With?the?development?of?medical?radiography,?cone?beam?computed?tomography?(CBCT)?has?been?widely?used?in?stomatology?because?of?its?numerous?advantages,?such?as?adequate?spatial?resolution,?low?radiation,?undistorted?three-dimensional?tissue?information,?and?good?applicability?for?hard?tissue?imaging.?Traditional?periapical?radiography?is?based?on?two-dimensional?image?which?displays?the?three-dimensional?object?and?its?surrounding?structures.?Periapical?radiography?can?only?show?the?overlapping?mesio-distally?direction?bone?destruction,?can’t?show?buccolingual?direction?bone?destruction.?As?a?kind?of?three-dimensional?imaging?technology,?CBCT?can?show?three-dimensional?structure?of?the?organization?from?sagittal,?coronal?and?axial?direction,?to?overcome?the?defect?of?two-dimensional?image?such?as?overlap?and?deformation.?CBCT?has?a?unique?advantage?than?periapical?radiography?in?the?diagnosis?and?treatment?for?periapical?disease.?This?review?will?summarize?the?difference?between?CBCT?and?periapical?radiography?in?the?periapical?disease.