Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on the gastrointestinal motility and plasma levels of the stress hormone in overtraining rats.

METHODThirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, over-training group, melatonin intervention group. 30 min before each training, rats in the control and over-training groups were fed with normal saline (15 mg/kg) once a day and 5 times per week, while rats in the melatonin intervention group were administrated with melatonin, perfusion in the intervention group (15 mg/kg). Excessive training group and melatonin intervention group rats were subjected to excessive training at 5 times a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma motilin (MTL) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cortisol (CORT) and catecholamines (CA) were observed in all groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was reduced (P < 0.01) in over-training group. After treated with melatonin, this trend was reversed, that was, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were surpressed significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was improved obviously (P < 0.01) in over-training group.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin plays an important role in protecting gastrointestinal tract from dysfunction, in which MTL, CGRP, CORT and CA are all involved.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Catecholamines ; blood ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Motilin ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological

Background Retinal Müller cells can offer nutrient and maintain the normal structure of retina.Researches showed that the abnormality of Müiller cells leads to retinal vascular disease.To explore the effect of high glaucoma on retinal Müller cells is of a very important significance for the study on diabetic retinopathy (DR).Objective This study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of glucose on retinal Müller cells in vitro.Methods Retinal tissue was isolated from 1 10-day-oM clean SD rat.Mtiller cells were cultured by explant culture method and passaged in DMEM containing 20％ fetal bovine serum.The third generation of cells were obtained and identified using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staning.Then,5.5,30.0 and 40.0 mmol/L glucose were added into the culture medium for 4 days respectively.The proliferation (A570) of Müller cells was detected by MTT,and apoptosis rate of Müller cells was calculated by flow cytometer to evaluate the effects of 5.5,30.0 and 40.0 mmol/L glucose to cell vitality.Results Cultured and passaged cells grew well with the spindle shape.The positive reactive cells were ＞95％ for GFAP.The A570 value of Müller cells was 0.24±0.01,0.21±0.03 and 0.20±0.02 in 5.5,30.0 and 40.0 mmol/L glucose group respectively,showing a significant difference among the three groups(F=6.755,P＜0.05).Compared with 5.5 mmol/L glucose group,As70 values were significantly lower in 30.0and 40.0 mmol/L glucose group (q =0.645,0.486,P ＜ 0.05).Apoptosis rates of Miiller cells were (26.40 ±0.25)％,(30.19±0.16)％ and (36.23±0.19)％ in 5.5,30.0 and 40.0mmol/L glucose groups,with a significant difference among them (F =294.530,P＜0.05),and those in 30.0 and 40.0 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly reduced in comparison with 40.0 mmol/L glucose group (q =0.754,0.484,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions High concentration of glucose inhibits the viability and promote the apoptosis of retinal Müller cells at a concentrationdependent manner.

The molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients has been an active field in hematology, oncology, and tumor immunology. More than 2000 tumor antigens have been identified. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on novel anti-tumor immunotherapies in lymphomas, other hematologic malignancies and tumors. However, despite of the progress in the identification of these self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfactory than that expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on the basic principles underlying the selection of these self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen-specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with lymphomas and other malignancies, many additional questions need to be addressed. In this brief review, the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in lymphomas and other malignancies was outlined and the new principles of self-tumor antigens and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies were summarized.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; classification ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Autoantigens ; classification ; immunology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Lymphoma ; immunology ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo reveal the quality variation of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and proteins in spores and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum from producing areas, different varieties, harvesting parts and periods, and wall-breaking treatments.

METHODSpores and fruiting bodies from varieties of Longzhi No. 1 and Hunong No. 1 were collected as test samples, together with wall-broken spores sold in domestic main producing areas. The anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total polysaccharides. The vanillin-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total triterpenoids. The Lowry method was used to determine the content of total proteins.

RESULTThe content ranges of total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and total proteins from 6 domestic main producing areas were 0.40% - 2.25%, 1.36%-3.15% and 0.74% -1.91% respectively. The content ranges of total polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and proteins in the fruiting bodies from 2 varieties cultured in Zhejiang were 0.25% -1.42%, 0.44% -1.42% and 1.82% -3.67% respectively. In addition, the ranges of samples from wall-unbroken spores were 0.41% - 0.91%, 0.09% - 0.12%, 0.78% - 0.90% respectively and wall-broken spores are 1.03% - 2.25%, 1.89% - 3.15%, 0.96% - 1.04% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in the contents of main chemical ingredients of wall-broken G. lucidum spores saled in the markets. The samples from Zhejiang contain high content of total polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and samples from Fujian contains more proteins. Between the 2 major varieties cultured in Zhejiang, Longzhi No. 1 contains higher content of triterpenoids, but Hunong No. 1 has more polysaccharides. Contents of triterpenoids and polysaccharides from wall-broken spores are much higher than those of fruiting bodies. The stipes from fruiting bodies contains more polysaccharides than those of the pileus, while the triterpenoids contents are higher in the pileus than stipes. The pileus and stipes collected in the second year contain higher content of polysaccharides than the first year's samples, but the contents of triterpenoids are lower. Wall-breaking treatment would significantly improve the extraction and dissolution rate of total triterpenoids and polysaccharides.

Fungal Proteins ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Spores, Fungal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical significance of waist soft tissue tension detection in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain.

METHODSFrom August 2011 to March 2012,60 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were divided into two groups (sliver needle group and TCM fumigation group) according to propotion of 1:1. In sliver needle group, there were 17 males and 13 females aged from 28 to 55 years old with an average age of (45.70 +/- 4.15), treated with sliver needle; In TCM fumigation group,there were 19 males and 11 females aged from 27 to 55 years old with an average age of (43.03 +/- 5.86), treated with TCM fumigation. Changes of force-displacement distance (FDD), specific absorption rate (S) of two groups were observed before treatment, 1 week and 3 months after treatment respectively, VAS scoring and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to access clinical effects.

RESULTS(1) VAS score of silver needle group was 4.77 +/- 0.78, 1.99 +/- 1.08 and 2.55 +/- 0.94, respectively before treatment, at 1 week and 3 months after treatment,while VAS score in TCM fumigation group were 4.43 +/- 0.61, 2.48 +/- 0.71 and 3.05 +/- 0.86, respectively. VAS score of two groups after treatment were sigificant decrease than that of before treatment (P < 0.05). There was no sigificant differences between two groups before treatment, but sliver needle group performed well in analgesia than TCM fumigation group, and had obvious differences (P < 0.05). RMDQ score of silver needle group was 13.63 +/- 1.96, 5.87 +/- 2.33 and 6.53 +/- 2.89, respectively before treatment, at 1 week and 3 months after treatment, while RMDQ score in TCM fumigation group were 13.40 +/- 2.01, 6.90 +/- 2.31, 9.23 +/- 2.87, respectively. There was no significant differences between two groups before treatment and 1 week after treatment (P > 0.05), and had obvious differences between two groups at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.01). Both groups could obvious improve dysfunction caused by chronic low back pain, and curative effect of sliver needle groups was more endurable. (2) Following-up at 3 months after treatment, FDD of multifidus, erector spinae of effected side and multifidus of healthy in sliver needle group were obvious increased (P < 0.05); In TCM fumigation group, FDD of multifidus and erector spinae on both side were increased at 1 week after treatment (P < 0.05), but had no significant meaning at 3 months after treatment on health side (P>0.05). There was no significant meaning before treatment (P > 0.05), FDD of multifidus, erector spinae of effected side in sliver needle group were obvious increased at 1 week after treatment (P < 0.05); but no obvious meaning on health side. FDD of both side in sliver needle group were obvious increased at 3 months after treatment. (3) There was correlation among differences of FDD in multifidus and erector spinae, VAS score and differences of RMDQ, and Spearman correlation coefficient R was 0.517, 0.811, 0.746 and 0.625; There was correlation between items of soft tissue tension and sympotoms, function and life quality. Conclusion:Soft tissue tension detection can effectively manifest degree of pain and dysfunction of low back, and improve objectivity of therapeutic evaluation for chronic low back pain.

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Tonus ; drug effects ; Needles ; Paraspinal Muscles ; drug effects ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the relationship between head nurse's authentic leadership and degree of solidarity among nurses in operating room.Method A total of 120 nurses in the operation room of 3 general hospitals in Jiamusi City were enrolled in the study by way of the questionnaire on authentic leadership and the scale of solidarity.Results The mean score on the head nurse's authentic leadership (41.28 ± 8.48) was above the middle-high level.The mean score on the solidarity (68.67 ± 8.82) was in the middle-high level.There was a positive correlation between the head nurses' authentic leadership and the degree of solidarity among nurses in the operating room.Conclusion Hospital and nursing administrators should take active and effective measures to improve the leadership of head nurses so as to improve the degree of solidarity among nurses in the operating room as well as the quality of nursing.

A prospective clinical trial was carried out to explore the hemostatic effect of Gongxueting Mixture on metrorrhagia and metrostaxis with blood stasis syndrome and its mechanism. Bleeding time and bleeding volume in 37 cases were detected before and after treatment to assay the hemostatic effect. Indexes of blood analysis, blood rheology, blood coagulation and prostaglandin in 8 cases were determined to study the mechanism. The results showed that Gongxueting Mixture shortened the menstrual period and regulated the volume of menses (P 0.05 ). It is concluded that Gongxueting Mixture is effective for metrorrhagia and metrostaxis with blood stasis syndrome (the total effective rate being 91.89% ), and enhancement of platelet aggregation, promotion of fibrinolytic activity and regulation of prostaglandin release may be its hemostatic mechanism.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective:To elucidate the changes in apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)by quantify diffusion weighted (DW)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in patients with Alzbeimer's disease(AD),and the relationship between micro-structure changes of white matter(WM)and the cognitive impairment thereof.Methods:The DW-MRI was performed in 30 probable AD patients and 30 normal controls with normal-appearing white matter(NAWM).The ADC was measured in different WM areas.The neurologic and neuropsychological assessments were examined with mini-mental state examination(MMSE)in patients.The ADC were determined in standard regions of the frontal,temporal,occipital and parietal white matter,genu,splenium of the corpus callosum.Results:The value of ADC was higher in frontal,splenium corpus callosum,temporal,and parietal white matter of AD group than that of control(P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the ADC value of genu and occipital white matter between AD and control groups(P＞ 0.05).The score of MMSE was 24.1±0.8 in AD group.The ADC values of parietal,splenium of the corpus callosum and frontal white matter were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE scores in AD group(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was no correlation between the ADC values of genu of the corpus eallosum,temporal and occipital white matter with the MMSE score(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative DWI analysis of MRI DWI may be helpful in assessing WM abnormalities in AD.The parietal WM abnormalities may play an important role in the development of dementia.It was showed that Alzheimer's cognitive decline with ADC value and micro-structure of white matter was closely related.