Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans

Objective To investigate the expression of neuronal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and its significance after cerebral isehemia reperfusion in diabetic rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, normal glucose with cerebral ischemia and diabetes with cerebral ischemia groups. Each group was redivided into ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h subgroups according to the different time points of ischemia reperfusion (n = 6 in each subgroup). Streptozocin was used to induce diabetes, and a global cerebral ischemia model of diabetic rat was established by the bilateral vascular occlusion combining with bloodletting, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to observe neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hippocampal CA4 region. Results The incidences of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA4 region for ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0. 05); the expressions of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at all time points in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were higher, and reperfusion 1 and 3 h were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0.01). Conclusions ERK1/2 might involved in the mechanism of neuronal injury after diabetes aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To explore whether arsenic trioxide(As2O3)-induced apopotosis in drug-resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells may induce in through endoplasmic reticulum stress leukemia cell apopotosis.Methods The apoptosis of K562/ADM cells was identified by double staining of FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide(PI),the ultrastructure of the cells,endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Flow cytometry(FCM) was employed to assess mitochondrial inner membrane potential(??m),intracellular calcium concentration,cytochrome c(Cyt c) release and caspase-3 activity.The expression of GRP78 protein was analyzed by Western blot.Results During the apoptotic process of K562/ADM cells induced with 2 ?mol/L and 5 ?mol/L As2O3,the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited obvious expansion and degranulation,and the mitochondria illustrated inner and outer membranes fusion,reduced and confused cristae,swelling and vacuolization.The mitochondrial ??m decreased,the intracellular calcium concentration and releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria increased,and caspase-3 was activated.Western blot result indicated upregulation of GRP78 protein at endoplas-mic reticulum in apopototic K562/ADM cells.Conclusion As2O3 can initiate the endoplasmic reticulum stress in K562/ADM cells,and induces to apoptosis of the drug-resistant cell via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial pathway.

Objective To explore the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetic rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Diabetic rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) and then global cerebral ischemia model was induced by bilateral clamping of the carotid arterial plus hypotension by withdrawing blood. Apoptosis of neuron and expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2)were observed in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetes operation groups (DCI) and normoglycemia operation groups (NCI) by TUNEL,immunohistochemistry at 15 min after ischemia and at 1 h after reperfusion. Results Compare with the NCI,neuronal apoptosis of DCI was significantly higher at each time point of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the hippocampus CA4 (P

Objective To explore the influence of Akt inhibitor MK2206 in the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells,and to clarify the possible mechanism.Methods The tongue squamous carcinoma TCA-8113 cells at the logarithmic phase were randomly divided into control group and 1,5,25,125, 250 nmol·L-1 MK2206 groups.The inhibitory rate of proliferation of TCA-8113 cells was detected with MTT method,and the apoptotic rate of TCA-8113 cells was determined with flow cytometry(FCM),and the expressions of caspase-9,Bad,GSK-3β,p-Akt and T-Akt proteins in the TCA-8113 cells were detected with Western blotting method.Results The IC50 of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells after treated with MK2206 for 12, 24,and 36 h were (112.54±1.67),(79.67±2.01),and (33.33±1.98)nmol·L-1 .The FCM results showed that the apoptotic rates of TCA-8113 cells after treated with 1,5,25,125,and 250 nmol·L-1 MK2206 for 12 h were (14.2±0.74)%,(19.3±0.45)%,(35.1±0.45)%,(39.6±0.48)% and (52.1±0.19)%;there were significant differences compared with control group(P<0.01).The Western blotting method results showed that the expressions of p-Akt, Bad and GSK-3βwere decreased with the increasing of dose and time of MK2206;compared with theβ-actin in control group,the bands got darken;the expression level of caspase-9 was increased, compared with theβ-actin in control group, the bands got darken;the T-Akt protein expression did not change significantly;compared with the β-actin in control group, the color of bands had no significant difference.Conclusion Akt inhibitor MK2206 can inhibit the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells and induce apoptosis.

This study was performed to prepare immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase, then optimize and compare the process conditions for conversion of icariin. Immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase were prepared using crosslink-embedding method. The best conditions of the preparation process were optimized by single factor analysis and the properties of immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase were investigated. The reaction conditions including temperature, pH, substrate ratio, substrate concentration, reaction time and reusing times of the conversion of icariin using immobilized β-glucosidase or snailase were optimized. Immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase exhibited better heat stabilities and could remain about 60% activity after storage at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks. The optimized conditions for the conversion of icariin were as follows, the temperature of 50 degrees C, pH of 5.0, enzyme and substrate ratio of 1 : 1, substrate concentration of 0.1 mg x mL(-1), reaction time of 6 h for β-glucosidase and 2 h for snailase, respectively. In 5 experiments, the average conversion ratio of immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase was 70.76% and 74.97%. The results suggest an effect of promoted stabilities, prolonged lifetimes in both β-glucosidase and snailase after immobilization. The immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase exhibited a higher conversion rate and reusability compared to the free β-glucosidase and snailase. Moreover, the conversion rate of immobilized snailase was higher than that of immobilized β-glucosidase. The process of icariin conversion using immobilized β-glucosidase and snailase was moderate and feasible, which suggests that immobilized enzymes may hold a promise for industrial usage.
Enzymes, Immobilized ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Temperature ; beta-Glucosidase ; chemistry

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combining auricular point sticking and a healthy diet to treat simple obesity in children aged 6-9 years old.Methods: A total of 190 eligible obese kids were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method, with 95 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by auricular point sticking plus guide on a healthy diet, while the control group was only provided with the guide on a healthy diet. The therapeutic efficacy was observed after intervention for three consecutive months, as well as the changes in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and subcutaneous fat thickness. Results: After the 3-month intervention, the total effective rate was 91.6％ in the observation group, versus 74.7％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); in both groups, the BM, BMI, WC, HC, and subcutaneous fat thickness all decreased significantly (P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point sticking plus a healthy diet is safe and effective in treating simple obesity in children, producing more significant efficacy than healthy diet intervention alone.

Calcaneus ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Radiography ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the neural circuit of inhibitory control in late-onset depressed patients(LOD) by functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Methods Fourteen late-onset depressed patients (LOD group) and thirteen elderly healthy subjects( control group) were recruited. The two groups were age, gender, and education matched. All the subjects performed a visual Go/Nogo task during the fMRI scan. Erect or inverted isosceles triangular figures were used for stimuli. The two groups were instructed to press a button as quickly and correctly as possible when the erect triangular figures(Go) were presented, but not to response when the inverted triangular figures(Nogo) were presented. The differences of brain activation between the two groups were compared. Results ( 1 ) During Go trials, there were no significant differences in reaction time and hit rate between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). During Nogo trials, however, the late-onset depressed patients showed much higher false alarm rate(0.09 ±0.06) compared with control group(0.04 ±0.02) (P＜0.05＝. (2) During Go trials , LOD group showed significantly greater activity in left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right precentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, right anterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus compared with the control group. Whereas during Nogo trials, LOD group exhibited greater activity in left inferior parietal lobule and left middle frontal gyrus compared with the control group. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibitory control dysfunction in late-onset depressed patients may be closely related to frontostriatal circuit impairment. Over activation in left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex may contribute to the pathogenesis of late-onset depression.

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry