Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis ; drug therapy ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of virtual simulation teaching method in the comprehensive experimental teaching.Methods In experimental teaching of nursing,simulation medical records were compiled,plans were implemented,experiment guidance materials were preliminarily formed and teaching effect was evaluated.Results The application of virtual simulation teaching in nursing comprehensive experiments reflected the comprehensiveness of teaching content,and the comprehensiveness of knowledge,ability and capacity.It could train students creative ability,exploring spirit,enhance the sense of professional and humane care consciousness,train the communication skills and strain capacity,make active teaching atmosphere,improve the quality of teaching.Conclusions This teaching method can make students achieve mastery through a comprehensive multi-disciplinary knowledge,improve the ability of solving practical problems,help nurses to develop the comprehensive professional quality.

Objective To explore the executive function in clinical subtypes of attention deficit hyperac?tivity disorder( ADHD) . Methods 19 children with ADHD/ inattentive type( ADHD?I) ,13children with ADHD/hyperactive?impulsive( ADHD?HI) 33 children with ADHD/combined type ( ADHD?C ) and 30 normal children were tested by Stroop test ( included Stroop C and Stroop CW) ,modified Wisconsin card sorting test( M?WCST) , tower of Hanoi,digital span and verbal fluency. Results The scores of Stroop C and Stroop CW,digit inverse reci?ting,tower of Hanoi and WCST in the children with ADHD were worse than those in normal control((104.8±4.0), (105.9±4.2),(104.8±3.7),(104.8±4.0), P<0.05;(84.0±9.2),(84.8±7.9),(78.2±7.8),(92.2±7.1), P<0.01;(4.0±1.8),(3.7±1.2),(3.8±1.5),(5.1±1.6), P<0.01;(3.0±1.0),(3.3±1.0),(2.7±1.3),(3.8±1.3), P<0.01;(4.1±1.6),(4.2±1.9),(4.3±2.1),(5.4±1.7), P<0.05;(6.6±3.2),(6.7±2.4),(8.0±2.9),(5.3± 2.4), P<0.01;(10.2±2.8),(11.1±3.8),(12.3±4.0),(9.4±3.2), P<0.05). The scores of Stroop CW in the chil?dren with ADHD?C were worse than those in other two subtypes(P<0.01). Conclusion The executive functions of the chil?dren with ADHD are impaired,including poor response inhibition,working memory,planning and cognitive flexibility. The dysfunction of response inhibition is possible an index to discriminate the subtypes of ADHD.

Objective To investigate the possible roles of Cyclin A and P21 in the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis.Methods Twenty-five specimens of eutopic endometrium and twenty-eight specimens of ectopic endometrial tissues were obtained from 28 patients with endometriosis (observation group).Thirty-five specimens of endometrium were also obtained from women with other benign diseases (control group).Cyclin A and P21 were detected by Western blotting,RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results The expression level of cyclin A mRNA in ectopic endometrium were (1.24?0.10) at the proliferative phase and (1.33?0.21) at the secretory phase,significantly higher than that in the eutopic endometrium tissues (0.72?0.26,0.42?0.22),control group (0.68?0.09,0.35?0.06) (P0.05).The expression level of P21 mRNA in control group were (0.21?0.01) at the proliferative phase and (0.54?0.35) at the secretory phase,significantly higher than that in the eutopic endometrium tissues (0.09?0.06,0.28?0.02) and in the ectopic endometrium (0.06?0.01,0.13?0.00) (P0.05).In the ectopic endometrium they had negatively spearman correlation (r=-0.738,P

Objective To investigate the expressions and significances of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN),the matrix metalloproteinases-2,-9 (MMP-2,-9),and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometriosis (EM). Methods The expressions of the EMMPRIN,MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF were detected by SABC immunohistochemistry in 57 tissue samples of ectopic endometrium and 51 samples of eutopic endometrium obtained from 57 EM patients,and in 48 normal endometrium from patients with non-endometriosis. Correlation analysis was carried out on the expressions of these proteins and pathologic staging. Results The EMMPRIN,MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF in ectopic endometrium were expressed at significantly higher levels (0.723?0.114,0.729?0.109,0.692?0.089,0.704?0.103,respectively) than those in eutopic endometrium group (0.396?0.097,0.365?0.023,0.349?0.030,0.370?0.129,respectively,P

Objective:To explore the expression of Ezrin and CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma and their correlations to clinicopathologic features. Methods:The expression of Ezrin and CD44v6 were detected by immunohistochemistry in gastric carcinoma(n=53) and normal gastric mucosa(n=20).Results:①The positive expression rates of Ezrin in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa were 56.6% and 30.0%.While the positive expression rates of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma was 58.5% and no expression in normal gastric mucosa.②The expression of Ezrin was correlated to the differentiation(P0.05).③The expression of Ezrin was positively correlated with that of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma(rs=0.740,P

BACKGROUND: Bistort rhizome is also named as caoheche, which is characterized by clearing heat, relieving convulsion, regulating damp and reducing swelling. Additionally, its water extract is characterized by antiarrhythmia and central inhibition; however, analgesia should be studied further.OBJECTIVE: To observe analgesic effect of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract, and compare with morphine and amidazofen.DESIGN: Completely randomized digital table and randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Scientific Center of Gannan Medical College from March to May 2004. ① A total of 150 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in the 4 independent experiments. ② Medicines: Polygonum bistorta L. Water extract (Department of Phytochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; batch number: 2003061001); morphine hydrochloride solution (Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory; batch number: 000305); naloxone hydrochloride solution (Yanqiao pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; batch number: 20021109).METHODS: ① Effect of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract on twisting-body reaction of mice induced by acetic acid: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: saline group, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract groups and amidazofen group with 10 in each group. All mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.02 mL/g saline,0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract solution and 0.10 mg/g amidazofen, respectively. Fifteen minutes later, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 6 g/L 0.01 mL/g acetic acid glacial to record times of twisting-body reaction within 15 minutes. ② Effect of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract on pain response of mice induced by hot-plate test: Forty female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:saline group, 0.10 and 0.15 polygonum bistorta L. Water extract groups and morphine group with 10 in each group. All mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract solution and 0.01 mg/g morphine solution, respectively. GJ-8402 hot-plate pain response threshold detector was used in this study; pain response temperature was (55.0±0.5) ℃; pain response after licking hindfoot was regarded as reactive marker; latency of pain response threshold was within 60 s. Pain response was measured at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration with hot-plate test. ③ Effect of morphine, naloxone and polygonum bistorta L. Water extract on pain response of mice induced by hot-plate test: Thirty female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: saline group, naloxone+morphine group and naloxone+polygonum bistorta L. Water extract group with 10 in each group. All mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.004 mg/g naloxone solution+0.01 mg/g morphine solution and 0.004 mg/g naloxone solution+0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract solution, respectivelu. Pain response was measured at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration with hot-plate test. ④ Effect of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract on pain response of mice induced by electric stimulation: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group. All mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract and 1 g/L morphine, respectively. Pain response was measured at 20, 35, 50 and 70 minutes after administration with electric stimulus method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Times of twisting-body reaction; ②duration of pain response induced by hot-plate test; ③ analgesic rate induced by electric stimulation.RESULTS: All 150 healthy adult Kunming mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Times of twisting-body reaction: At 15 inutes after administration, times of twisting-body reaction were less in 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract group and amidazofen group than those in saline group [(15.1±11.1), (8.0±6.5), (6.3±3.2), (54.1±20.2) times, t=3.532-3.681, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Duration of pain response induced by hot-plate test:At 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration, durations of pain response induced by hot-plate test were longer in 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract group and morphine group than those in saline group (t=2.676-3.683, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ③ Duration of pain response was longer in naloxone + polygonum bistorta L. Water extract group than that in saline group at each time point after administration (t=2.676-3.563, P＜ 0.05-0.01); however, duration in naloxone + morphine group was close to that in saline group (P ＞ 0.05). ④ Analgesic rate induced by electric stimulation: At 20, 35, 50 and 70 minutes after administration, analgesic rate induced by electric stimulation was higher in 0.10 and 0.15 mg/g polygonum bistorta L. Water extract group and morphine group than that in saline group (t=3.455-3.634, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: ① Polygonum bistorta L. Water extract has the obviously analgesic effect, whose intensity is close to that of amidazofen and morphine. ② Naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, can resist analgesic effect of morphine but not that of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract. This suggests that analgesic effect of polygonum bistorta L. Water extract dose not react through exciting opiate receptor.

Objective To study the efficacy of linezolid on gram positive bacterial infection in elderly patients and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia.Methods A retrospective analysis of 50 elderly patients treated with intravenous linezolid for gram-positive bacterial infection from January 2008 to October 2010 was conducted.Clinical data and bacteriological responses were assessed.Efficacy of linezolid on infection and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in elderly patients were analyzed.Results The average duration of treatment was (13±2) d,the efficacy rate was 74 ％ and the bacteriological eradication rate was 69 ％ (18/26).Thrombocytopenia occurred in 24 patients during the treatment,and the average platelet count was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment[(146±87) 109/L vs.(239± 114) 109/L,t=3.888,P=0.000)].Thromhocytopenia was associated with the baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Based on a Logistic regression analysis,the baseline platelet count ＜ 200 × 109/L was identified as the only significant risk factor for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in elderly patients (OR =0.244,95％CI:0.068-0.874,P=0.030).The mean platelet count was decreased significantly after 7 days of treatment,and decreased to the lowest value 1-2 days after the end of therapy.Conclusions Linezolid is effective and safe for the elderly with gram-positive bacterial infection,especially hospital acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.Linezolid has little effect on liver and renal function in elderly patients,but it can cause thrombocytopenia,which is associated with baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Platelet counts should be monitored during treatment and measures should be taken to prevent hemorrhagic tendencies.

Objective To investigate the correlation of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) genetic polymorphism in two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) of Chinese Han population in Northeast China.Methods A total of 327 individuals were enrolled in the study including 95 adult patients with biopsy-proved IMN (IMN group) followed up for (25.4±11.6) months and 232 healthy people identified by healthy examination in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University (HC group).Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotype and allele frequency of rs35771982 and rs3828323 site in PLA2R gene.The x2 test was performed to compare the distribution difference of allelic frequency and genotype frequency of the two sites in PLA2R gene between two groups.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factor of IMN.Results IMN and HC group were matched in male predominance and body mass index (BMI).Patients with IMN were older than the healthy controls and had higher Scr,serum total cholesterol (TC),24-hour urine protein level and lower serum albumin (Alb) level,lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than the healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.01).The CC genotype frequency and the C allele frequency at SNP rs35771982 site of PLA2R gene in IMN group were significantly higher than those in HC group (x2=13.658,P=0.001;x2=15.315,P=9.10× 10-5),whereas there was no distribution difference of genotype and allele frequency at rs3828323 site between two groups (x2=2.844,P =0.241; x2 =2.959,P=0.085).The CC genotype at rs35771982 site in patients with IMN was not related to,age,gender,BMI,blood pressure and several laboratory indexes such as Alb,TC,Scr,eGFR and 24-hour urine protein level (all P ＞ 0.05).Unconditional Logistic regression analysis revealed that the genotype at rs35771982,age,TC,Scr and eGFR were correlated with IMN occurrence.The CC genotype at rs35771982 was the risk factor of IMN (OR =4.408,95％CI 1.488-13.058).Conclusions The CC genotype and C allele at rs35771982 site in PLA2R may be associated with the susceptibility to IMN,whereas the correlation between gene polymorphism at rs3828323 site and IMN is not demonstrated.The CC genotype at rs35771982 is the independent risk factor of IMN in Chinese Han population in Northeast China.

Background Posterior capsular opacification(PCO) is common complication after extrecapsular extract of cataract.Matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) can degrade all the extracellular matrix except polyose.The gene therapy of PCO upon MMP-3 is the researching hot topic.Fibronectin ( FN ) is a degrade gelatin,so its expression can reflect the effect of MMP-3 on LECs indirectly. Objective The aim of this study was to construct MMP-3 eukaryotic recombination plasmid and transfect to lens epithelium cells(LECs) for the observation of MMP3 expression,and to explore the feasibility of gene therapy for after cataract. Methods Six fresh lenses were obtained from pigs.LECs were cultured using explant method.The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 was reconstructed with MMP-3 and pEGFP-N1 plasmids.The accuracy of MMP-3 gene fragment was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis.After transfecting pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 into LECs of pig,the expression of MMP-3 protein in the cells was indirectly observed by green fluorescent protein.The expression of FN in LECs was detected using Western blot. Results The result of double enzyme digestion was consistent with the base number of pEGFP-N1 plasmids and target fragment.By enlacing the result of DNA sequencing analysis with software,the resemblance of the DNA sequence of MMP-3 from recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 and that of homo MMP-3 was 99.6％,indicating that the target fragment was inserted to pEGFP-N1 plasmids successfully.Green fluorescence for GFP was seen in the LECs in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 transfected group,but absent response for GFP was in empty vector group.Western blot revealed that the relative expression level of FN in LECs was 0.666±0.008 in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 trasfected group and 0.326 ±0.071 in empty vector group,with a significant difference between these two groups(P=0.000). Conclusions Eukaryotic recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 is successfully constructed,and MMP-3 can be expressed in LECs after transfected.These results lay a foundation for the further research of MMP-3 gene therapy for PCO.