Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) of cultured rat retinal Müller cells in high glucose environment in vitro.Methods Mtüller cells were isolated from retinas of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day three to five by trypsin digestion,and were randomly divided into six groups,including normal control group,high glucose group,high glucose +5 U/ml rhEPO group,high glucose+ 10 U/ml rhEPO group,high glucose+ 20 U/ml rhEPO group,high glucose+40 U/ml rhEPO groups.After 48 hours,the apoptosis of retinal Müller cells were assayed by terminal transferase-mediated DNA end labelling assay,and the expression levels of GS protein were detected with semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry.Results Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability and GS protein were reduced while the cell death increased in Müller cells cultured in high glucose,the difference was statistically significant (t =27.4,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the high glucose group,rhEPO treatment reduced the apoptotic Müller cells (t=857.2,2 374.6,2 473.2,2 537.7; P＜0.01),induced the expression of GS proteins (t=3.2,18.0,22.5,26.4; P＜0.05).Conclusions rhEPO can protect Müller cells from apoptosis under high glucose condition.The mechanism may be related to its function to up-regulate the GS protein expression,promote glutamic acid cycle,and reduce the excitotoxicity effects of high concentration of glutamate.

By collecting literatures on apoplexy recorded in"Database of Basic TCM disease"from 2001 to 2005,we statistically analyzed changes on volume of documents,major authors,major journals,and contents of study in these literatures.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tong Du Wen Yang (unblocking the Governor Vessel and warming yang) in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Method Twenty-eight eligible ALS patients were randomized into two groups by following the visiting sequence. Thirteen patients in the control group were intervened by orally taking Riluzole tablets; 15 cases in the treatment group were by Tong Du Wen Yang needling in addition to oral administration of Riluzole tablets. Before treatment and after 6-month treatment, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by using the Chinese medicine syndrome and sign scoring for Wei-flaccidity diseases and Appel function scale.Result After the treatment, the Chinese syndrome and sign scoring scores for Wei-flaccidity dropped in both groups, and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Appel scores dropped in both groups after the treatment, while the decrease in the treatment group was less significant than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Tong Du Wen Yang needling plus orally taking Riluzole tablets can produce a more significant efficacy than using Western medication alone in treating ALS.

Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) are distinct from peripheral blood NK (pbNK) cells,which constitute up to 70％ of the decidual leukocyte population in the first half of pregnancy,and are considered to have a cytokine-secreting role rather than cytotoxic function.It plays an important role in trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling.As a result of imbalance of uNK cells,pathological pregnancy appeared.Herein,the origin of uNK cells and its function in pregnancy were veviewed.

Objective To study the effect of estrogen on cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis of rat induced by isoprotere-nol by modeling cardiac inj ury induced by bilateral ovariectomized (OVX)and isoproterenol (ISO).Methods Fifty female SD rats with bilateral ovariectomy and sham operation (Sham)were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham operation group (Sham group), bilateral ovariectomy group (OVX group),cardiac injury group (OVX+ISO+Vehi group),low dose estrogen treatment group (OVX+ISO+E2 a group,4μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ),high dose estrogen treatment group (OVX+ISO+E2 b group,40μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ). these status were separately measured:rats′general features,hemodynamics parameters monitored of carotid artery,morphological observation and cardiomyocyte contraction change of single-cardiomyocyte separate cultured,cardiomyocyte apoptosis protein ex-pression were detected by immunoblotting.Results ISO significantly reduced myocardial pump function,increased hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes,reduced contractility of single cardiomyocytes (P<0.05).High-dose estrogen (40μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) replacement therapy significantly improved ISO induced cardio inj ury and cardio functions decreasing,also inhibited Bax expression and caspas-3 activation and decreased myocardial hypertrophy and cardiomyocytes apoptosis through increasing Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05),significantly.while low dose estrogen (4μg·kg-1 ·d-1 )treatment showed marginally protection effects on ISO in-duced cardio inj ury with no statisticly significance.Conclusion Appropriate dose estrogen replacement therapy can decrease cardio-myocyte apoptosis,improve cardiomyocytes contractility,so as to protect ISO-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective To preliminary investigate and summarize the experiences of maintaining renal function and caring the cardio preoperative patients who have renal insufficiency (renal failure stage). Methods The treatment and cared for five cardio preoperative patients who had renal insufficiency were studied, those patients had been hospitalized in Peking University People′s Hospital for cardiac surgeries from June 2013 to January 2016. Results All the five patients had received preoperative renal maintenance, none of them got severe acute renal failure, and four of them had to get regular hem dialysis treatment after discharging. One of them died because of heart failure. Conclusions Renal insufficiency is a high risk for cardiac surgeries, however, it is not a contraindication for cardiac surgeries. Preoperative evaluation, preoperative caring and the application of CRRT can reduce the complications and improve the prognosis.

To investigate the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on the levels of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase isoforms (nNOS and iNOS), rat organotypic hippocampus slice were cultured in vitro and subjected to ischemia by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 30 min and then placed in the normal culture condition. The ischemia-reperfusion produced a time-dependent increase in nitrite levels in the culture medium. Reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction showed augmented levels of mRNA for both nNOS and iNOS when compared with control at 12 h and remained increase at 36 h after OGD (P < 0.05). The protein levels of both nitric oxide synthase isoforms increased significantly as determined by Western Blot. OGD also caused neurotoxicity in this model as revealed by the elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux into the incubation solution. The results suggest that organotypic hippocampus slice is a useful model in studying ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. NO and NOS may play a critical role in the ischemia-reperfusion brain damage in vitro.
Animals, Newborn ; Cell Hypoxia ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for content determination of paeoniflorin in refined coronary tablets.METHODS:HPLC was performed on Kromasil C18 column at room temperature,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid solution(13∶87),the detection wavelength was 230nm with flow rate 1ml/min and sample size 10?l.RESULTS:Paeoniflorin was linear with the peak area in the range of 0.317?g～1.587?g(r=0.9 999),the average recovery was 100.1%(RSD=1.46%).CONCLUSION:The established method is simple,reliable,reproducible and can be used for the quality control of refined coronary tablets.

Objective To explore the immunologic changes and its immunologic mechanism in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods T lymphocyte subpopulation, serum interleukin 2 receptor (SIL 2R), interleukin 6(IL 6), interleukin 8 (IL 8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF ?), nitric oxide (NO), immunioglobin(Ig), complement (C 3), the percentage of RBC C 3b receptor rosette(E C 3b RR), RBC immune complex rosette ( E ICR) and cerebral artery hemodynamics was tested in newborns with HIE and normal controls. The umbilical blood samples and peripheral blood samples were obtained at the time of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 12～14 days and 26～28 days after birth. Results Birth asphyxia and HIE were associated with under regulated immune function, which include:(1) T Cell population disorder. In HIE and control group, CD 3 +were(62?8)%vs(65?10)%,CD 4 +(39?7)% vs (46?8)%,CD 8 +(33?6)% vs (19?5)%,CD 4 +/CD 8 + ratio (1.8?0.7) vs (2.5?0.7) on 1 to 3 days after birth. There were no signficant difference in both group on 26 to 28 days after bith ). (2)The IgM and C 3 were decreased.(3)The cytokins were abnormal. (4) RI was negetively correlated with IL 6 ( r=-0.61,P

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence between cefadroxil capsules and its reference capsules and pharmacokinetics in 22 male healthy volunteers METHODS:A dose of 1 000mg cefadroxil(test and reference products)was given according to a randomized cross-over design Plasma concentrations of cefadroxil and internal standard(amoxicillin) were determined by HPLC RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of both preparations fitted to a one-compartment model The main parameters of test and reference products were as follows:T1/2ke were (1 40?0 15)h and (1 44?0 23)h;Tmax were (2 3?0 5)h and (2 2?0 3)h;peak concentrations(Cmax) were (30 59?4 25)?g/ml and(30 57?4 24)?g/ml,AUC were(99 31?14 50)?g/(ml?h) and (99 22?15 11)?g/(ml?h)respectively CONCLUSION:Relative bioavailability was(100 42?7 62)% The two formulations were bioequivalent