OBJECTIVETo establish social stress induced depression-like model in mice of C57BL/6 strain, and to assess its reliability using differenf behavioral methods.

METHODSTotally 20 male mice of C57BL/6 strain were divided into the normal group and the stress model group by random digit table,10 in each group. Another 10 CD1 mice were subjected to social stress. Mice in the normal control group received no stress, while those in the model group received social stress for 10 successive days. Behavioral assessment was performed using social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, tail suspension test (TST), respectively. Serum cortisol level was detected by ELISA to assess the reliability of the model.

RESULTSIn the social interaction test when the social target (CDI mice) was inexistent, mice in the normal control group spent longer time in the social interaction zone and less time in the corner zone (P < 0.05); mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group when CDI mice existed, mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the total times for entry into open arms, close arms, and the maze were obviously reduced (P < 0.05), and the proportion of entering open arms was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group. In TST, the motionless time within the last 4 mm was prolonged in the model group (P < 0.05). The serum cortisol level in the model group was obviously elevated (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSocial stress induced depression-like animal model in mice of C57BL/6 straineasquite reliable and possibly suitable to be used in integrative medicine research of combination of disease and syndrome model.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Injections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE:To put forward policy suggestions on the selection and revision of National Essential Drug List (NEDL) in China. METHODS: The selection principles, criteria and procedures of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Directory which was commonly regarded as Essential Drug List of Australia were analyzed to provide reference for the selection and revision of NEDL in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The selection and revision of NEDL which were strongly supported by related policies demand active participation of all social sectors, open and transparent working procedures, scientific and operational methods for selection and revision, authoritative monitoring and aftereffect evaluation system.

Objective To explore the effects of Huperzine A on memory in rats with repeated electroconvulsive stimulation. Methods 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into true electroconvulsive stimulation group (E group) and sham electroconvulsive stimulation group (C group). Then both groups were randomized to receive Huperzine A (EH group and CH group) or normal saline (ES group and CS group). There were 12 rats in each subgroup. Huperzine A or normal saline was administered during 1~17 d. During 8~17 d,true or sham electroconvulsive stimulation were administered. On the 18th d, the rats were tested in Morris water maze. Then 6 rats of each group were randomized to be taken for probe tests after 48 h. Memory test indexes include swimming speed, latency, and search time. Results There was no significant difference in the latency between CS group and CH group (P>0.05). The latency was significantly longer in ES group than in CS group (P<0.01), and shorter in EH group than in ES group (P<0.05). There were significant difference in the search time between around the hidden platform and in the opposite area in CS group, CH group and EH group (P<0.05). But there was no difference in ES group (P>0.05). Conclusion Chronic repetitive electroconvulsive stimulation can lead to spatial memory impairment in rats. Huperzine A may attenuate electroconvulsive stimulation induced amnesia.

Abstract?AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of photocoagulation alone or combined with intravitreal Bevacizumab for radiation retinopathy ( RR) .?METHODS: There were 43 patients ( 43 eyes ) with RR were collected at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yet-Sen University between Jan.2009 and Jan.2014.Twenty-one patients received the photocoagulation treatment combined with intravitreal bevacizumab and 22 patients received the treatment of photocoagulation alone.All the patients would complete ophthalmologic examinations, including best -corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography before and after the treatment.?RESULTS:BCVA:In monotherapy group, there were no statistically difference about BCVA before and after treatment ( P>0.05).In combined therapy group, the BCVA had been increasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment ( P <0.05 ). There was no significant difference about BCVA before and 1a after treatment ( P>0.05).In the comparison of BCVA in these two groups in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment, the combined therapy group were better than monotherapy group in each time point (P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was observed in these two groups at 1a after treatment (P>0.05).Central macular thickness (CMT):in monotherapy group, the CMT had been decreasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment ( P <0.05 ). There was no significant difference about CMT before and after 1a treatment ( P>0.05).In combined therapy group, the CMT had been decreasing gradually in 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment ( P<0.05 ). There was no significant difference about CMT before and 1a after treatment ( P>0.05).In the comparison of CMT between these two groups in the 2wk, 1, 3, 6mo after treatment, those of combined therapy group were thinner and difference were statistically significant ( P <0.05 ), but no statistically significant difference was observed in two groups at 1a after treatment (P>0.05).? CONCLUSION: Photocoagulation combined with intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of radiation retinopathy both have an effect on reducing the macular edema in a short time (6mo).But the long-term efficacy is poor.

Laboratory animals and animal experiments are foundations and important support conditions for life sciences, especially for medical research. The animal experiments have drawn extensive attention from the society because of the ethical issue. This paper takes Wenzhou Medical University as an example to give a brief introduction to the ethical review about laboratory animals in the university so as to further draw attention and concerns from the public about the ethical issue of laboratory animals. We successively introduce its scientific projects, nurturing environment and ethical review of laboratory animals.
Animal Experimentation ; ethics ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Universities

This study was purposed to investigate the correlation of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in peripheral blood of de novo multiple myeloma (MM) patients with clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. The clinical data of 34 de novo patients with MM in our hospital from January 2002 to August 2011 were analysed retrospectively. According to ALC, patients were divided into ALC < 1.3×10(9)/L (n = 15) group and ALC ≥ 1.3×10(9)/L (n = 19) group. The correlation of incipient ALC levels of de novo MM patients with clinical data such as sex, age, type of MM, bone destruction, clinical staging and grouping, levels of LDH, β(2)-MG, creatinine and albumin, as well as therapeutic efficacy was analysed. The results showed that ALC was (0.4 - 2.9)×10(9)/L (median ALC was 1.3×10(9)/L) in untreated patients. The effective rate of therapy was 20% in ALC < 1.3×10(9)/L group while it was 57.9% in ALC ≥ 1.3×10(9)/L group. There was statistical difference in effective rate between two groups (χ(2) = 4.9696, P < 0.05). Compared with the ALC ≥ 1.3×10(9)/L group, the percentage of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were reduced and the percentage of the CD8 increased (P < 0.05). But no significant differences were found in sex, age, type of MM, bone destruction, clinical staging and grouping, levels of LDH, β(2)-MG, creatinine and albumin in those patients (P > 0.05). It is concluded that ALC in de novo patients with MM may be used as the important indication for analysing therapy effect and prognosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the fourth ventricle tumors through lateral wall type of the transcerebellomedullary fissure approach under endoscope.Methods Clinical data of 14 cases with the fourth ventricle lesions were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were treated by lateral wall type of the transcerebellomedullary fissure approach surgery.The endoscope was used if the lesions develop to the aqueduct and hard to be exposed.Both neurophysiological monitoring and intraoperative ultrasound were used regularly.Results Tumors were totally removed in 12 cases,subtotally in 1,and partially in 1.All the patients were diagnosed in postoperative histopathology,including 4 medulloblastoma,three epidermoid cyst,two ependymoma,two hemangioblastoma,one meningioma,one cavernous hemangioma and 1 astrocytoma.Hypopnea occurred immediate after operation in 1 patient.Ventilatory support was performed by Ventilator,and the respiration was restored 1 day later.Normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation was return in all cases.Neither aggravation of preoperative symptoms nor nuclei injury related complication had been found.The follow-up interval between 3 months to 28 months,one patient was dead with unexplained,and 1 medulloblastoma patient was relapse.Conclusion Lateral wall type of the transeerebellomedullary fissure approach,under endoscope,combined with the usage of neurophysiological monitoring and intraoperative ultrasound,can degrade the surgical related complications such as facial palsy and amblyacousia.

BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates a series of physiological processes and it is considered to play important roles in the gene regulation of development, differentiation and metabolism. MC3T3-E1, C2C12 and C3H10T1/2 cells are able to differentiate into different celllineages, such as bone cells and muscle cells, and they can be used in the study of musculoskeletal diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To study the role of lncRNA in osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2.
METHODS:Osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1, C2C12 and C3H10T1/2 cells was induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2, and microarray expression profiling of lncRNA was undertaken in osteogenic differentiation. LncRNA simultaneous changes in three cells were found out. The siRNA interference of the lncRNA was used to study its effects on the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Real-time PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining were applied to detect osteogenesis related indicators.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteogenic differentiation indicators were increased, while myogenic differentiation indicator myogenin was reduced. LncRNA AK007000 was screened out to play a role in osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Knockdown of lncRNA AK007000 decreased the expression of osteogenic differentiation indicators, while increased the expression of myogenin. Therefore, AK007000 may play a role in promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting myogenic differentiation.