Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

BACKGROUND:There are a variety of methods for establishing osteoarthritis animal model, and different methods and different animals have their own characteristics.
OBJECTIVE:To review the status of the research on osteoarthritis animal models.
METHODS:The relevant articles to the osteoarthritis animal models were searched in Medline database from January 2002 to October 2011, with the key words of“animal model, osteoarthritis”in English by the computer. Similarly, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database was retrieved for related articles published in Chinese from January 2002 to October 2011, with the key words of“animal model, osteoarthritis, research development”in Chinese. Total y 423 relevant articles were col ected and 128 of them conformed the standard. At last 40 articles were included to review after ful-text reading.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The artificial induced animal models are the principal means to establish animal models of osteoarthritis and they have been widely used in the study of osteoarthritis pathogenesis, drug efficacy, cartilage physiology and pathology. Spontaneous osteoarthritis animal models have great advantages in the study addressing the initial mechanism of osteoarthritis, the biochemical changes of articular cartilage and the comparison of prevention and cure effects. Transgenic animal models have great application prospects on studying cartilage repairing mechanisms and testing a gene to prevent, delay or reversal the morphological changes. Accordingly the choice of models should be based on research needs.

Objective To investigate awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge in physicians from hospitals at varied levels in Xinjiang. Methods In total, 150 voluntary physicians were selected randomly from hospitals at varied levels in Xinjiang for an anonymous close-book baseline survey on hypertension knowledge with questionnaire. Then, an intensive training on hypertension prevention and treatment based on Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment for Hypertension in China was offered for them.After training, another survey was conducted among them with the same questionnaire to examine improvement in their awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge and evaluate effectiveness of the training. Results At baseline, 89. 3 percent (134/150) of physicians could correctly know diagnostic criteria for hypertension, 78. 3 percent ( 18/23 ) of them from primary-care hospitals, and 52. 0 percent (78/150) could correctly know level of blood pressure under control, only 34. 8 percent (8/23) of them from primary-care hospitals. Only 67 (44. 7% ) physicians surveyed could know criteria for non-antihypertensive drug treatment, 27 of then from secondary-care hospitals and nine from primary-care ones, significant less in that among those from tertiary-care ones ( 88. 6%, 31/35 ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). After training, their awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge improved significantly ( P ＜0. 01). Conclusions Awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge differed considerably in physicians from hospitals at varied levels, poorer in those from primary-care hospitals, and more importance should be attached to them, especially to those from primary-care hospitals.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the C677T polymor-phism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene/G448A polymorphism of the

Objective To study the proper desiccation and the expiry date for humidifier after disinfection, and then decline the incidence rate of infection in hospital. Methods Divided 84 humidifiers into the A and B groups randomly after disinfection, there were 42 humidifiers in the each group. The natural desiccation was used in the A group, the oxygen desiccation was used in the B group. Monitored the humidifiers of the two groups respectively lasted 7 days, and then compare the datum between them. Results The expiry date of the humidifiers which have dried by natural desiccation was longer than that of humidifiers which have dried by oxygen desiccation. Conclusion We should set down the expiry date for humidifier according to the different desiccation and the different seasons.

Objective] By sequencing of SSU rRNA gene cloning from Xinjiang cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogen (XJCLP) to provide evidence for identification of the pathogen. [Methods] By PCR assay with primers R222 and R333, the specific fragment had been produced from SSU rRNA gene of XJCLP , L infantum, L tropica and cloned into pGEM ○[KG-6/7]R T Easy vector .The clones were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy mediated chain termination method, analysis of SSU rRNA gene sequences from XJCLP, L tropica, L infantum with DNASIS. [Results] Sequence analysis showed that the specific fragment of SSU rRNAgene from XJCLP, L infantum,L tropica , were all 394 bp in length. There were 391 bases identical and three point mutations between the sequences of XJCLP and L tropica , the similarity being 99 2%; 390 bases identical and three point mutations and one insertion /deletion between the sequences of XJCLP and L infantum , the similarity being 99 0%. One insertion/deletion between the sequences of L tropica and L infantum , the similarity being 99 7%. The primary and secondary structures of SSU rRNA gene from XJCLP differed from those of L infantum and L tropica .A retrieval from GenBank confirmed that these 394 bp sequence are new gene sequences. [Conclusion]The primary and secondary structures of SSU rRNA gene from XJCLP, L infantum , L tropica were different. 394 bp sequence from SSU rRNA gene of XJCLP is a new gene sequence.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the mode and feasibility of informatization and automation construction in the inpatient pharmacy. METHODS:The practice of informatization and automation construction of inpatient pharmacy in our hospital was intro-duced,as well as the change of drug dispensing model. The influence of them on drug dispensing process was analyzed. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:2 automatic single dose tablets dispense packing machines,2 rapid dispensing machines and 2 automatic injec-tion chests are introduced in automatic inpatient pharmacy of our hospital. The informatization construction contain the establish-ment of inpatient pharmacy database,drug dispensing and recheck,the application of code,etc. Due to the implementation of auto-matic drug dispensing information system,drug dispensing mode have changed,i.g. drug dispensing by area instead of wards;in-jection and large volume transfusion are dispensed by wards;oral preparation and discharge medication are dispensed by prescrip-tion;dispensed drugs are distributed to wards with professional logistics. The implementation of informatization and automation of inpatient pharmacy in our hospital improve pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceutical care,and add automatic expiry date management and code tracking to guarantee the accuracy,timeliness and high efficiency of drug dispensing.

Objective:To study the changes of NKG2C/NKG2A expressed on T cells in HIV chronically infected individuals and HAART-treatment AIDS patients and the relationship with disease progression of HIV. Methods: We collected peripheral blood from HIV chronically infected individuals,HAART-treatment AIDS patients and healthy human and used the flow cytometry by staining fluorescent antibody to detect the NKG2C/NKG2A receptors expressed on T cells. Results:NKG2C+,NKG2A+ and NKG2C+NKG2A-expressed on T cells in HIV chronically infected individuals were significantly higher than the healthy control group ( P=0. 025,P=0. 032,P=0. 029),while in HAART-treatment AIDS patients were significantly lower than that in HIV chronically infected individuals (P=0. 033,P=0. 037,P=0. 018),returned to the normal levels with no significant difference compared with the healthy control group. The absolute number of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV chronically infected individuals was negative correlation with T cells which expressing NKG2A+,NKG2C+NKG2A+ and NKG2C-NKG2A+( r=-0. 697,P<0. 000 1;r=-0. 463,P=0. 015;r=-0. 693,P<0. 000 1). What was more,the absolute number of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes had positive correlation with the ratio of NKG2C and NKG2A expressed on T cells receptor in HIV chronically infected individuals(r=0. 476,P=0. 012). Conclusion:Studying the expression of NKG2C and NKG2A receptors on T cell has great significance in HIV infected individuals, which may provide a scientific basis for clinical prognosis of HIV infection.

Purpose To evaluate the tumor tropism of cytokine-induced killer ( CIK) cells, the movement track in nude mice bearing breast carcinoma and the influence on major organs of nude mice. Methods Separated and prepared CIK cells using human peripheral blood. The transwell migration assay was used to study the migratory response of CIK cells to human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. A nude mouse xenograft model ( BALB/c) was established by injection of human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. CIK cells labelled with DiI were injected into caudal vein of the nude mice bearing transplantation tumor. Movement track of CIK cells in vi-vo and influence on major organs were observed by living imaging technology, histopathology and immunohistopathology. Results When cultured in vitro during 14 ~20 days, CIK cells reached the peak level in proliferating stage with the maximum proportion of CD3 +CD56 + T cells. Transwell migration assay showed that the migrating number of CIK cells was increasing along with the increasing concentration of tumor cell cultural supernatants. Living imaging technology showed that the fluorescence signal began to appear 24 hours after injection of CIK cells and was strongest at 48 hours. Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain showed CIK cells tended to gather around tumor tissue 6 hours after injection, the most at 48 hours, and with some of the remaining cells on 14 day. In the meantime, no pathological damage caused by CIK cells was observed. Conclusion CIK cells have good tropism to the tumor tissue and safety to the normal tissue, and could be used as a promising cell vector for targeted therapy of cancer.

Background and purpose:Myelosuppression is the most common dose-limiting toxicity of tumor chemotherapy in which leukocytopenia and neutropenia are the most common conditions. Not only are up-titrations of the doses of chemotherapeutic drugs limited, but also normal process of the chemotherapy is affected. Filgrastim-Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) has the activity of stimulating the formation of granulocyte colony and promoting the growth, proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes which can be signiifcantly effective on leukocytopenia and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy. In this study, we observed the leukogenic effects, toxic and side effects of low, medium, and high doses of rhG-CSF used prophylactically after chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to explore a rational application strategy for rhG-CSF..Methods:One hundred and twenty six patients with pathologically proved advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) under chemotherapy were digitally randomized to A, B and C groups. Filgrastim was given to patients of the three groups 24h after the end of chemotherapy. The dosages are: Group A (low dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 1 day; Group B (medium dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 2 days; Group C (high dose): 300 μg of Filgrastim, s.c., qd × 3 days. Then the signs and symptoms as well as toxic and side effects of Filgrastim after medication were observed.Results:Prophylactic usage of medium and high dosages of rhG-CSF could maintain WBC count at no less than 4.0×109/L in nearly 60% of patients. In patients with Grade III leukopenia, more days were needed for recovery of white blood cell (WBC) count with the low dose, while signiifcantly (P<0.05) less days were needed with the high dose. In view of the dynamic changes of neutrophil(ANC), additioning of the high dose of rhG-CSF after chemotherapy could increase the average level ofANC, notably shortening the duration of lowANC caused by chemotherapy. The incidence of infections was 4.76% for the 126 patients as a whole, 9.52% for the low dose group, and 4.76% for the middle dose group. The patients could tolerate the slight side effects incurred during treatment with Filgrastim.Conclusion:All of the three doses (low, medium, and high) of prophylactic administration of Filgrastim after chemotherapy can promote recoveries of WBCs and neutrophil granulocytes and reduce opportunities of infections. High doses of rhG-CSF can be faster and safer in increasing WBCs and neutrophil granulocytes.