfunction 24 hours after tracheal extubation ( P>0.05). The incidence of swallowing dysfunction 48 hours and 72 hours after tracheal extubation in the control group was 11.86% (7/59) and 16.95% (10/59) respectively, while the test group was 1.69% (1/59) and 3.39% (2/59) respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( χ 2values were 4.827 to 7.230, P< 0.05 or 0.01); the incidence of aspiration, aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition in the control group were 11.86% (7/59), 10.17% (6/59) and 8.47% (5/59), respectively, while the test group were 1.69% (1/59), 0 and 0, respectively, with statistically significant difference ( χ 2value was 4.827, P< 0.05). Conclusion:Multidisciplinary cooperation model can effectively prevent the incidence of ICU-ASD, and ultimately reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of different treatment in children with esophageal foreign bodies.Methods:This study collected 246 children with esophageal foreign bodies in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2020, which was divided into endoscopic group and operative group.The general and clinical data of children treated with different treatment were collected and statistical analyzed.Results:There were 222 children in endoscopic group and 24 children in operative group, respectively.The rate of surgery was 9.75%.There were no significant differences in gender and location of esophageal foreign bodies.However, the average age of operative group was(2.92±2.67) years, which significantly younger than that in endoscopic group(4.12±3.37)years( P=0.049). The residence time in operative group(median 29.10 h)was remarkable longer than that in operative group(median 11.80 h)( P<0.001). The proportion of sharpness(50.00%) and corrosive(45.83%) foreign bodies in operative group were more than those in endoscopic group[16.22% and 8.11%( P<0.001)]. Moreover, the occurrence rate of major complication in operative group was 83.33%, which was dramatically higher than that in endoscopic group(0.90%)( P<0.001). Conclusion:The younger and longer residence time of esophageal foreign bodies in children contribute to the rate of operative treatment.Additionally, the sharpness and corrosive foreign bodies increase the risk of surgery and serious complications.

Objective To evaluate ketamine-induced cerebral protection in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 26-30 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n=7),ketanine group (group K,n=7),TBI group (n=9) and TBI plus ketamine group (group TBI+K,n =9).TBI was produced with a pneumatically driven controlled cortical impact device.Ketamine 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at l h after operation in TBI+K and K groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in TBI and C groups.Open field test was conducted at 24 h,72 h and 7 days after operation.The animals in TBI and TBI+K groups were scanned by T1-weighted MRI at 6,24 and 72 h after operation,the animals in C and K groups were scanned by MRI at 24 h after operation,and the development of cerebral edema was observed.Results MRI scan showed no cerebral edema in C and K groups,and different degrees of cerebral edema were found in TBI and TBI+K groups.Compared with group C,the locomotor distance was significantly shortened at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI (P＜0.05).Compared with group TBI,the size of cerebral edema was significantly decreased,and the locomotor distance was prolonged at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI+K (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion MRI method further clarifies that ketamine can produce cerebral protection to some extent in mice with TBI.

Objective To analyze the complexity of molecular structure in porcine T cell receptor gene and its similarity compared to humans.Method Based on the gene of porcine T cell receptor alpha chain ( TCRα) from the Gen-Bank database, 93 swine T cell receptor alpha chain genes ( STA) were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph nodes and spleen.Result Sequence analysis showed that STA genes all contain a domain of variable signal peptide and V, hypervariable J and conservative C.Howev-er, nucleotide sequence of STA was not completely identical with only 68.4%to 98.7%homology among genes, and had extremely sophisticated polymorphism and diversity.This was accord with the genetic structure of TCRαchain.Molecular structure, genetic evolution and classification of these genes were carried out according to the homology of TCRαgene, which all have several sites and zones of mutation on the domain of signal peptide, FR1 and CDR1, FR2 and CDR2, FR3 and CDR3.Analysis of similarity and classification of TCRαV domain(STAV)and J domain (STAJ) of Hezuo minipig u-sing IMGT/V-QUEST tools compared with those of humans found the genetic evolution relationship that was closer, and each of TRAV and TRAJ also found to have a corresponding fragment of humans, ever in 92% of similarity of TRAV be-tween swine and humans.Conclusion Our results indicate that inbred Hezuo minipig possesses genetic diversity against complicated environment of microbes in healthy status, and Hezuo minipig is suitable as an animal model for research on human immunology and diseases.

Objective:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint(WIR)stress.The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5,15 and 30 min,and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress.Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059(1 mg/kg),a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor,1 h prior to WIR stress.Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate.DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1(AP-1)and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA).Mucosal TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis.The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index(UI)and pathological evaluation.Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method.Results:Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats.ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h.Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation,decreased AP-1 and NF-?B activities and TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression,and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions,accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis.Conclusion:The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Objective To understand the status quo of ICU nurses career situations and its influencing factors in Shandong province. Methods A total of 247 ICU nurses were investigated by questionnaires on career condition. Results The career condition score was 79.19 ± 11.63. In addition, statistical significances were revealed by occupational career questionnaire of ICU nurses in different aspect of the scores with age, gender, working years in the ICU, access years to ICU nurses specialist, whether to participate in career training. The scores of career condition and career identity ICU nurses were different, the 40-years-older group was higher than 31-40 years group (P=0.007, P=0.005). The dimension scores of male nurses organizational commitment was higher than that of female nurses(P=0.002). The scores of career condition whose ICU working life more than 16 years were higher than those of within 5 years(P=0.013). The career condition scores of the ICU nurses with access years of specialist qualifications 7-9 years was higher than those of within 3 years(P=0.011). Conclusions The career condition score of ICU clinical nurse specialists was at a medium level, it still needs to be further improved, managers should pay attention to the different levels of nurses to provide career training, in order to promote the professional development of critical care nurses.