Many specific therapeutic antibody drugs have been developed for different indications. In drug development, it has been found that the antibody isotype framework can not only affect the physical and chemical properties of therapeutic antibodies, but also influence the activity and therapeutic effect. As a result, IgG isotype selection should be considered carefully in antibody drug development strategies. Because of the unique biological characteristics, IgG4 isotype has been used in some therapeutic antibodies for which effector functions are not desired. In order to provide new ideas for the development of antibody drugs, the research and application progress of IgG4 isotype in therapeutic antibody drug development has been reviewed.
Drug Design ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Objective: To establish the method of HPLC for determination of 5 flavonoids in vegetables. Methods: The hydrolysis, extraction and HPLC procedures were optimized and used to determine the contents of quercetin, myricetin, luteolin, kaempferol and apigenin in 30 vegetables commonly consumed in Tianjin. Results: The procedures were well optimized with the CV ranging from 2.8% to 6.5%, and the recoveries ranging from 90.2% to 108.4%. The detection limits were 0.4 mg/L for quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and 0.8mg/L for myricetin and apigenin, respectively. Quercetin was detected in 29 vegetables, ranging from 7.55 mg/100g FW to 0.60 mg/100g FW; apigenin was found in 5 vegetables, luteolin in 7 vegetables and myricetin in 8 vegetables, but no kaempferol in all vegetables. Lotus root, onion, kidney bean, tomato, celery contained higher contents of total flavonoids. Conclusion: The optimized HPLC method was reliable and accurate. The composition of flavonoids was different in analyzed vegetables in which quercetin was predominant almost in all of them.

Objective: To investigate the effects of pomegranate peel extract on antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed high fat diet in comparison with pomegranate juice extract. Method: The hyperlipidemic model was developed by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high fat diet. The effects of pomegranate peel extract (supplemented in drinking water) on serum FRAP value, paraoxonase(PON), GSH-Px and SOD activities as well as serum and hepatic lipids contents were observed. The morphologic change of aortic walls was also examined. Results: The antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism were improved by supplementation of pomegranate peel extract in hyperlipidemic mice. The pathologic changes manifested in aortic walls were also inhibited. The pomegranate juice extract presented similar effects. Conclusion: The pomegranate peel extract inhibited the early process of atherosclerosis. The possible mechanisms were related to the improved antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism.

Objective: To investigate the free radical scavenging activities of the extract from pomegranate peel and compare with that from juice. Methods: Free radicals (-2O, 稯H and ROO? scavenging activities were investigated in different special chemical systems. Its inhibition activity on LDL oxidation was studied with LDL oxidation model in vitro. Results:Both extracts had strong abilities to scavenge -2O, 稯H and ROO?radicals and prevent LDL oxidation in dose-dependent manner. The extract from peel showed higher activities than that from juice. Conclusion: The natural antioxidants in the extracts of pomegranate peel or juice can effectively scavenge -2O, 稯H and ROO?radicals, and prevent LDL oxidation significantly, especially much more in the former.

OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment,and prevent(infection) through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work.METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium,HIV was exposed to 4℃,room temperature(20-26℃) or 37℃ for different period of time.TCID_(50) of these samples was detected.Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations.RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in(water) and medium at 4℃;whereas it persisted 7-14 days in water,14-21 days in medium at room temperature and 37℃.CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment.To prevent accidental spreading of HIV,HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Prednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill elderly patients.MethodsElderly patients ( ≥ 65 years) admitted to the ICU of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2005 to December 2007 were divided into Group A ( glucose control target was 4.4-6.1mmol/L) and Group B ( glucose control target was 7.3-8.3mmol/L).Blood glucose level was controlled with a computer-assisted glucose control protocoL ResultsA total of 639 patients were enrolled,of which 280 were in Group A and 359 in Group B.The mean blood glucose level of the 2 groups was (6.07 ± 0.56) mmol/L and (7.52 ± 0.87 ) mmol/L respectively,both within the target ranges.The hyperglycemic index was (0.69±0.44) mmol/L in Group A and ( 1.60 ±0.73) mmol/L in Group B (P =0.000).No hypoglycemia adverse events occurred in either group.No significant differences were observed in the length of stay in ICU,duration of mechanical ventilation,hospitalization expenses,ICU mortality,and hospital mortality of the 2 groups.ConclusionMaintaining the blood glucose level of critically ill elderly patients at ≤8.3 mmol/L is safe and practical.

In order to obviate the drawbacks of plasma immunoglobulins, the whole molecular recombinant human anti-HAV (hepatitis A virus) monoclonal antibody (anti-HAV IgG) produced and secreted by rCHO cells was purified and its physicochemical properties were extensively characterized. The rCHO cells were cultured in serum-free medium and the supernatants were collected. The recombinant human IgG molecules were sequentially purified by ultrafiltration, rProtein A Sepharose Fast Flow affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and diafiltration. In affinity chromatography, prior to the target protein elution, an intermediate high salt wash step was inserted, different pH and salt concentrations were evaluated for the capacity of removing host cell DNA. The yield of the downstream purification process was approximately 40%. The purity of anti-HAV IgG thus generated was assayed with SEC-HPLC method, integration result showed that the monomeric IgG content was more than 99%. Western-blot was carried out with AP-antiHuman IgG (Fab specific) and AP-antiHuman IgG (Fc specific) respectively, the blot result demonstrated that the anti-HAV IgG is human antibody with Fab and Fc structure. The specific anti-HAV activity determined by ELISA was 100 IU/mg, with anti-HAV immunoglobulin as the working standard reference. Ligand leakage in the eluate of the affinity column was approximately 32 ng/mg IgG, while after further purification steps, it was decreased to less than 2 ng/mg IgG. Residual host cell DNA was monitored with solid dot blot assay, DNA can be removed effectively with intermediate high salt wash step in the affinity chromatography. Free sulfhydryl content of anti-HAV IgG was assayed with fluorescent spectrophotometer, the low molecular weight bands appeared in non-reducing SDS-PAGE may be caused by the presence of free sulfhydryl. The endotoxin content was less than 1EU/ mg examined by standard LAL test procedures. Anti-HAV IgG prepared with this process is able to fulfill the regulatory requirements of State Food and Drug Administration for recombinant products.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis A virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the proliferative inhibition and apoptosis promoting activity of oxymatrine on human lung cancer cells (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) in vitro,and make a comparison.Methods Effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation activity of two kinds of tumor cells were compared by MTT method and growth curve method.HE staining,Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare morphological changes.Results MTr results showed that,compared with control group,the survival rate of oxymatrine 200,400,and 800 μg/mL concentration group in A549 and HepG-2 cells decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01),half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 1055.45 and 774.11 g/mL respectively;The growth curve showed that,compared with control group,the number of cells in oxymatrine group of HepG-2 cells cultured for fourth and fifth day and A549 cells cultured for fifth day decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Oxymatrine affected morphological changes of HepG-2 cells more significantly than A549 cells.The number of cells in the oxymatrine group was significantly reduced;And the cell villi was decreased,the nucleus was small and round,and the cell apoptosis morphological characteristics were obvious.Conclusion Oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation cells and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells.It affected HepG-2 cells more obviously,which suggests that it may have different sensitivity to different tumor cells.