The blood vessels of the adrenal gland of 28 fetuses and newborns were studied in this work. Three methods, the injection replication of the microvasculature for scanning electron microscopy, the injection of ink for light microscope and lead latex injection for gross anatomy, have been used. The superior, middle and inferior arteries of the adrenal gland originate from the inferior phrenic artery, abdominal aorta and renal artery respectively. They branch into fin- er arteries when they reach the surface of the gland and run through the capsule of the gland. The finer arteries divide into branches beneath the capsula of the gland. Some of the ultimate branches divide into capillaries and form the subcapsular plexus proper. Others enter directly into the adrenal cortex and medulla separately. They are named the cortical arteries and medullary arteries. Looped cortical arteries run into the cortex from subcapsular plexus, and return to the subcapsular plexus and supply it with blood. We call them the "V" type arteries. The subcapsular plexus gives off numerous capillaries that form the adult cortical capillary plexus which supplies, in turn, the fetal cortex capillaries with blood. The cortical arteries give off the capillaries to supply blood to the fetal cortex. These two kinds of the capillaries form the fetal cortical capillary plexus. In the middle of the fetal cortex the capillaries converge into small veins which run centripetally. Some of them form the first order branch of the central vein. Others break up into the capillaries near the central region. These capillaries converge into the small venous channels which drain into the central vein. This form of vessels is named the "portal vessels". Medullary cells migrating in the cortex are supplied with blood by the medullary arteries proper. The small veins converge gradually to form a treelike pattern and finally drain into the central vein which emerges as the adrenal vein on the anterior surface of the gland. The right adrenal vein drains into the vena cava inferior and the left one into the renal vein. Adrenal arteries are accompanied by the corresponding veins. The superior adrenal vein drains toward the inferior phrenic vein. The middle adrenal vein drains into the adrenal vein, and the inferior one into the renal vein.

TRP(transient receptor potential) ion channel is a kind of membrane proteins which are widespreadly present in various cells,which is used to identify various mixed flavor and warm,heat,cold,and other temperature.Originally cloned as a proatate-specific protein.TRPM8 is now best known as a cold-and menthol-activated channel implicated in thermosensation.We provide a brief review of current knowledge concerning the biophysical properties,gating mechanisms,pharmacology and(patho)physiology of this TRP channel.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS). METHOD: The clinical findings, morphologic features and immunohistochemical markers in one case of SNTCS were studied, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. RESULT: The Tumor tissue is composed of three layers, with mature and immature squamous epithelium nests, neural epithelial cells and olfactory neuroblastoma-like cells derived of ectoderm; Sarcomatoid components and bone tissue derived of mesoderm; The glandular and tubular structures part of which is adenocarcinoma and respiratory epithelium derived of endoderm; The fetal clear cell squamous epithelium is typical. In addition, diffuse large cytoplasm-with high light and cytoplasm with dark light has no obviously boundery. Immunohistochemical staining showed immune markers of different germ layers corresponding, squamous epithelium, glandular epithelium and respiratory epithelium were positive for CK and EMA, neural epithelial cells and olfactory neuroblastoma-like cells were positive for S-100, NSE and Syn, sarcomatoid area was positive for Vim, light dye area was positive for Vim, CD99 and CK, dark area was positive for NSE and GFAP. CONCLUSION SNTCS is a rare malignant tumor with the features of teratoma and carcinosarcoma, its histopathological and immunohistochemical features were typical, should be more drawn and sliced to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinosarcoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology

ObjectrueTo evaluate magnetic resonancec ho langiopancreatography (MRCP) in the diagnosis of acute or chronic pancreatitis . MethodsMRCP was undertaken in 30 patients with chronic and 9 with acute pancreatitis. Comparison was m ade with findings at ERCP.ResultsOf 196 segments of biliary-pancreatic duct analyzed, 17 were not seen at MR CP (sensitivity, 91%). Of the segments visualized at MRCP, 14 were incorrect ly characterized (accuracy, 92%). At MRCP, segments not detected or mischara cterized were either normal, slightly dilated, or narrowed. MRCP image quali ty was not interpretable in two cases due to artifacts. ConclusionVery good correlation between ERCP and MRCP findings was demonstrated. MRCP may substitude for ERCP, particularly in pa tients who cannot undergo ERCP or in whom ERCP has been unsuccessful.

The more and more application of assistive technology in special education not only makes education placement of student with disability diversification, but also provides more opportunity for them to participate in instruction. However, there are some problems remained, such as the application is still in low level, the lack of the systematic evaluation for their efficacy and so on. It is necessary to pay more attention on the assistive technology, cultivate more specialists and other related persons on assistive technology, create assistive technology system, and perfect the service system.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Sprains and Strains ; therapy ; Young Adult

AIM To observe the effect of sodium orthovanadate on glucose and maltose absorption and to reveal its mechanism. METHODS ① Normal Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups at random, 0 9% NaCl group, acarbose group(30 mg?kg -1 ) and sodium orthovanadate high dose(16 mg?kg -1 ), middle dose (4 mg?kg -1 ) and low dose (1 mg?kg -1 )groups. The values of blood glucose of all the groups were measured with oxidation enzyme method after administration of glucose and maltose. ② The ? glucosidase was abstracted from the upper small intestine and the inhibitory effect of sodium orthovanadate on ? glucosidase was examined. RESULTS ① Sodium orthovanadate could delay the peak values of plasma glucose induced by glucose, with AUC in these groups lower than that in controls, that is (8 42?0 63) mmol?h -1 ?L -1 ( P

Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone(Dex) on expression of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in rabbit non-pigmented ciliary epithelium(NPCE).Methods To construct rabbit corticosteroid-induced glaucoma model and then compare the differences of AQP4 expression in NPCE with normal controls by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods,as well as Western blot method.Results The immunohistochemistry results indicated that the AQP4 expression in NPCE of DEX group(OD=0.119?0.072) was suppressed(0.242?0.056)(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula on expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in ischemic myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A total of 100 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham-operated group, untreated group, metoprolol (Betaloc) group, and high- and low-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula groups. Acute myocardial infarction was induced in the untreated group, Betaloc group, and high- and low-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula groups by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After 12-day treatment, microvessel density (MVD) in ischemic myocardium was detected by immunohistochemical method, while expressions of VEGFR-2 and HIF-1alpha proteins were detected by Western blotting, and expressions of VEGFR-2 and HIF-1alpha mRNAs were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: MVD in the untreated group was increased significantly, higher than those in the normal control group and the sham-operated group (P<0.05) and lower than those in the high- and low-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula groups and Betaloc group (P<0.01). VEGFR-2 and HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA expressions in the untreated group were higher than those in the normal control group and the sham-operated group (P<0.05). VEGFR-2 and HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA expressions in the high- and low-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula groups and Betaloc group were higher than those in the untreated group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the high- and low-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng extract can up-regulate the protein and mRNA expressions of VEGFR-2 and HIF-1alpha and increase MVD in ischemic myocardium to improve myocardial ischemia so as to promote the development of collateral circulation.