Objective To assess the efficacy of different types of thymectomy for the treatment of myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods A retrospective analysis on 269 cases of MG,who were treated in our hospital from 1991 to 2006 by transsternal thymectomy(January 1991 to May 2002,n=161),thoracoscopic thymectomy(February 2002 to July 2005,n=67),or video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy(VATET,February 2005 to November 2006,n=41).Results The mean operation time of the transsternal group was significantly shorter than that in the other groups [transsternal group vs thoracoscopic and VATET groups:(97.5?17.5)min vs(130.3?31.5)min(q=12.991,P

Angelica ; chemistry ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Count ; Female ; Fetal Hypoxia ; pathology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Neuroglia ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This paper explored the educational reform of dispensing Chinese drugherbs. The education reform included implementing the project of teaching methods, implementing modern experimental methods, cultivating comprehensive quality of students, training students' creative thinking, and stimulating the initiative of students. All these strategies could improve the quality of teaching and make students' comprehensive abilities meet the demand.

Objective To study the changes of motor cortex in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)while executing sequential finger tapping movement by using blood oxygenation level dependent(BOLD)functional MRI.Methods Fifteen patients with definite or probable ALS and 15 age and gender matched normal controls were enrolled in the BOLD study,and all the subjects were right-handed with no other diseases or any recent medication history.A 3.0 T MR scanner was employed and gradient echo EPI(GRE-EPI)sequence was used to acquire the functional images.Subjects executed sequential finger tapping movement at a frequency of 1-2 Hz during a block design task.fMRI data were analyzed by using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)2.Volume of activated brain areas was compared with the use of a Student's t-test.Results Bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex(PSM),bilateral posterior aspect of premotor area(PA),bilateral supplementary motor area(SMA),contralateral inferior lateral premotor area (ILPA),bilateral parietal region(PAR),and ipsilateral cerebellum showed activation in both ALS patients and normal controls when executing the same motor task.The activation areas in bilateral PSM and bilateral posterior aspect of PA(right hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(924.5±141.1)mm3,control(829.9±98.4)mm3,P=0.05;right hand contralateral activation:ALS(9143.8±702.8)mm3,control(8638.8±506.4)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(1162.5±357.4)mm3,control(902.5±184.2)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand contralateral activation:ALS(8255.2±870.2)mm3,control (5934.6±616.4)mm3,P＜0.05),bilateral SMA(right hand bilateral activation:ALS(6564.3±720.6)mm3,control(4710.7±416.3)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand bilateral activation:ALS(6970.5±961.8)mm3,control(3688.9±672.3)mm3,P＜0.05),and ipsilateral cerebellum(right hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(2720.0±1154.2)mm3,control(254.3±84.4)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(4794.4±1237.0)mm3,control(1689.0±719.6)mm3,P＜0.05)were significantly larger in ALS patients than in normal controls.Extra activation areas including ipsilateral ILPA,contralateral cerebellum and bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule were only detected in ALS patients.Conclusions Similar activation areas were seen in both groups while executing the same motor task,but the activated areas were more prominent in ALS group.The increased activation areas in ALS patients may represent neural reorganization.while the extra activation areas in ALS patients may indicate functional compensation.

Survivin gene is the strongest inhibitor of apoptosis so far.Recently,it was found that the promoter polymorphism of survivin gene is closely related to risk of cancer and genetic susceptibility.This finding might provide clues for further elucidation of the correlation of risk of cancer and genetic polymorphism,and for diagnosis,prevention and screening of cancer gene.

Objective To clarify the role of B7-H1 in the immune privilege after corneal transplantation in homogeneity variant mice.Methods We established the experimental animal model of allograft mice by using C57BL/6 mouse as donor and Balb/c mouse as recipient.We allocaated the mice with long time survival (＞50 days) corneal graft into survival group,mice with rejection occurring in 50 days into rejection group,and normal C57BL/6 mice into control group.The transplanted corneal grafts were obtained for future reference at the 8th week after transplantation in survival group,and the time of rejection in rejection group.The expression of B7-H1 mRNA was detected by using immunohistochemistry and real time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR),and the relationship between B7-H1 and the immune privilege after corneal transplantation was analyzed. Results The B7 H1 mRNA was highly expressed in epithelium and endothelium of corneal grafts both in survival and control group,in comparison to an obviously lower expression in rejection group.The relative expression level of B7-H1 mRNA was 200.0 ± 11.5 in survival group,44.7 ± 10.8 in control group,and 6.9 ± 12.0 in rejection group,respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups (F=241.164,P＜0.01 ).The was a significant correlation between the level of B7-H1 mRNA and occurrence rate of rejection in corneal graft (P＜0.01 ).Conclusion The results suggest that the immune privilege after corneal transplantation might be mediated by B7-H1,which plays an important role in maintaining the state of corneal immune privilege.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI),total body fat (TBF),body fat distribution,and dyslipidemia in the elderly.Methods A total of 395 healthy elderly people who had annual examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were consecutively enrolled from October 2013 to March 2014.Body weight (BW),TBF,abdominal fat (AF),visceral fat (VF),visceral fat area (VFA) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured with multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis.Serum triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured at the same time.The relationship between BMI,TBF,body fat distribution,and dyslipidemia were analyzed.Results The incidences of obesity (17.8％ vs.9.6％,P=0.036),overweight (49.6％ vs.30.4％,P=0.000) and dyslipidemia (67.0％ vs.44.8％,P =0.000) in male were significantly higher than those in female;while female showed a significantly higher percentage of TBF (60.0％ vs.41.1％,P =0.001).TC was positively correlated with TBF (P =0.020),AF (P =0.018),VF (P =0.015) and VFA (P =0.017);TG was positively correlated with BMI (P =0.000),TBF (P=0.000),WHR (P=0.000),AF (P=0.000),VF (P=0.000) and VFA (P=0.000);LDL-C was positively correlated with BMI (P =0.049),TBF (P =0.005),AF (P =0.004),VF (P =0.003) and VFA (P =0.004);while HDL-C was negatively correlated with BMI (P =0.000),TBF (P=0.020),WHR (P=0.000),AF (P=0.021),VF (P=0.024) and VFA (P=0.022).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the predictive curves of BMI,TBF,WHR,AF,VF and VFA were above the reference line.TBF (P =0.000),WHR (P =0.000),AF (P =0.000),VF (P =0.000),VFA (P =0.000),TG (P =0.000) and LDL-C (female:P =0.021) in obesity/overweight group were significantly higher than those in normal weight group.Conclusion Obesity/overweight,high TBF and large WHR may increase the risk of dyslipidemia in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE Identify the effect of Brandt-Daroff exercises for positional vertigo with atypical positioning nystagmus.METHODS 11 cases of positional vertigo during 2006～2007 with atypical positioning nystagmus when carrying Dix-Hallpike and roll test,the nystagmus had the follwing characters:poly-positions,atypical direction,long lasting(more than 3 mins),no fatigue.After ruling out centrul neural system disorders,the patients were instructed to do Brandt-Daroff exercises 2-3 times/day,and 6-10 times every time.RESULTS After doing the exercises for 3-4 days,the vertigo of all the 11 cases were all relieved.After 1-2 weeks,10 cases were cured,syptom of the other 1 was relieved significantly,and the nystagmus was alleviated.CONCLUSION Cases with atypical positioning nystagmus may present a different kind of BPPV related with the otolith and vestibular nerve disease.Brandt-Daroff exercises was a good method for the atypical positioning nystagmus cases.

Objective To understand the current situation and the main influencing factors of hospital staffs' scientific research work in a affiliated hospital of Xinjiang,so as to provide the basis for improving awareness and level of scientific research of hospital staffs.Methods Survey using stratified random sampling method,using self-questionnaire research capacity factors questionnaire, to investigate the status of project leaders' research capacity in a affiliated hospital of Xinjiang.Using frequencies and relative number described ability to research,using x2 to compare research level among the various metrics.Scientific research levels' multivariate analysis using Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis.Results regarding of scientific research,low level of 14 people,accounting for 4.9％,the middle level of 158 people,accounting for 55％,a high level of 115 people,accounting for 40.1％.Univariate analysis showed that age,length of service,education level,job title,whether master instructor it is,the research team,the situation of foreign training and learning opportunities,foreign academic session (times),support from leadership and family,non-working time for research,the total research funding (ten thousands yuan),discipline level have impact on the level of scientific research work.Ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that age,length of service,educational level,whether master instructor it is,the total research funding (ten thousands yuan),discipline level are the main factors on level of scientific research work.Conclusions The scientific research level needs to be further improved,the level of scientific research is affected by many factors.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of TCM Granules of the detoxification and dissipation blood stasis formula Ⅱon fulminant hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in rats with hepatic failure.METHODS:The fulminant hepatic failure rat models were established by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide (TAA).48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:blank control group,model group,low dose group,medium dose group,high dose group,the lactulose treatment group,and the "Bezoar pill for resurrection" treatment group.Intragastric administration was executed 3 d before model-making,twice per day with the interval of 12 hours.They were administered for 11times.12 hours after model establishment.MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH、NO and liver necrosis area in hepatic mitochondria were determined.RESULTS:The detoxification and dissipation blood stasis formula Ⅱcould notably reduce liver necrosis area and restrain produce of hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidatide MDA,retrieve the activity of SOD、CAT and increase the content of GSH,NO.Moreover it shows dose-effect relation.Compared with model group,there is statistical significance(P