Objective To study the current clinical application and advancement of microbioecological preparation.Methods Literatures about microbioecological preparation published in China and abroad were collected and reviewed.Results The microbioecological preparation has been widely used at present.It is used to rebuild a balanced microbial population in human body,particularly in intestinal,to promote the stability of internal environment,control dysbacteriosis and to treat a variety of gastrointestinal diseases associated with ectopic microbial population.Conclusion Although microbioecological preparation has been widely used in clinical settings,its effect yet should be further supported and evaluated both by large sample research in randomized double-blind control trails and evidence-based medicine.

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; genetics

There have been many methods to prepare fluoroquinolones-loaded sustained-release chitosan microspheres, including precipitation, emulsion crosslinking, spray-drying, and ionic gelation. Each of them has its own merits and disadvantages, but the mechanisms underlying drug delivery are basically similar. The prepared drug microspheres can enhance the capacity of anti-fluoroquinolones-resistant bacteria and are primarily used in the anti-inflammation and anti-infection. This paper introduces the preparation methods and sustained drug delivery mechanisms of fluoroquinolones-loaded sustained-release chitosan microspheres and investigates drug delivery characteristics and applications by analyzing, sorting, and summarizing related manuscripts published recently. Fluoroquinolones-loaded sustained-release chitosan microspheres show satisfactory sustained-release and anti-bacterial properties. Therefore, it is of important scientific research and clinical application significance to develop fluoroquinolones-loaded sustained-release nanometer-sized chitosan microspheres.

Chitosan microsphere containing fluoroquinolones is a kind of novel sustained-released antibacterial agent that possesses the antibacterial and bacteriostatic property of chitosan as well as bactericidal properties of fluoroquinolones. Loading fluoroquinolones in the chitosan microsphere can greatly enhance its antibacterial, bactericidal, anti-inflammation and anti-infection characteristics. This paper reviewes the recent study on different preparation methods of chitosan mierosphere containing fluoroqninolones and discusses its applications.

A co-words network for high frequency words was established using the title information of papers pub-lished in 22 medical journals from 2005 to 2013.The evolution of medical scientific research topics was analyzed with the visual analysis software NEViewer, which showed that medical research in China was focused on basic and application studies with the prevention and treatment of frequently encountered diseases and the associated technical methods as the two main directions, and that medical scientific research topics would remain their stable status in a rather long period.The hot medical topics were explained.

The people died from H5N1 avian influenza virus,which was diagnosed by serological test.The remarkable pathohistology change is as follows:thick and homogeneous things dyed red can be seen on the face of pulmonary alveoli;the alveolar septum become wider and there are a lot of inflammatory cells in the pulmonary alveoli.Above all,we think that the histology changes can provide evidence to help coroners identify people died from H5N1 avian influenza virus or not.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apoptcsis, expressions of VEGF and clinicopathological characteris- tics, and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Sixty-one surgical specimens of primary esophageal squa- mous cell carcinomas were examined for VEGF by immunohistochemical staining (S-P). Apoptcsis was determined by TUNEL (TdT media- ting dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) method. Clinicopathologic features were examined by histopathology. The prognostic impacts of these pa- rameters were analyzed by univariate and survival analysis. Results AI and VEGF were well correlated with differentiation, TNM stage. Lower tumor differentiation and higher TNM stage were related to decreasing AI and VEGF. In addition, VEGF in the groups of invasion be- yond muscularis and lymph node metastasis is significant higher than that in invasion reaching muacularis and no lymph node metastasis (P <0.01). But there were no significant correlation between AI and invasion( P>0.05). The simple-factor analysis results showed that the decrease of AI, VEGF, lymph node metastases, lower tumor differentiation, and invasion reaching muscularis were related to decrease of sur- vival rate. However, multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that only AI and VEGF were the significant prognostic factors. Conclusions Apoptosis and angiagenesis participate in ESCC and promote its growth. VEGF is related to angiogenesis of ESCC. The increase of VEGF may promote invasion and lymph node metastasis. AI and VEGF are significant prognostic factors in ESCC.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)parameters in differentiating musculoskeletal tumors with different behaviours of pathological findings before therapy.Methods:A total of 34 subjects of musculoskeletal tumors were in-volved in this retrospective analysis.DCE-MRI was performed using a fat-saturated 3 D VIBE (volumetric interpolated breath-hold exam)imaging sequence with following parameters:FA,10 degree;TR/TE, 5.6/2.4 ms;slice thickness,4.0 mm with no intersection gap;field of view,310 mm ×213 mm;ma-trix,256 ×178;voxel size,1 .2 mm ×1 .2 mm ×4.0 mm;parallel imaging acceleration factor.The ac-tuation time for the DCE-MRI sequence was 255 s with a temporal resolution of 5 s and 40 image vo-lumes.Using pathological results as a gold standard,tumors were divided into benign,borderline and malignant tumors.Toft’s model was used for calculation of Ktrans (volume transfer constant),Ve (extra-vascular extracellular space distribute volume per unit tissue volume)and Kep(microvascular permeability reflux constant).Those parameters were compared between the lesions and the control tissues using paired t-tests.The one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the difference among benign,border-line and malignant tumors.P values <0.05 difference was statistically significant.Results:Based on the WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone(2012)criteria,34 patients were divided into three groups:1 1 for benign tumors,12 for borderline tumors,and 1 1 for malignancies.Compared with control tissues,Ktrans and Kepshowed no difference,but Ve was increased in benign tumors,Kep showed no diffe-rence,butKtransandVewereincreasedinborderlinetumors, Ktrans,KepandVewereincreasedin malignant tumors.Ktrans(P<0.001 )and Kep (P<0.01 )were significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign and borderline tumors,but did not show any difference between benign tumors and border-line tumors.Ve was significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign (P<0.05),but did not show any difference between malignant and borderline tumors,benign tumors and borderline tumors (P >0.05 ).Conclusion:DCE-MRI technique is useful to evaluate the pathological behaviour of musculoske-letal tumors.The quantitative analysis of DCE parameters in conjunction with conventional MR images can improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal tumor qualitative analysis.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the mechanism of gambogenic acid (GNA) in inducing the apoptosis of melanoma B16 cells.

METHODThe inhibitory effect of GNA on the proliferation of B16 cells was measured by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effect of GNA on B16 cells was detected by the Hoechst 33258 staining. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra-structure changes of B16 cells. The changes in PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p-mTOR, PTEN proteins were detected by the Western blotting to discuss the molecular mechanism of GNA in inducing the apoptosis of B16 cells.

RESULTGNA showed a significant inhibitory effect in the growth and proliferation of melanoma B16 cells. The cell viability remarkably decreased with the increase of GNA concentration and the extension of the action time. The results of the Hoechst 33258 staining showed that cells processed with GNA demonstrated apparent apoptotic characteristics. Under the transmission electron microscope, B16 cells, after being treated with GNA, showed obvious morphological changes of apoptosis. The Western blot showed a time-dependent reduction in the p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions, with no change in p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression quantities. The p-mTOR protein expression decreased with the extension of time, where as the PTEN protein expression showed a time-dependent increase.

CONCLUSIONGNA could inhibit the proliferation of melanoma B16 cells and induce their apoptosis within certain time and concentration ranges. Its mechanism in inducing the cell apoptosis may be related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Terpenes ; pharmacology ; Xanthenes ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

Objective To detect the expression of heparanase (HPA) in cervical cancer cells and investigate the impact of quercetin on the expression of HPA,and the molecular mechanism that quercetin inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells.Methods The experimental groups included cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and Caski) exposed to different concentrations of quercetin (20,40 and 80 μmol/L) in the culture medium.The control groups included a negative control group,which was cultured with RPMI 1640 only,and a positive control group,in which cervical cancer cells were transfected with HPA small interference RNA (siRNA) to silence HPA expression.The cellular expression levels of HPA were detected with fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis at 24,48 and 72 hours after treatment.Results (1) HPA was significantly expressed in both cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and Caski),and it exists both nucleus and cytoplasm.(2)The real-time PCR shows as follows:as the quercetin concentration increased (20,40 and 80 μmol/L),the mRNA expression level of HPA decreased (P ＜0.01),in which the inhibition of HPA expression was concentration dependent.In addition,the inhibition of HPA expression was also time dependent.As time growth,the expression level of HPA mRNA (24,48 and 72 hours) in HeLa and Caski cells decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with negative control group,the expression level of HPA mRNA decreased in different concentrations of quercetin (40 and 80 μmol/L) in both HeLa and Caski cells (all P ＜ 0.05) ; Compared with positive control group,the expression level of HPA mRNA expressed no obvious difference in quercetin (80 μmol/L) group (P ＞ 0.05) in HeLa cells,while it was opposite in Caski cells(P ＜0.01).(3)The result of western blot shown that,as the quercetin concentration increased(20,40 and 80 μmol/L)and time growth (24,48 and 72 hours),the expression level of HPA protein decreased (P ＜ 0.01),and the inhibition of HPA protein expression was concentration and time dependent.Compared with negative control group,the expression level of HPA protein decreased in different concentrations of quercetin (40 and 80 μmol/L) in both HeLa and Caski cells (all P ＜ 0.05) ;Conpared with positive control group,the expression level of HPA protein expressed no obvious difference in quercetin (80 μmol/L) group (all P ＞ 0.05) in both HeLa cells and Caski cells (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Quercetin could inhibits the expression of HPA in cervical carcinoma cell lines,which inhibition is concentration and time dependent.