Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

A total of 120 medical students were surveyed to investigate the current status of communication between medical students and old patients and the awareness of medical laws. The questionnaire shows many students don't have enough knowledge of communication skills and medical laws. Furthermore, the most important reason of the medical disputes is the lack of communication between doctors and patients so the cultivation of communication skills and legal knowledge should be strengthened.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary disease characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptor cells. Disease pathology primarily affects rod photoreceptor cells first but light-insensitive cone photoreceptor bodies can survivor longer. Delivered by adeno-associated viral vector or lentiviral vector, expression of microbial-type rhodopsin, channelrhodopsin-2 or archaebacterial halorhodopsin in the survived retinal cells can substitute for the native phototransduction cascade in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. It can also restore light sensitivity and activate all retinal cone pathways and drive sophisticated retinal circuit functions. Thus, expression of channelrhodopsins or halorhodopsin might be a potential strategy for the restoration vision of patients with RP.

Objective To investigate the situation of oxygen supplement and the incidence and clinical characteristics of long-term oxygen inhalation newborns in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods The records of oxygen supplement and the related clinical data of 12 155 neonates admitted in our NICU from Oct 2009 to May 2011 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.The results were compared with the data from a survey on 19 hospitals in China which reported by other authors.Results In 12 155 newborns,4 951 were full term,7 204 were preterm.One hundred and two patients (0.84％,102/12 155 ) accepted oxygen for more than 28 days.Among them,88 were preterm,14 were full term,with the average gestational age (31.16 ±3.70) weeks,the average birth weight (1.60 ±0.68) kg and the mean oxygen supplement period (40.60 ± 12.25) d.Finally,98 were cured or improved,4 died.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in 7 204 preterm infants was 1.22％ ( 88/7 204) according to the standard of continuous oxygen supply more than 28 days after birth.The incidence of BPD in preterm infants less than 32 weeks was 4.92％ (68/1 381 ) according to the standard of continuous oxygen supply more than 28 days after birth,while the rate was only 2.10％ (29/1 381 ) according to the standard of continuous oxygen supply more than 36 weeks postmenstrual age.The rates of BPD according to the two different standards were significantly different ( x2 =16.251,P ＜0.001 ).There were significant differences in the rate of supply oxygen( x2 =119.99) and supply oxygen time( F =109.27 ) among different gestational age groups in overall the 5 499 neonates ( P ＜0.001 ),but no significant differences in the average time of oxygen supply and mechanical ventilation among different gestational age groups in infants with long-term oxygen dependence ( P ＞ 0.05 ).There were significant differences in rates of pulmonary surfactant therapy,heart failure,retinopathy of prematurity,congenital heart disease,other congenital malformation and mortality among different gestational age groups in long-term oxygen dependence infants (x2 =8.789,13.538,23.176,7.778,8.842,8.246,P ＜ 0.05 ).As compared with the data from 19 hospitals,the corrected rate of long-term oxygen supplement in preterm infants in our hospital was obviously lower[0.99％ (71/7204) vsl.54％ (190/12 351),P ＜0.001].Conclusion Theincidence of BPD in our NICU is low.Lower gestational age,immature lung and secondary lung injury may be the mainly cause of neonatal long-term oxygen dependence,but some factors such as congenital heart disease,congenital malformations should be considered in more mature infants.The most appropriate standard for BPD still remains to be discussed.

Objective To investigate the causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with mental disorders. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with SAP complicated with mental disorders who had been admitted to Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College from 2000 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. The causes, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results Of the 86 patients, 38 were caused by internal milieu disorder, 9 by pancreatic encephalopathy, 23 by infectious-toxic encephalopathy, and 16 by Wernicke encephalopathy. The manifestation of the patients with SAP complicated with mental disorders was complex, varied and nonspecific. Individualized treatment was applied to all patients after the analysis of the causes, and most patients recovered except 14 who died of hemorrhage or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Conclusions Internal milieu disorder should be first considered when patients have mental disorders which occurred at the early phase of SAP, then pancreatic encephalopathy should be considered. The infectious-toxic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy should beware of when the mental disorders occur in the late phase of SAP. Individualized treatment according to the causation and comprehensive treatment are effective in preventing and treating mental disorders which occurred in the course of SAP.

BACKGROUND: Directly percutaneous injection of protein-denaturant hydrochloric acid (PDHA) into tumors can lead to fast killing of tumor, sustained drug release and prevention of in situ recurrence of tumor. However, whether implants can be used combined with denaturant still remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the compatibility of fluorouracil implants and PDHA (6 mol/L). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study was performed in the Hefei Industry University between October 2006 and March 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 78 Wistar rats, weighing (200i20) g, half males and half females, were used for testing drug release in vivo. Drugs fluorouracil implants (H20030345; columniform particle, diameter 0.8 mm, length 4 mm; specifications: Fluorouracil 2 mg/particle; batch number: 20060922; meeting the National Drug Quality Standards [WS1-(X-103)-2005Z]) were provided by Wuhu Zhongren Pharmaceutical Company,Ltd. Hydrochloric acid (37%) was analytical reagent. METHODS: 96 tubes of the implants and PDHA were kept at (37.0± 0.5) ℃. Each time, six samples were collected at 1, 8, 16, 24, 96, 120, 168, 240, 360, 432, 480, 528, 600, 720, and 960 hours after incubation. Appearance of the implants was observed by microscope. Stability of fluorouracil in PDHA was determined by HPLC and ultraviolet absorb method. Based on the entering quantity and residual quantity of fluorouracil, the release rates were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The approximate solubility, stability and morphological change of fluorouracil in denaturant and the corresponding drug release character in both denaturant and rats in vivo. RESULTS: At (37.0±0,5) ℃, the fluorouracil was stable for 960 hours in PDHA, the saturated concentration of fluorouracil was (22.72±0.04) g/L. The appearance of implants was intact. The surface was porous. Compared with the speed of releasing drug in rats, the speed of releasing drug was faster in the early stage of release process and slower in the later stage. The drug release was incomplete. At 1, 24, 96, 360 and 960 hours, the implants' release rates were (11.9±6.7)%, (37.9±5.3)%, (52.6±4.5)%, (75.3±3.8)%, and (85.5±2.1)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The fluorouracil implants and hydrochloric acid (6 mol/L) are compatible and no influence is detected during the observation.

0.05).The serum PICP of tubercular meningitis children after 4 neeks glucocorticoid therapy (108.85?46.13) ?g/L was significantly lower than that in control group((154.38)?47.98) ?g/L and glucocorticoid- pretreatment (152.99?44.78) ?g/L (P

Objective:To master the information of the communication between undergraduate students and parents,so as to provide basis for strengthening university student's psychology work.Methods:We used the investigation questionnaire designed by ourselves,investigated 841 undergraduate students in ShanXi Medical University and established SPSS 11.5 database carrying on statistical analysis.Results:62.2% students ring up their parents once a week,5% students call once a day,22.7% students call once a month,and 10.1% students wait for their parents to call them.8.4% students think that they have generation gap of communication with their parents,10.3% students fully obey their parents,81.3% students use parental words to encourage themselves.Conclusion:Family is an important factor for students' psychological development.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between vascular active peptide, apelin level and blood pressure in a coastal population of Fujian province.
Methods: A total of 1031 subjects with the mean age of (55.1 ± 10.9) years in a coastal area of Fujian province were included in this cross-sectional study, and 416 subjects with male gender. The questionnaire survey, physical examination and plasma level of apelin measurement were conducted. Based on JNC-7 deifnition of hypertension, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: ① Hypertension group, the patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg, n=496. ② Pre-hypertension group, SBP at (120-139) mmHg and/or DBP at (80-89) mmHg without medication, n=314.③Normal BP group, SBP<120mmHg and DBP<80mmHg without medication, n=221. Based on 4 quartiles of apelin levels, the subjects were further divided into 4 groups:Q1 group, apelin<164.8 ng/ml, n=258. Q2 group, apelin at (164.8-<220.0) ng/ml, n=258. Q3 group, apelin at (220.0-283.1) ng/ml, n=258. Q4 group, apelin>283.1 ng/ml, n=257. One way analysis of variance, covariance analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to study the
relationship between apelin level and BP.
Results: The apelin level in male gender (220.57 ± 78.87) pg/ml was lower than female gender (232.06 ± 81.17) pg/ml. Compared with Normal group, Pre-hypertension group had decreased apelin level, compared with Normal and Pre-hypertension groups, Hypertension group had decreased apelin level, P<0.05. Compared with Q1 group, Q2, Q3 groups presented decreased SBP, DBP and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and compared with other 3 groups, Q4 group had decreased SBP, DBP (not including Q2, Q3 groups) and MABP, P<0.05. With adjusted age and gender, SBP, DBP and MABP were signiifcantly different among 4 quartiles of apelin groups, P<0.05. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that SBP, DBP and MABP were negatively related to apelin level, such relationship remained the same after adjusting the other cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: Apelin level dropping accompanying with BP increasing implies that vascular active peptide, apelin involved in BP regulation.

Objective To explore the clinical related prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in treating malignant hematological diseases. Methods From September 1997 to August 2008,a total of 26 patients with hematological diseases were treated with allo-HSCT from HLA identical-sibling and haplo-identical donors in our hospital, including 14 patients with acute leukemias,10 with chronic myeloid leukemias,and 2 myelodysplastic syndromes. Results All patients achieved sustained full donor type engraftment. The cumulative overall survival (OS) was 63.9 %,and cumulative disease free survival (DFS) was 62.6 %. Fifteen patients had graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (57.7 %),including 8 acute GVHD(aGVHD) (30.8 %) (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD was 15.4 %) and 7 chronic GVHD. GVHD between HLA identical-sibling and haplo-identical donors was different and there was statistic difference between the two groups (P=0.014). 4 patients relapsed,7 patients died. The univariate analysis showed OS were correlated with grade Ⅳ aGVHD (P=0.05) and CMV infection (P=0.027). Conclusion Allo-HSCT is effective for the cure of patients with malignant hematological diseases. The key to improve the efficacy of HSCT is to reduce the incidence of transplant-related complications,especially GVHD and infection.