Objective To discussing the methods used in creating non linear developable biomechanical models of skeletal muscle.Methods One of the basic tools of the analytical approach in analytical mechanics, the principle of virtual work for deformable systems, was used to create the model. By means of method of Lagrange multipliers, the problems of constraints, such as the incompressibility of skeletal muscle, were effectively tackled. Results and Conclusion The biomechanical models of skeletal muscle has been developed. The program of this model can be used to obtain nodal displacement coordinates of given nodal coordinates and parameters.

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Normal Distribution ; Textiles

Objective:Concentrated growth factors (CGF),a new generation of platelet concentrate products,appears to have more abundant growth factors because of its special centrifugation process.However,there are few studies supporting this.This study was designed to evaluate the effect of CGFs in the treatment of Ⅱ ° furcations of mandibular molars.Methods:In the present study,thirty-one Ⅱ ° furcation involvements in twenty mandiblular molars were included and randomly divided into two groups.The furcation involvements in the experimental group were treated with bone graft therapy combined with CGFs,and the furcation involvements in the control group were treated with bone graft therapy alone.The clinical examination and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed at baseline and 1 year post-surgery for the two groups.The changes of clinical and CBCT data at baseline and 1 year postsurgery were compared between the experimental group and the control group.Results:At baseline,there were no significant differences between the two groups in the probing depth (PD),vertical clinical attachment loss (CAL-V) and horizontal clinical attachment loss (CAL-H):PD (7.36 ± 2.32) mm (the experimental group) vs.(7.53 ±2.06) mm (the control group);CAL-V (8.69 ± 1.65) mm (the experimental group) vs.(8.81 ±1.53) mm (the control group);CAL-H (5.24 ±2.01) mm (the experimental group) vs.(5.35 ±2.14) mm (the control group).At the end of 1 year post-surgery,the clinical parameters of both groups were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.001).For the experimental group,the average vertical attachment gain was (2.78 ± 1.66) mm,and the vertical attachment loss was improved significantly compared with the baseline (P ＜ 0.001);the average horizontal attachment gain was (2.10 ± 1.89) mm,and the horizontal attachment loss were improved significantly compared with the baseline (P ＜ 0.001).Furthermore,the improvement degree of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.001).At baseline,there were no statistical differences in the vertical bone loss (BL-V) or horizontal bone loss (BL-H) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05):BL-V (5.08 ± 2.17) mm (the experimental group) vs.(5.84 ± 2.65) mm (the control group);BL-H (5.85 ±2.13) mm (the experimental group) vs.(6.01 ±2.27) mm (the control group).At 1 year post-surgery,both groups showed significant radiographic bone gain at vertical and horizontal directions compared with baseline (P ＜ 0.001).For the experimental group,the average vertical radiographic bone gain was (2.20 ± 1.98) mm,the horizontal radiographic bone gain was (2.51 ±2.18) mm,the vertical and horizontal radiographic bone loss were both significantly reduced compared with the baseline (P ＜ 0.001).For the control group,the average vertical radiographic bone gain was (1.89 ± 2.15) mm,the horizontal radiographic bone gain was (1.30 ± 2.47) mm,the vertical and horizontal radiographic bone losses were both significantly reduced compared with the baseline (P ＜ 0.001).And the experimental group showed significantly higher bone gain at vertical and horizontal directions compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion:Within the limitation of the present study,CGFs showed positive role in the treatment of Ⅱ° furcation involvements of mandibular molars.

β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from 6 different regions were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and sequenced, then the correlationship between β-AS SNP and regions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were determined. According to the 1 coding single nucleotide polymorphism on the first exon of β-AS gene at 94 bp site, Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be divided into 3 genotypes. In these genotypes, the percentage of 94A type in genuine regions was much higher, and it had significant differences with the percentage in non-genuine regions (P < 0.001). The results of the experiment proved that different β-AS genotypes at 94 bp site from different regions may be one of the important reasons to result in the genuineness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.
Exons ; Genotype ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Intramolecular Transferases ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational

Objective To study on the effects of Huaweishu granule on cisplatin-induced Beagle dog vomiting models and its mechanism.Methods Cisplatin-induced Beagle dog vomiting models were adopted as research object.The changes of vomiting frequency,latency,serum motilin content in the medulla oblongata and ileum,5-HT and substance P content of these models after using Hua weishu Granule were observed.Results ① Latent period of vomiting of the model group was (60.8±37.1)min; while this period was (137.3± 53.4)min,(122.8 ± 50.7) min,(l16.8±44.6)min,in the Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group respectively,all showing a statistic difference than the model group (P＜0.05).②Frequency of vomiting in the model group was (270.3±51.8),while this frequence was (111.5±45.0) and (149.5±26.8) in Huawei-shu low and medium dose group respectively; ③ serum motilin in the model group was (0.354±0.098)ng/ml,while serum motilin in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (0.230±0.074) ng/ml,(0.235± 0.071) ng/ml,and (0.245± 0.062)ng/ml respectively,all lower than the model group (P＜ 0.05).④ Medulla oblongata 5-HT in the model group was (2.028 ±0.198)ng/ml,while medulla oblongata 5-HT in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (1.620±0.329)ng/ml,(1.194±0.386)ng/ml,and (1.269 ± 0.251) ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group (P＜0.05); ileum 5-HT in the model group was (1.634± 0.221)ng/ml,while ileum 5-HT in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (1.108±0.291)ng/ml,(1.194±0.386)ng/ml,and (1.269 ± 0.251) ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group(P＜0.05) ;⑤ ileal substance P content of the model group was (0.356±0.063)ng/ml,while ildeal P content in Huawei-shu low dose group was (0.274±0.064)ng/ml,lower than the model group than(P＜0.05).The medullary substance P content was (0.432±0.021)ng/ml in the model group,while medullary P content in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (0.370±0.040) ng/ml,(0.385±0.029) ng/ml,and (0.386± 0.041)ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Huawei-shu granule can prevent cisplatin-induced Beagle vomiting.

Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; genetics ; Humans

Lactobacillus casei was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for the development of oral vaccine to express recombinant LTB and porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein. The fusion protein gene encoding PPV VP2 protein and LTB, was cloned into the surface expression vector pPG, and then the recombinant expression vector pPG-VP2-LTB was electrotransformed into Lactobacillus casei 393, generating recombinant strain pPG-VP2-LTB/L. casei 393. After induced by 2% Lactose in MRS broth, an about 78 kD protein was detected in the recombinant Lactobacillus casei by SDS-PAGE. The result of Western blot indicated that the protein possessed the antigenic specificity same as the native virus protein. The result of the whole bacteria cell ELISA indicated that the LTB protein was expressed at the same time. The results of indirect immunofluorescence test and immuno-gold electron microscopy showed that the interest protein was expressed on the surface of L. casei 393. The results provide potential for the development of lactic acid bacteria oral vaccine of PPV, which used LTB as mucosal adjuvant.

Objective To evaluate the surgical approaches, surgical timing and materials for cranial defect repair in children. Methods From the year 2002 to 2006, 4 children with cranial defect received cranial reconstruction using absorbable poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) material and hydroxyapatite. Results The 3-year follow-up showed that the cranial defect was successfully repaired using the absorbable material in 3 patients and failure of repair occurred in 1 patient. Conclusion Cranial defect in children can be effectively repaired using absorbable materials and hydroxyapatite without obviously affecting the skull development. This approach provides an important option for cranial defect repair in children.

Tyrosol, crenulatin and salidroside are the main active constituents of Rhodiola crenulata, with extensive pharmacological activities. In the study, grams of high purity tyrosol, crenulatin and salidroside were simultaneously separated from R. crenulata by the first time. Firstly, R. crenulata was extracted by 70% alcohol. Then, with the yields of three compounds as the index, the macroporous resin was optimized. At last, grams of high purity tyrosol, crenulatin and salidroside were isolated by D-101 macroporousresin, purified by column chromatography. Detected by HPLC, the purity of three compounds were higher than 98%. This method has the advantages of simple process and operation, less dosage of organic solvent, highly yield and reproducibility, suitable for the simultaneously preparation of tyrosol, crenulatin and salidroside.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Phenols ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine whether Betahistine mesilate is effective in treating tinnitus.

METHODSRandomized, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial was used in our study. The study group consisted of 60 adult patients who consulted our outpatient clinic complaining of subjective tinnitus, excluded objective tinnitus and the patients who had tinnitus caused by obvious diseases, such as outer and middle ear diseases. Thirty patients were given Betahistine mesilate and Flunarizine Hydrochloride as an experimental group, 30 patients were given Vitamin B6 and Flunarizine Hydrochloride as a control group. After a week of treatment the efficacy of the medicines in two groups was observed. Tinnitus questionnaire was performed before the treatment, and pure tone audiogram, tinnitus pitch and loudness matching were performed both in the beginning and at the end of the treatment.

RESULTSCompletion of treatment, tinnitus loudness matching assessment showed that the efficacy of the Betahistine mesilate group was better then the control group. The efficacy of treatment was respectively 65.5% by per protocol (PP) and 63.3% by intend to treat (ITT) in the Betahistine mesilate group and 39.3% by PP and 36.7% by ITT in the control group. The difference of tinnitus loudness improvement rate between the experimental group and control group was statistically significant. But the subjective tinnitus improvement rate showed no difference between two groups. There were not serious side effects in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSBetahistine mesilate can be a choice for tinnitus treatment clinically. Further studies of larger series and placebo-controlled trial are needed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Betahistine ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Flunarizine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult