It is important and challenging for geriatricians and general practitioners to detect early and diagnose senile dementia in outpatient setting.After providing the definition of dementia,this article will discuss prompt recognition of dementia based on symptoms and signs, the neuropsychological assessment,and the biomarkers of dementia,as well as differential diagnoses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in elderly patients presents distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics of large volume and histological grade Ⅲ,and it is seen most frequently in invasive ductal carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and lobular carcinoma.Elderly women with TNBC significantly benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.But older women frequently have concurrent disease,so neoplasm staging,function of vital organs and tolerance of patient should be considered when treatment programs are selected.The prognosis of older TNBC patient is worse,but rational therapy can improve outcomes significantly.

Objective: To identify the existence of the specific NMP in the human normal colon tissues and different differentiation of colon carcinoma,and try to study the association between changes of nuclear matrix protein and biological behaviar of colorectal colon carcinoma.Methods:Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used in the analysis of 12 matched human colon carcinomas and adjacent normal samples.MMP-9 and CB were detected by immunohistochemical SP method.Results: Analysis of multiple gels for each sample revealed that 5 proteins were present in tumor samples,but not in the matched normal colon tissues;and 3 proteins in normal colon tissues but not in the colon carcinomas.There were different NMPs in different types of colon carcinoma.One nuclear matrix protein(called N4) appeared in 9 moderate-well differentiational colon carcinomas without lymph node metastasis and in 12 normal colon tissues,but were absent in 3 poor differentiational colon carcinomas with lymph node metastasis.The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of MMP-9 and CB in poor differentiational colon carcinoma which was lack of expression of NMP N4 was strongly positive,and was stronger than that in the moderate-well differentiational colon carcinomas which expressed NMP N4.Conclusion: The data suggests that there are colon carcinoma-specific NMPs.There are different NMPs in different types of colon carcinomas,and with or without lymph node metastasis.Colon carcinoma-specific NMPs may serve as the tumor markers of colon carcinoma in future.There is a relation between changes of nuclear matrix protein and lymph node metastasis of colorectal colon carcinoma;the changes of NMPs probably play a role in MMP-9 and CB expression of colon carcinoma.

Objective To compare effect of GLEDI and alteplase on acute ischemic stroke. Methods 120 patients were randomly recruited into a GLEDI group and a alteplase group, and treated with the corresponding medicine respectively.The changes of NIHSS and hemorheology were observed. Results NISS and hemorheology in both groups were declined.There was statistic difference (P＜0.05). The GLEDI group had a greater decline in ESR than the alteplase group, showing statistic difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion Both GLEDI and alteplase were effective in treating acute ischemic stroke. They have relatively same effects ifthey were used to a full therapeutic course.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of nimodipine combined with Shengmai injection on hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: 24 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized within 24 hours of symptom onset were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Both groups were given routine treatment, including reducing intracranial pressure and blood pressure and nourishing brain cells. Treatment group were additionally given nimodipine and Shengmai injection. The intracranial hematoma, perihematomal edema and CSS score were observed and compared between two groups as well as clinical efficacy. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy, the level of intracranial hematoma, perihematomal edema and CSS score of treatment group were lower than that of control group, with statistical significance (P

With the development of medical radiography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in stomatology because of its numerous advantages, such as adequate spatial resolution, low radiation, undistorted three- dimensional tissue information, and good applicability for hard tissue imaging. Traditional periapical radiography is based on two-dimensional image which displays the three-dimensional object and its surrounding structures. Periapical radiography can only show the overlapping mesio-distally direction bone destruction, can't show buccolingual direction bone destruction. As a kind of three-dimensional imaging technology, CBCT can show three-dimensional structure of the organization from sagittal, coronal and axial direction, to overcome the defect of two-dimensional image such as overlap and deformation. CBCT has a unique advantage than periapical radiography in the diagnosis and treatment for periapical disease. This review will summarize the difference between CBCT and periapical radiography in the periapical disease.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Periapical Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Bitewing

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in young patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 198 consecutive young patients with ischemic stroke were selected from either the outpatient or inpatient department of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2006 to January 2010. They were divided into a PFO group (n = 125) and a non-PFO group (n =73) according to whether the existence of PFO on tranesophageal echocardiography. The occurrence of PFO was observed by tranesophageal echocardiography and right heart contrast echocardiography. The examinations of the related risk factors were performed in all the patients. Results: Circled digit oneThe patients in the PFO group were younger than those in the non-PFO group (37±10 vs. 43±10). The diffe-rence was statistically significant (P<0.05). Circled digit twoThe stroke-related risk factors, such as the proportions of patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, and hypercholesterolemia in the PFO group were lower than those in the non-PFO group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Circled digit three Eighteen patients (14.4%) were complicated with atrial septal aneurysm in the PFO group, and only 5 patients(6.8%) in the non-PFO group. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.018). Circled digit fourThe proportion of patients without any risk factors in the PFO group was higher than that in the non-PFO group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: PFO may be an important cause of ischemic stroke in young patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of penehyclidine hydrochloride on postoperative cognitive function in the elderly patients.Methods Ninety-three ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ elderly patients,aged ≥65 yr,weighing 55-71 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =31 each):penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.010 mg/kg group (group A),penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.015 mg/kg group (group B) and atropine 0.010 mg/kg group (group C).Their preoperative Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE) scores were ＞ 27.At 30 min before anesthesia,groups A,B and C received intramuscular penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.010 mg/kg,penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.015 mg/kg and atropine 0.010 mg/kg,respectively.The cognitive function of the patients was assessed within 72 h after operation using MMSE.Diagnostic criterion of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was defined as MMSE score ≤27.POCD and the degree were recorded within 72 h after operation.Results Compared with group A,postoperative cognitive function was significantly decreased at each time point after operation and the incidence of POCD was significantly increased in group B (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group C (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group B,postoperative cognitive function was significantly enhanced at each time point after operation and the incidence of POCD was significantly decreased in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can depress postoperative cognitive function and the effect is related to the dose.

Objective To discuss the relationship between the infection of respiratory viruses and secretory otitis media(SOM). Methods The alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase(APAAP) bridged rapid diagnosis was used to detect the antigens of the common respiratory viruses in middle ear effusions(MEES). Results One or more kinds of antigens of respiratory viruses were detected in 73.9% MEES. Six kinds of antigens were detected in three patients' MEES at the same time. There were significant differences positive rates of the antigens of respiratory viruses in MEES with or without a cold history(P