Root stem of Anemarrhena asPhodeloides was extracted with hot water,treated with ethanol and dilutealkali to temove protein. The polysaccharide thus obtained was given to mice by gastric gavage. Result showedthat the polysaccharide can marked1y lower the blood sugar and liver glycogen of mice without affecting bloodlipid level. When given intraperitoneally, it also showed hypoglycemic activity- For alloxan diabetic mice, thepolysaccharide can also markedly lower its b1ood sugar by gastric gavage.

OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of calcineurin gene polymorphism on the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA). METHODS:The blood samples of patients treated with CsA were collected. The trough blood concentration of CsA was detected by EMIT. The genotype of PPP3CA and PPP3CB was assayed by RFLP-PCR method. The expression of NFAT-regulated gene IL-2, IFN-γand GM-CSF were measured by RT-qPCR,which were used to define the index of indirect efficacy of CsA. The relationship of gene polymorphism with CsA efficacy was study by relationship analysis and multiple factor regression method,etc. RESULTS:A to-tal of 100 blood samples were collected. There was no significant correlation between the expression of CsA efficacy-related NFAT-reg-ulated gene GM-CSF and trough concentration of CsA(rGM-CSF=-0.04,P=0.238);the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ were negatively correlated with trough concentration of CsA significantly(rIL-2=-0.384 3,P<0.001;rIFN-γ=-0.335 4,P<0.001). Using the average value of mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γas indirect efficacy index,the polymorphism of PPP3CB rs3763679 site significantly in-fluenced the efficacy of CsA(P<0.05),but PPP3CA rs3804358 had no any effect on it(P>0.05). Stratified analysis showed that among patients with immune disease underwent renal transplantation,efficacy of patients with PPP3CB rs3763679 genovariation(TC+TT) were better than those with wild-type gene (CC)(P<0.05). After the efficacy was normalized by CsA trough concentration, multivariate analysis showed that normalized efficacy of CsA was negatively correlated with gender,PPP3CB rs3763679,lactate dehy-drogenase and creatinine significantly,but positively correlated with PPP3CA rs3804358,leucocyte count,usea nitrogen,glycerin trilaurate,etc. CONCLUSIONS:PPP3CB rs3763679 gene polymorphism influence the efficacy of CsA;among patients with immune disease underwent renal transplantation,efficacy of patients with PPP3CB rs3763679 TT+TC is better than that of CC type. At the same time,gender,PPP3CA rs3804358,leucocyte count,usea nitrogen,glycerin trilaurate and other factors all can influence the nor-malized efficacy of CsA to different extent. Multiple factors should be considered when using CsA.

In order to investigate whether Laribacter hongkongensis could be detected in stool samples of Rattus norvegicus in the wild,Rattus norvegicus were trapped alive in an urban community of Guangzhou,China over a period of one year from June 2015 to May 2016,and their stool samples were examined for the presence of L.hongkongensis strains.Isolates were identified based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis,and were examined for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents.Further typing of the isolates was performed using multi-loci sequence typing (MLST) analysis.A total of 191 R.norvegicus were trapped alive.L.hongkongensis was identified and successfully isolated from two samples,representing a prevalence of 1.05 ％.Although the two isolates possessed similar phenotypic characteristics and have no base difference of 16S rRNA gene,they constituted two new distinct sequence types (STs),ST-163 and ST-164.This is the first report that L.hongkongensis can be detected in the intestinal tract of R.norvegicus.Results suggest that R.norvegicus could serve as carriers of L.hongkongensis and therefore could be another potential source of infection.

This review provides an overview of the pharmacology mechanism of sildenafil. The efficacy and safety of the medicine are briefly summarized. The special conclusion was made for the usage of sildenafil to the particular patients such as those with hypertension or those taking any antihypertensive agent, with cardiovascular disease, with diabetes, with spinal cord injury, after radical prostatectomy and on chronic dialysis. In general, sildenafil is effective and safe for various ED patients.
Antihypertensive Agents ; adverse effects ; Diabetes Complications ; Drug Interactions ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Heart Diseases ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Purines ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Sulfones

AIM:To explore the feasibility of inducing mouse embryonic stem cells into neural stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Embryonic body induced by retinoic acid and retinal m?ller cells were selected in neural stem cell-defined medium for 7 days, and the morphological changes were observed. The selected cells were stained immunocytochemically with anti-nestin, anti-BrdU antibodies, and their ability of expansion and differentiation were analyzed. RESULTS:Large amounts of neurospheres were derived from embryonic body in the selected medium on the 7th day, which could be passaged and differentiated, stained positive with nestin and BrdU, and expressed nestin, glutaminase and Brn-3 genes. CONCLUSION:Neural stem cells could be derived from embryonic body induced by RA and m?ller cells in the selected medium, which would offer an alternative to treat neuropathy such as glaucoma and retinal degeneration in the future.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the combined treatment model for Wilms'tumor and to improve treatment results.Methods Fifty-five patients diagnosed with Wilms' tumor between July 1981 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Eighteen patients were diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy,and 53 patients were confirmed by postoperative pathology results.Seven cases were in clinical stage Ⅰ,19 cases in clinical stage Ⅱ,21 cases in stage Ⅲ,six cases in stage Ⅳ and two cases in stage Ⅴ.Thirty-five cases had histopathological subtype,30 cases had the favorable type,and five cases had the unfavorable type.Among the 55 patients,kidney tumor resection was performed on 48 cases,wide edge partial nephrectomy was performed on two cases,tumor enucleation was performed on one bilateral renal tumor case,kidney tumor resection with pulmonary metastasectomy was performed on two cases,and two cases had no surgical procedures.Eighteen cases received preoperative chemotherapy,40 cases received postoperative chemotherapy,and 12 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.Patients were grouped according to age,stage,histological type,treatment model,treatment course and whether or not they had radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used in the evaluation and comparison of over survival (OS),disease free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) of the different groups to reveal the relationship between different grouping factors with the prognosis of Wilms' tumor. ResultsThe median of follow-up was 34 mon ( ranging from 3 to 355 mon).The 3-year OS,5-year OS and 2-year DFS were 77.6％,69.0％ and 52.4％,respectively.The differences of OS in different stages ( P =0.006 ),DFS between pure operation group and combined therapy group ( P =0.004 ) and RFS between radiotherapy group and no radiotherapy group ( P =0.03 ) were significant,P ＜ 0.05.ConclusionsThe normative multi-disciplinary treatment model for patients with Wilms' tumor can achieve good results and is well tolerated.

The aim of this study was to clarify characteristics of cardiovascular malformation in patients associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by using dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) angiography. We retrospectively analyzed DSCT angiography of 99 consecutive patients with TOF. In addition to typical CT features of TOF in all patients, the DSCT angiography showed 27 cases (27.27%) of atrial septal defect, 14 cases (14.14%) of patents ductus arteriosus, 11 cases (11.11%) of bicuspid pulmonary valve, 18 cases (18.18%) of congenital coronary artery malformation, 22 cases (22.22%) of right aortic arch, 12 cases (12.12%) of persistent left superior vena cava, 8 cases (8.08%) of retro-aortic innominate vein and 9 cases (9.09%) of pulmonary venous anomalous. DSCT is capable of displaying anatomical characteristics of cardiovascular malformation in patients with TOF.
Angiography ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the intensive atorvastatin therapy on B7-H4 in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with unstable angina PCI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods 80 patients with unstable angina were randomized to pretreatment with intensive dose (80 mg/day ,n = 40) and conventional dose(20 mg/day,n=40)of atorvastatin. Peripheral blood were subsequently obtained prior to PCI,and 18 ~ 24 h after PCI. Peripheral blood serum level of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure levels of periph-eral blood monocytes B7-H4 mRNA. Results Levels of IL-10 ,sB7-H4 and B7-H4 mRNA increased in patients of both groups after PCI. The increase in intensive dose group is more significant (P < 0.05). IL-4 and IFN-γ decreased in patients of both groups after PCI. The decrease in intensive dose group is more significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Intensive dose atorvastatin treatment improve post-PCI immune inflammation in patients with unstable angina,possibly by promoting the expression of B7-H4 in peripheral blood monocytes.

Objective To use hemin as a catalyst in the formation of disulfide bonds in the synthesis of linaclotide. Methods The linaclotide peptide was synthesized by the standard 9-fluorenylmethyl(Fmoc)solid-phase synthetic strategy. Wang resin and Trt-protected cysteine were used in the synthesis. Hemin was used in random oxidation of line linaclotide. The result was compared with those of air,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),and I2 oxidation systems. Results and Conclusion Hemin is a highly effective catalyst for disulfide bond formation in linaclotide synthesis. It overcomes some disadvantages in oxidation reactions with conventional oxidative re-agents,and supplies a convenient way for the synthesis of peptide with concentrated disulfide bonds.

Objective To establish the paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer cell(HGC-27/PTX) and to investigate the changes of characteristics before and after resistance,as well as the possible resistant mechanisms.Methods The paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer cell HGC-27/PTX was established by increasing paclitaxel dose gradually and intermittently.The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) and cell cycle were determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways were analyzed using RNAseq.Results The establishment of HGC-27/PTX cells lasted 9 months,and the sensitivity of paclitaxel of HGC-27/PTX cells was significantly lower than parental cells (P<0.05).Compared to parental cells,the morphology of HGC-27/PTX cells was slightly different,and the proportion of S and G2/M phase was obviously increased (P<0.01).A total of 274 DEGs were identified between the resistant and parental cells with 130 genes up-regulated and 144 genes down-regulated.DEGs were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction(P<0.001) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways (P<0.05),which could provide evidences for reversing paclitaxel resistance.Conclusions The paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer cells HGC-27/PTX was established with stable culturein vitro,which provides an ideal model for future study on the mechanism of drug resistance.