Objective To investigate the molecular basis of ABO gene in a patient with serologic ABO blood group discrepancy.Methods Serologic blood group identification,Coombs' test and antibody screening were detected with DG Gel Confirm cards,Neutral cards,Coombs cards by WADiana/8XT Compact Analyzer (from Diagnostic Grifols,S.A).The enhancer,promoter,exon 1 ～ 7 and their adjacent intron region of ABO gene were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Results The patient's red blood cells was determined as weak B phenotype showing two groups in gel and mixed field in tube with monoclonal anti-B,and A phenotype with monoclonal anti-A.DNA sequencing showed nine variants in ABO gene.One heterozygous variation in exon 6 (297A＞G) and eight heterozygous variations in exon 7 (467C＞T,526C ＞G,657C＞T,703G＞A,796C＞A,803G＞C,829G＞T 930G＞A) were identified and 829G＞T was the novel variant.Compared with Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database,genotype of the patient was weak expression of A102/B101.Conclusion The novel variation of B allele is the main reason of Bweak phonetype in A102/B101 genotype.Serological and molecular biological detection help to understand the characteristics of blood group phenotype and genotype,provide the guidance for clinical transfusion strategies.

Objective To evaluate the different arteriographic manifestations of acute renal arterial hemorrhage,and the treatment effects of emergency interventional embolization.Methods 87 patients with renal arterial hemorrhage who were failed to conservative treatment underwent the renal arteriography to confirm the position and degree of lesion.According to the arteriographic manifesta-tions,appropriate embolic agents such as spring coil,acrylic acid microspheres and the like were used to embolize the targeted vessel. The arteriographic manifestations and embolization efficacy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Contrast medium leakage was showed by renal angiography in 43 patients,13 of whom had arterio-venous fistula (AVF)and 1 5 of whom had renal pseudoaneu-rysms (RAP).Among this 1 5 patients,there were 5 patients with arteriovenous fistula and one patiernt with artery-calyces fistula. Hemorrhage of tumor vessel was shown in 1 5 patients and renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM)in 1.47 patients underwent renal artery CT arteriography before emergency interventional embolization.The hematuresis was completely stopped or significantly relieved in 82 of all patients.Only 3 patients with renal trauma and 2 patients with percutaneous nephroscope were still had haematu-ria.All patients were followed up for 2 years.The total effective rate of emergency interventional embolization treatment was 94.25%(82/87),and no serious complications were observed.Conclusion As a safe,effective and micro-invasive treatment,emergency in-terventional embolization therapy can be used to treat the acute renal hemorrhage effectively.It can keep the maximum renal func-tion.Though acute renal hemorrhage angiography may have different manifestations,the choice of embolic agents is the key to stop the symptom.Renal artery CTA before embolotherapy is important for the diagnosis and therapy of acute renal hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism by which exendin-4 promotes paracrine secretion of cytokines by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).

METHODSIn vitro cultured SD rat ADSCs (fourth passage) with or without exendin-4 treatment underwent flow cytometry to characterize the surface markers. MTT assay was performed to assess the proliferation of the cells exposed to different concentrations (0-20 nm/L) of exendin-4, and the paracrine secretion of cytokines (bFGF, VEGF, HGF, and IGF-1) by the ADSCs was evaluated by qPCR. The changes in the expressions of p-Akt in the cells were analyzed by Western blotting and qPCR in response to exendin-4 (10 nm/L) with or without exposure to PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY-294002 (50 nm/L); bFGF, VEGF, HGF, and IGF-1 production in the cells were detected using ELISA kits.

RESULTSTreatment with exendin-4 for 12 h did not affect the surface marker profile of the ADSCs but promoted the cell proliferation (P<0.05). Exendin-4 significantly increased the mRNA expressions of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF-1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10 nm/L was the optimum concentration (P<0.05). Exendin-4 treatment resulted in significantly increased p-Akt expressions in the ADSCs, and PI3K/Akt inhibitor not only reversed such effects of exendin-4 on p-Akt but also diminished the exendin-4- mediated up-regulation of the paracrine cytokines.

CONCLUSIONExendin-4 can concentration-dependently promote the proliferative and paracrine capacities of ADSCs partially through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway without affecting the surface marker profile of the cells.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Morpholines ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Venoms ; pharmacology