The fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)has been applied more and more widely in disorders of respiratory system,and is considered to be one of the most promising markers of expiration in monitoring the development and outcome of respiratory inflammatory airway disease.This paper is to review the application and prospect of FeNO in bronchiolitis in children.

Children with primary vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) are often complicated with urinary tract infection and voiding dysfunction.It often leads to kidney scarring,renal atrophy,hypertension,kidney dysfunction and a series performance of reflux nephropathy.In serious cases it can even progressed to end-stage renal disease.Now,with the accumulated experience of VUR treatment,the diagnosis strategy and the treatment remains certain amount of controversy.Whether the surgery or non-surgical treatment,the results are still not satisfactory,the pathogenesis of VUR is still unclear,the further study and exploration for the pathogenesis of VUR is required.

Nearly half a century,an increasing number of studies have found that the puberty of human being is at early trends.Puberty is the process of physical changes involving reproductive system maturation and the acquisition of fertility,by the combination effects of nervous system,endocrine system and the environment.Pubertal timing is a relative concept and the process of pubertal development can be shown as early,timely or relatively late as compared with a reference group.This article mainly focuses on related influencing factors of pubertal timing including genetic factor,childhood obesity,growth pattern (intrauterine growth retardation,catchup growth,adiposity rebound),psychosocial stress (poor family emotional environment,father absence,international adoption),environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals with their mechanism and significance.The exploration of relevant risk factors of early puberty can provide scientific evidence for formulating relevant policies and targeted prevention.

Objective:To explore the clinical curative effect of Gankening in treating chronic nonproductive cough based on syndrome differentiation.Method:90 cases were allocated to two groups randomly,the treatment group(60 cases) treated with Gankening based on syndrome differentiation and the control group(30 cases) treated with Zhisou Powder and Beilai.The composite effect of the two groups,the curative effects of every syndrome pattern in the treatment group before and after treatment and the relationship between the symptom index and the curative effect were observed.Result:The clinical effects of the treatment group were markedly exceeded the control group.In the treatment group,the clinical control rate was 53.33%(32 cases),markedly effective rate was 30%(18 cases),the(effective) rate was 13.33%(8 cases) and the total effective rate was 96.67%.There was distinct difference in the treatment group before and after treatment(P

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation on apoptosis of rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and the metabolic pathway changes of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes by dichloroacetate.Methods The isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from neonatal Wistar rat were cultured and purified with differential attachment,then BrdU was added to reduce the rate of non-myocytes.The cultured cells were identified by morphology,spontaneous contraction and specific immunocytochemical stain.Hypertrophic cardiomyocyte model induced by angiotensin Ⅱ was set up and assessed by -Leu incorporation.The cultured media were replaced by low glucose DMEM before hypoxia.The cardiomyocytes were incubated at 37 ℃ in an air-tight incubator containing 92% N_(2),5% CO_(2),3% O_(2) for 24 h to simulate hypoxia,then under the condition of 23% O_(2),5% CO_(2) for 4 h to simulate reoxygenation.Apoptotic cells was evaluated by a modified TUNEL assay(DeadEnd~(TM) Colorimetric TUNEL).Results The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes increased with time prolongation of hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R).The apoptotic cell model induced by H/R in rat hypertropic cardiomyocytes was established successfully.When the hypertropic cardiomyocytes were pretreated with Dichloroacetate,the apoptotic rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner.The metabolic pathway changes had effect on the apoptosis of rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.Conclusion By collagense digestion,it is convenient to obtain primary neonatal Wistar rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This method is one of vital research tools in the fields of cardiac hypertrophy.Angiotensin Ⅱ could accelerate cellular proliferation,structural protein biosynthesis and cardiac hypertrophy.Dichloroacetate has the effect of antiapoptosis.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Novoiaped 30 and NovoMix 30 Flexpen in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods:A multicenter,randomized,and controlled clinical trial of Novorapid 30R and Novomix 30 Flexpen was performed in XinQiao Hospital in Chongqing China. One hundred and fifty patients with type 2 DM received Novorapid 30R therapy and sixty patients received NovoMix 30 Flexpen for 12 weeks respectively. Results:(1)At the end of 12-week treatment,significant improvements in HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) levels were shown in both groups, HbA1C decreased 1.08% and 1.01%,and FPG decreased 2.0mmol/L and 2.2mmol/L,in Novorapid 30R and NovoMix 30 Flexpen group respectively(all P0.05). (2)2hpG decreased 3.79mmol/L and 3.05mmol/L,Novorapid 30R was better than Novomix 30 Flexpen,The difference was statistically significant between two groups(P

Objective To observe the effect of ejiao huangqi koufuye and iron sucrose injection in the treat-ment of postpartum anemia,to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 100 postpartum anemia women met the inclusion were randomly divided into 50 cases of observation group and 50 cases of control group.The control group was given iron sucrose injection 200mg for 3d,the observation group was given ejiao huangqi koufuye for 30d, twice daily and 10ml once.The blood was exsanguinated for detecting RBC,Hb,HCT,SF,TIBC.The improvement of symptoms and signs were observed and the effect was assessed.Results The RBC,Hb,HCT,SF of the observation group and control group after treatment were (2.14 ±0.74)×10 12 /L and (3.32 ±1.15 )×10 12 /L,(97.85 ± 22.44)g/L and (109.72 ±18.54)g/L,(36.42 ±8.39)% and (41.10 ±7.38)%,(22.26 ±1.76)mg/L and (32.2 ±2.1)mg/L,which were significantly higher than before treatment (t =3.065 and 5.614,3.411 and 3.961, 3.317 and 5.062,6.448 and 9.332,both P <0.05 ),TIBC were (70.82 ±13.23 )μmol/L and (62.41 ± 13.37)μmol/L,which were significantly lower than before treatment(t =4.607 and 7.302 respectively,all P <0.01).After treatment,the RBC,Hb,HCT,SF of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group,the TIBC was significantly lower than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t =3.826, 3.733,3.395,4.776,3.524,all P <0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 94%,which was sig-nificantly higher than 82% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =8.401,P <0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 4% (2 /50),which of the control group was 6%(3 /50),the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 =0.211,P >0.05).Conclusion The ejiao huangqi kou-fuye and iron sucrose injection has exact clinical efficacy in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia,can effectively promote bone marrow erythropoiesis,anemia symptoms,it is worthy of clinical use.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of epidural labor analgesia with contin-uous background infusion and its impact on obstetric outcome.Methods This was a retrospective co-hort study.In the two months of march 2014 and march 201 5,503 nulliparas women who had re-ceived epidural analgesia for labor were enrolled and assigned to two different study groups according to their analgesic protocol.Two hundred and fifty-eight nulliparas in group C received only patient-controlled analgesia while two hundred and forty-five nulliparas in group P received patient-controlled analgesia with continuous background infusion.The basic and perinatal data of all enrolled nulliparas women were collected and analyzed to compare the analgesic effect and the impact on obstetric risk of two different analgesic protocol.Results The NRS pain score during the second labor stage was lower in group P [3 (3-4)scores vs.5 (4-5)scores](P <0.001).The second stage prolonged [50 (29-82) min vs.38 (24-62)min](P =0.001)and intrapartum hemorrhage increased [200 (100-250)ml vs. 1 50 (100-200)ml](P =0.003)in group P.There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the delivery mode (P =0.656)and the morbidity of postpartum hemorrhage (9.8% vs.10.9%,P =0.697).Analgesic protocol with background infusion was not associated with postpartum hemorrhage,instrumental delivery risk and cesarean risk.Conclusion Epidural labor an-algesia with continuous background infusion provided more effective analgesia in nulliparas,without additional obstetric risk.

Snake venoms are complex mixtures containing many different biologically active applications in the field of cancer research. In this paper, not only unpurified fraction, but also highly purified snake venoms are discussed,such as rhodostomin, acutobin, agkistrodon halys antithrombotic enzyme, batroxobin. The review mainly introduced the inhibitory effects of snake venoms on tumer metastasis.