Objective To analyze the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1),p16 proteins and DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ α (TOPO Ⅱ α) in cervical cancer and their clinical significances.Methods A total of 181 paraffin-embedded operating specimens and the biopsy including 106 cervical squamous cell carcinoma,30 high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),30 low grade CIN and 33 normal cervical were selected from January 2014 to December 2015.An immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α.Results The positive rate of PD-L1 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 66.0 ％ (70/106),but it was not expressed in high grade CIN,low grade CIN and normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).Whereas,in squamous cell carcinoma,the positive rate of PD-L1 in poor differentiation group [77.3 ％ (51/66)] was higher than that in middle or high differentiation group [56.5 ％ (21/40)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.02,P =0.01).According to the FIGO stage,the positive rate in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ group [54.9 ％ (28/51)] was lower than that in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group [76.4 ％ (42/55)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.47,P =0.02).But there was no statistical significance in lesion size or lymph node metastasis (both P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of p16 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 99.1％ (105/ 106),in high grade CIN was 86.7 ％ (26/30),in low grade CIN was 26.7 ％ (8/30),and no expression in normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001).The expression of p16 had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size,and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).The positive expression rate of TOPO Ⅱ α in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 97.2 ％ (103/106),compared with that in high grade CIN [73.3 ％ (22/30)],low grade CIN [66.7 ％ (20/30)],and normal cervical tissues (no expression),the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).But there was nosignificant difference in the positive expression rate of TOPOⅡ α between high grade and low grade CIN (x2 =0.32,P =0.570).The expression of TOPO 1Ⅱ α had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α is associated with the invasion of cervical cancer.PD-L1 may be an immune checkpoint for the treatment of patients with invasive cervical cancer.

Recently ,metabolic surgery has received much concern for its notable and everlasting effectiveness on glucose control ,weight loss and other metabolic disorders and concomitant diseases. Previous clinical practice and guidelines mostly focused on surgical indications ,especially BM I cut‐off point. In recent years ,BMI cut‐off point in guidelines has shown a downtrend and BMI cut‐off value has tended to become obscure ,which harvested from that clinical staff have realized the importance of comprehensive control for long‐term multiple metabolism and risk factors and overall benefit of the patients through increased clinical evidences and no longer limited to the improvement of obesity and diabetes itself.

The immense potency of bioactive molecules of human breast milk and importance of breastfeeding is known worldwide.Less attention has been paid on the cellular constituents and properties of breast milk.In the past decade,a research has been done by multidimensional approach to investigat the cells human milk.Technological advances have played an important role in this work,which has resulted in the breakthrough discovery of breast milk stem cells with self renewal and multilineage potentials.Regenerative medicine may benefit from utilizing these cells.Breast milk stem cells are transferred to the offspring during breastfeeding.This contributes substantially to infant health.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential of breast milk stem cells,with emphasis on their origin,properties and future applications.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery

Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase(ACO) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the ?-oxidation of dicarboxylic acid in Candida tropicalis . Using strains with low Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase activity to produce dicarboxylic acid on an industrial scale will facilitates the improvement of the yield and purity of dicarboxylic acid. In this research, we improved the method of Allain, so as to determine the activity of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase from Candida tropicalis easily and correctly. This method can be used as quantity criterion in the screen of industrial strains of dicarboxylic acid production, and this work established the basic of character study of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase. We determined the activities of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase from a series of Candida tropicalis strains with different ability of dicarboxylic acid production, and found the obvious relationship of ACO activity and ability of acid production.

OBJECTIVEThe changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats were observed after targetedly damaged the cerebraspinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) to provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of regulating pain CSF-contacting nucleus involved in.

METHODSMale adult SD rats were divided into control, sham, choleratoxin subunit B conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase (CB-HRP)and damage groups randomly. The pain threshold using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were recorded and analyzed. Immunofluorescence method was used to observe the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn.

RESULTSCompared with the control, sham and CB-HRP groups, the MWT and TWL of the damage group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that 5-HT was detected in neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus. In the damage group, the number of neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus reduced gradually, and no survived neurons were observed at the 10th day. Meanwhile, both the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn increased gradually, and negatively correlated with the change of pain threshold.

CONCLUSIONThe method of targeted damaging CSF-contacting nucleus by cholera toxin subnit B conjugated with saporin(CB-SAP) is scientific and reliable, and it results in the changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats. This study suggests that CSF-contacting nucleus participate in the regulation of pain, moreover, 5-HT and c-Fos play important roles in this regulation.

Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Male ; Pain ; metabolism ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; metabolism

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the preferred surgical procedure for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Currently,it is controversial how long the roux limb and biliopancreatic limb should be selected during RYGB.Based on the survey of American Society for Bariatric Surgery (ASBS) (2008),the Roux limb ranged from 10 cm to 250 cm and the biliopancreatic limb ranged from 35 cm to 250 cm.The length of small bowel exclusion may affect the postoperative results.Shorter jejunum exclusion may affect the curative effect,while overlong jejunum exclusion may result in nutritional disorders,diarrhea and other complications.Under the condition of fixed jejunal exclusion,it is worth exploring the relationship between the postoperative outcome and different parameters of small bowel exclusion.Lacking of consensus and criteria in this field,authors focused on the related references published recent years to summarize the valuable information.

Objective To evaluate the value of calcium-based quantitative spectral CT imaging in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods Totally 82 patients with 98 thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology underwent unenhanced and dual-phase enhanced spectral CT scans before operation.Thyroid nodules were divided into malignant group (61 nodules) and benign group (37 nodules),according to histopathologic results.Besides,contralateral normal thyroid tissue of 50 patients was selected as normal group.The calcium concentration of malignant,benign and normal group in non-enhanced scanning was analysed.The optimal threshold to predict malignancy and the corresponding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were obtained by ROC curve.Results The calcium concentrations for malignant, benign and normal group in non-enhanced scanning were (5.52±2.72) mg/cm3, (10.72±4.68) mg/cm3 and (24.66±7.58) mg/cm3 respectively.There were significant differences statistically in any two groups (P<0.001).For malignant thyroid nodules, the best diagnostic threshold of calcium concentration was 6.065 mg/cm3,and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 65.6% and 91.9% respectively.Conclusion Spectral CT imaging can quantitatively assess the calcium concentration of thyroid nodules,which provides promising quantitative approach for distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules.

Objective To evaluate the optimal dosage of misoprostol administered in the rectum for dilation of the cervix. Methods Two hundred and forty women at 40-60 day gestational age without vaginal delivery history were randomly divided into three groups,with 80 cases in each group. Patients received 200,400 or 600μg of misoprostol rectally one hour before electrical vacuum abortions in group A,B and C,respectively. Cervical dilation,blood loss,and drug side effects in the three groups were compared. Venous blood samples were taken before vein anesthesia,and misoprostol acid concentration in the serum was tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The analgesic rate was 100. 00%in all three dose groups, and cervical dilation rate was 23. 75%,46. 25%and 70. 00%in groups A,B and C,respectively. The severity of drug side effects such as vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain is dose-dependent. Blood concentration of misoprostal acid was(117±65),(206± 98),and(303±149)pg·mL-1 ,in groups A,B and C,respectively. Conclusion The recommended dose of misoprostol is 400 μg administered in rectum. Rectal administration of misoprostol is cheap,safe,and convenient,and therefore could be widely applied.