Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Terminology as Topic

Diabetes is seriously hazards to human health and its pathogeneses are not clear. Recent studies show that the imbalance of intestinal flora and the development of diabetes are closely related. Appropriate bacteria can improve blood sugar disorder. Treating diabetes from the theory of Pi-Wei is effective. Regulating intestinal flora has become a new pathway for treating diabetes from the theory of Pi-Wei. On the basis of intestinal flora, authors discussed the treatment of diabetes from Pi and Wei.
Bacteria ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; microbiology ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans

Objective To produce a hybridoma secreting stable monoclonal antibodies against Aβ22-35 and to develop a detection method for the assay of Aβ. Methods Spleen cells from Balb/cmice immunized with Aβ22-35-KLH were fused with mouse myeloma cells SP2/0. The techniques of immunoprecipitation and western blotting plus ECL were used to investigate the levels of Aβ in the rat brain. Results Two strains of hybridomas (3A8 and 3B2) secreting stable monoclonal antibodies raised against Aβ22-35 were obtained. The subtypes of Aβ22-35 were IgG3. The levels of Aβ in young and older rat brain were 9.8±2.8 and 13.36±2.65 (pmol/12mg brain tissues, x±s), respectively. Conclusion The Aβ22-35 mAb obtained had high titres and specificity. The levels of Aβ in the older rat brain were significantly increased as compared with the young one (P＜0.05).

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

Objective To determine,the clinical significance of serum myocardial enzymes (Mb,cTNI, CK,CK-Mb,AST,LDH) in the classification of the disease severity of non-cardiogenic critically-ill patients. Compared with APACHEⅡscore concerned as the standard diagnosis of the critical ills,these biomarkers were investigated for the evaluation possibility of the degree and the prognosis of the critical ills.Method Patients admitted to our EICU were consecutively collected for the research from April to December in 2005 and the myocardial enzymes,and routine serum biochemical test and APACHEⅡscore were detected simultaneously.All the patients were classified to three groups according to the APACHEⅡscore (mild group,APACHEⅡ25) and two groups (survive group and death group) according to the prognosis.All the patients were followed up till recovery/discharge or death. Covariance,Wilcoxon and x~2 were used for the statistical analysis.Results The myocardial enzymes rose when the disease deteriorated and the APACHEⅡscore went up.AST,LDH,CK,CK-Mb,Mb were significantly different in the three groups according to the APACHEⅡscore (P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the biocompatibility of a kind of scaffolding material,Injured Nerve Regenerated Materid(INRM), which play the roles of regeneration of nerve after traumatic brain injury.MethodsINRM scaffolding material were transplanted into cortex of rats after traumatic injury.The brain coronal sections were stained for Nissel, astrocyte and microglia at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after injury.ResultsThe presence of INRM did not alter patterns of astrocyte compared with the control group (detected with antibodies against GFAP) at any time point; but decreased the expression of microglias (detected with antibodies against OX42) compared with the control group.ConclusionThe biomaterial INRM is well suited as a biocompatible scaffold material for the repair of brain injury in the brain.

OBJECTIVE: To evalute the effects of TAK-147, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on rat spatial memory deficit using the Morris water maze. METHODS: Morris water maze was used to measure spatial memory in rats, and open field test was used to analysis locomotor activity. RESULTS: Scopolamine (0.4mg/kg,IP) significantly increased the latency period in memory acquisition. Intraperitoneal TAK-147 injection ameliorated scopolamine-induced deficit in a dose-related manner. A significant effect was obtained at doses of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg. Both TAK-147 (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) and tacrine (3 and 5 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) increased latency in memory retrieval. However, TAK-147 had a more potent effect than tacrine. In the locomotor test, TAK-147 created no appreciable change, compared with scopolamine or saline. CONCLUSION: A novel acetycholinesterase inhibitor, TAK-147 ameliorates the scopolamine induced impaired spatial memory in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel technique of optical recording and its validation for assessment of the neuroprotective effect of nimodipine, a L-type calcium channel blocker. METHODS: In vitro ischemia was induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), the light transmittance (LT) of rat hippocampal slices undergoing OGD and reperfusion was quantitated using a simple apparatus relying on basic principles of light transmittance and a computerised image analysis system. RESULTS: OGD was associated with increased LT in the stratum radiatum of CA1 area and the dentate gyrus in hippocampal slices. Peak LT occurred (7.59 +/-1.42) min after OGD, followed by a marked decrease in LT (n=15 slices). Nimodipine administration (0.5 &mgr;mol/L, n=10 slices, 5 &mgr;mol/L, n=9 slices) appeared to protect the tissue from OGD damage by inhibiting elevation of LT, However, 50 &mgr;mol/L nimodipine resulted in increased LT (25.83 +/-6.32). min after administration (n=11 slices). CONCLUSION: LT signal measurement is a non-invasive, reliable method for determination of neuronal damage in ischemic rat brain slices Nimodipine is demonstrated opposite neuroprotective effects depending on its dose.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbs for stasis removing and collaterals dredging (CHSRCD) upon angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis in the renal cortex of diabetic nephropathy rats.

METHODSTotally 89 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (C group, n=22), the high-glucose high-fat control group (H group, n=10), and the streptozotocin (STZ)-injecting group (n=57). The diabetes rat model (n=50) was induced by feeding high-glucose high-fat diet in combination with intraperitoneal injection of STZ, which were further divided into the model group (M group, n=24), the irbesartan group (I group, n=13), and the CHSRCD (Z group, n=13). Rats in I and Z groups were intragastrically fed with suspension of irbesartan and CHSRCD, once daily for 16 weeks. Equal volume of drinking water was administrated to rats in the rest groups. Blood glucose and 24 h urine protein quantitation were tested at four time points. And the mRNA expression of ACE2 and Mas at various time points was detected by Real-time PCR, immunohistochemical assay, and Western blot. Quantitative analyses of ACE2 and Mas protein expression were performed at the end of week 16.

RESULTSCompared with the C group, blood glucose increased in the H and M groups (P < 0.01). It was higher in the H group (P < 0. 01). 24 h urine protein quantitation at different time points increased in the M group, and it was higher than that in the H group (P < 0.05). Compared with the M group, 24 h urine protein quantitation decreased at the end of week 8 in the I group, and at the end of week 8 and 16 in the Z group (P < 0.05). It was lower in the Z group than in the I group at the end of week 16 (P < 0.05). Compared with the C and H groups, the expression of ACE2 mRNA in the renal cortex was lower in the M group at the end of week 16 (P < 0.01). Compared with the M group, it was higher in the Z group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the expressions of Mas mRNA at the end of week 16 between the C group and the M group (P > 0.05). It was lower in the M group than in the H group (P < 0.05). It was higher in the Z group than in the M group (P < 0.05), and higher than in the I group (P < 0.05). The expression of ACE2 and Mas protein in the M group decreased as time went by. The expression quantitation of ACE2 and Mas protein at the end of week 16 was lower in the M group than in the C group (P < 0.05). Compared with the M group, ACE2 expression of the Z group and Mas of the I and Z groups increased more significantly (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCHSRCD could play a role in renal protection for diabetic nephropathy rats by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 and Mas, promoting the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis, and lowering urinary protein.

Angiotensin I ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney Cortex ; metabolism ; Male ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism

The 1H-NMR fingerprints of three different species tibetan medicine sea buckthorn were established by 1H-HMR metabolomics to find out different motablism which could provide a new method for the quality evaluation of sea buckthorn. The obtained free induction decay (FID) signal will be imported into MestReNova software and into divide segments. The data will be normalized and processed by principal component analysis and.partial least squares discriminant analysis to perform pattern recognition. The results showed that 25 metabolites belonging to different chemical types were detected from sea buckthorn,including flavonoids, triterpenoids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc. PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed three different varietiest of sea buckthorn that can be clearly separated by the content of L-quebrachitol, malic acid and some unidentified sugars, which can be used as the differences metabolites of three species of sea buckthorn. 1H-NMR-based metabonomies method had a holistic characteristic with sample preparation and handling. The results of this study can offer an important reference for the species identification and quality control of sea buckthorn.
Hippophae ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Metabolomics