Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Injections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

Background The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP)involves 80%-90% degradation of all in- tracellular proteins.Both ubiquitin and rat component 3 of proteasome(RC3)are hence considered to be central me- diators for cell biology.Objective To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia and the expres- sion of ubiquitin and rat component 3 of proteasome(RC3)after balloon injury in carotid artery.Methods Thirty- two male SD rats were randomly to receive,low dose(0.4 mg/ng,n=8),or moderate(4 mg/ng,n=8),or high- dose(40 mg/ng,n=8)of simvastatin treatment for 28 days.Common carotid aortic artery was injuried rat ballon. The ratio of intima-media(I/M)thickness was determined.The expression level of ubiquitin and RC3 mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR.The expression level of ubiquitin protein was examined with immunohistochemistry. Results Simvastatin inhibited the expression of ubiquitin and RC3 mRNA and ubiquitin protein in dose dependent manner.The intima-media ratio(-50.2 %)and the expression of ubiquitin(-60.3 %)and RC3 mRNA and ubiq- uitin protein(-60.5 %)was reduced by the high dose simvastatin [40 mg/(kg?d)](P

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; Humans ; Male ; Nose Neoplasms ; Osteoblastoma ; Skull Base Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo establish social stress induced depression-like model in mice of C57BL/6 strain, and to assess its reliability using differenf behavioral methods.

METHODSTotally 20 male mice of C57BL/6 strain were divided into the normal group and the stress model group by random digit table,10 in each group. Another 10 CD1 mice were subjected to social stress. Mice in the normal control group received no stress, while those in the model group received social stress for 10 successive days. Behavioral assessment was performed using social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, tail suspension test (TST), respectively. Serum cortisol level was detected by ELISA to assess the reliability of the model.

RESULTSIn the social interaction test when the social target (CDI mice) was inexistent, mice in the normal control group spent longer time in the social interaction zone and less time in the corner zone (P < 0.05); mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group when CDI mice existed, mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the total times for entry into open arms, close arms, and the maze were obviously reduced (P < 0.05), and the proportion of entering open arms was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group. In TST, the motionless time within the last 4 mm was prolonged in the model group (P < 0.05). The serum cortisol level in the model group was obviously elevated (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSocial stress induced depression-like animal model in mice of C57BL/6 straineasquite reliable and possibly suitable to be used in integrative medicine research of combination of disease and syndrome model.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological

Objective To study the influence of exposure factors on posttraumatic stress disorder( PTSD) and Posttraumatic Growth( PTG) in middle school students in disaster area four years after the Wenchuan earth?quake . Methods 1 526 students from four schools in Worst?Hit Areas were investigated with Self?compiled Earth?quake Exposure Factors Questionnaire,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory( C?PTGI) and Impact of Event Scale( IES?R). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The score of IES?R had sig?nificant difference between different levels of all exposure factors(F=5.75~89.10, P<0.05) ,and students with high exposure level((26.68±14.66),(26.80±15.56),(27.83±14.62),(29.02±15.36),(27.77±15.74),(26.74± 15.63),(25.43±14.32),(29.51±14.36)) had heavier symptoms of PTSD than those with low exposure level ((22.84±13.96),(23.98±13.99),(23.63±14.21),(23.53±13.96),(23.64±13.83),(24.24±14.15),(21.27± 14.35),(17.54±13.34)). Only exposure factors of having witnessed someone injured and having close friends se?riously injured or being killed could significantly influence the score of PTGI(F=11.82, P=0.001;F=6.23, P=0.013). Regression analysis showed that five exposure factors (grade,having felt scared,having family members being killed,having close friends seriously injured or being killed,having witnessed someone injured) had signifi?cant effect on IES(ΔR 2=0.141) ,but only one factor( having witnessed someone injured) had weak effect on PTG (ΔR 2=0.007).Conclusion Exposure factors can predict posttraumatic stress symptoms in middle school students in Wenchuan four years after the earthquake,and the emotion of fear is a strongest predictor,but they can not pre?dict posttraumatic growth.

Objective To study the effect of autonomic nerve activity on emotion experience.Methods 71 healthy males were asked to see a neutral film STICK and conduct a computer game,then evaluated emotion experience.All participants were recorded skip temperature,skin conduction,heart rate,LF and HF during baseline and game periods.Results (1) There was significant difference in fear experience among high,middle and low synchronous groups (2.64 ± 2.05,2.50 ± 2.01,4.46 ± 2.41; P＜ 0.01),and low synchronous group was significantly higher than high synchronous group (P ＜ 0.01).The main effects of three periods were significant in basis of three response types of autonomic nerve activity(skin conduction:F(2.68) =76.083,P＜0.01; heart rate:F(2.68) =71.692,P ＜ 0.01),and skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference among three response types.Types and periods had no significant interaction.(2) Different response modes of autonomic nervous system has different distributions in high fear and low fear groups (x2 =9.763,P ＜ 0.01).Skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference between high fear group and low fear group.Conclusion The modes of autonomic nervous system have an effect on intensity of fear experience,but not the same in skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate.

Objective To study the difference of oxygen free radical metabolism between healthy native Tibetans and mi- grated Hans at different altitude.Methods The activity of Total-antioxidation capability(T-AOC),superoxide dis- mutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and the content of,reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde (MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)in serum in healthy native Tibetans and migrated Hans at different altitude were meas- ured.Results The activity of T-AOC,SOD,GSH-PX and the content of NO were increased in serum in native Tibet- ans group than that in migrated Hans group(P

Objective:To investigate the value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum by comparing with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Methods:The MRCP and ERCP images of 8 patients with pancreas divisum were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnostic accuracy and findings by MRCP were compared with those by ERCP.Results:MRCP had a diagnostic accuracy of 87.5%(7/8)based on the result of ERCP.ERCP displayed the dominant dorsal pancreatic ducts in all 8 cases and ventral pancreatic ducts in 6 cases;MRCP also displayed the dominant dorsal pancreatic ducts in all 8 cases,but the ventral pancreatic ducts only in 3 cases.Conclusion:As a non-invasive technique,MRCP has important clinical value in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum.