Objective To explore the effect of continuing care on the intermittent catheterization compliance of patients with neurogenic bladder. Methods From January to December, 2015, 60 patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury receiving intermittent cathe-terization were randomly assigned to control group (n=30) and intervention group (n=30). The control group received routine discharge in-struction, while the intervention group received continuing care in addition. The intermittent catheterization compliance, residual urine vol-ume, urinary tract infection and quality of life were assessed at discharge and three months after intervention. Results After intervention, the intermittent catheterization compliance was better in the intervention group than in the control group (χ2=7.500, P=0.006). The residual urine volume significantly decreased in both groups (t>12.040, P<0.001), and was less in the intervention group than in the control group (t=-2.190, P=0.032), as well as the urinary tract infection rate (χ2=10.800, P=0.001). The score of quality of life increased significantly after intervention in both groups (t>4.572, P<0.001), and was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (t>5.505, P<0.001). Con-clusion Continuing care could improve the intermittent catheterization compliance, reduce the residual urine volume and the urinary tract in-fection rate, and improve the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder after discharge.

Objective To investigate the prevalent situations of norovirus infection and genotype distributions in 2014 in Suzhou area .Methods A total of 322 fecal specimens were collected from infants with suspected viral diarrhea at Children′s Hospital of Soochow University in 2014 .Norovirus genogroupⅠ and Ⅱ was detected by reverse transcription (RT )‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ,In an effort to identify norovirus genotypes , RNA dependent RNA polymerase region (region A ) and capsid region (region C) segment of some samples positive for norovirus was amplified by RT‐PCR .Comprehensive molecular characteristics of norovirus were obtained by sequence analysis of the same samples in different regions .Results Among 322 fecal specimens ,67 cases were positive for norovirus of G Ⅱ group ,and norovirus of GⅠ group was not found .The genetic fragments of region A was successfully detected in 42 strains .Among all 42 specimens ,there were 35 GⅡ .e strains ,3 GⅡ .7 strains ,2 GⅡ .17 strains and 2 GⅡ .12 strains .The genetic fragments of region C was successfully detected in 53 strains .Among these 53 specimens ,there were 44 GⅡ .4‐2012Sydney strains ,4 GⅡ .6 strains ,2 GⅡ .17 strains ,2 GⅡ .3 strains and 1 GⅡ .2 strain .Conclusions It′s indicated that G Ⅱ .4‐2012Sydney is the main genotype of norovirus causing viral diarrhea in Suzhou ,and other genotypes including the new GⅡ .17 variant ,GⅡ . 7/GⅡ .6 and GⅡ .12/GⅡ .3 recombinant strains also exist .

Mitochondria is an important organelle in mammalian cells with multiple functions,such as ener-gy production and cell homeostasis maintaining. It is known that hundreds of diseases are associated with mi-tochondrial defects. The studies show that the exoge-nous mitochondria can directly enter mammalian cells in vitro, and they also can quickly transform into ani-mal tissues by local or intravenous injection. Current-ly, it has raised a new therapeutic strategy for mito-chondrial diseases, called mitotherapy, which trans-plants exogenous functional mitochondria into mito-chondria-defective cells. The mitochondria in recipient cells play their own roles, including energy produc-tion,maintaining free radical balance,and cell viabili-ty recovery. Since there is no effective method for mito-chondria-related diseases up to now, the mitotherapy will provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Background Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide;while the different types of glaucoma is vary from different region. Objective Present study was to survey the prevalence and types of glaucoma among peasants of Uigur adults in Kuche county and offer the basis for the prevent and treatment of glaucoma in Uigur nationanlity. Methods 4191 Uigur peasants aged 40 years or above were collected in Kuche county for the survey of prevalence and types of glaucoma by randomized cluster sampling in March and April of 2009. The subjects were grouped into 40-,50-,60- and ≥70 years groups according to the distribution of age. The disease history of glaucoma, regular eye examination, funds examination and measurement of the anterior chamber depth, gonioscope were performed in the all subjects. Darkroom prone test and mydriasis test were carried out in suspicious glaucomous patients. The depth of periphery anterior chamber was assessed based on van Herick' s criteria, and the width of chamber angle was graded based on Scheie' s method. The standardized training was performed. This survey approved by Xinjiang Medical Ethics Committee, all subjects signed the informed consent before the examination. Results 4191 of 4873 subjects finished all the examinations with the response rate 86%. All the subjects showed a good compliance. The prevalence of glaucoma was 3. 79% , and the prevalence of primary angle-closed glaucoma(PACG) .primary angle-open glaucoma (PAOG) and secondary glaucoma was 2.22% ,0.26% and 1. 31% respectively, showing a significant difference among the different types of glaucoma( P<0. 05). The prevalence of glaucoma was elevated with aging (χ2 - 116. 69 ,P<0. 05) and presented a high rate in male subjects compared with female ones(χ2 = 7. 34, P<0. 05 ). Bilateral blindness was found in 19.75% glaucoma peasants, in which 25.3% glaucoma peasants received anti-glaucoma surgery. The distribution of visual acuity of patients was of significant difference among different age groups(χ2 = 37. 69 ,P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions The prevalence of the glaucoma among Uigur peasants in Kuche county was higher than most area no matter inland or overseas. PACG still is the common type in those people.

Objective To explore the current status of the prenatal care quality and the influencing factors in Hangzhou City. Methods We used sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Chinese version of QPCQ to investigate 383 pregnancy women who were at 36 weeks' gestation or greater by convenient sampling method from September to December in 2016. Results A total of 350 questionnaires were valid. The average age of 350 samples was (29.71±3.67) years old. There were 231 primiparas which accounted for 66.00％. Among them, 196 (56.00％) were satisfied with the prenatal care they received, and 153 (43.70％) think general, and only 1 (0.30％) felt unsatisfied. The score of the Chinese version of QPCQ was 3.61±0.50. The item "My prenatal care professional (s) always answered my questions honestly" had the highest scores of 4.10±0.62, while "My prenatal care professional (s) did things hastily" had the lowest scores of 2.44±0.96 . By multiple linear regression analysis, those people who had more visiting time (β' = 0.21, P<0.01), less waiting time (β' = -0.18, P<0.01) and the cognition of the essentiality of pregnancy school (β' = 0.12, P=0.02) were more likely to give higher regards for the quality of prenatal care. Conclusion Sufficient time scored relative lower in the whole questionnaire. So, hospitals could take efforts to shorten the waiting time by promoting the hospital process optimization, making good use of this period time and other strategies, so as to improve the quality of prenatal care.

To design and synthesize a series of novel scutellarein 4'-L-amino acid prodrugs with more potent anti-oxidative activity and improved physicochemical properties. Scutellarein was used as lead compound, according to successful experience of improving bioavailability of oral administration drugs by active transport mechanism, principle of hybridization was used to introducing L-amino acid structural fragments at 4'-position of scutellarein to design and synthesize target scutellarein 4'-L-amino acid prodrugs. The synthetic compounds were tested on their physicochemical properties and in vitro anti-oxidative activity against H202 induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Five compounds were found to have more potent anti-oxidative activity than positive control VE. Moreover the physicochemical properties of synthesized compounds were evaluated, and the results revealed that L-amino acid ether derivatives are more stable (t1/2 9-92 h) than their corresponding ester derivatives (t1/2 0.5 h). Water solubility of scutellarein 4'-L-amino acid ester and ether derivatives were 1 796-4 100 microg.mL-1 and 27.7-81.1 microg.mL-1 respectively, in comparison with scutellarin, the solubility of compounds 18, 19 and 22, 24-27 increased about 120-280 fold and 2-6 fold respectively. All these results suggested that L-amino acid prodrug strategy has significant potential in scutellarein prodrug design.
Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Apigenin ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Biological Availability ; Drug Design ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Prodrugs ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo analyze the expression of genes from chromosomal region 22q11.2 and assess the association between mutation(s) of particular gene(s) from this region and malformations of the urinary system.

METHODSExpression of rat homologs of 33 genes from above region was determined in kidney tissues derived from rats of different fetal development ages (E13, E15, E19) and adulthood with reverse transcriptase-PCR. Potential mutation(s) in candidate gene SNAP29, whose expression pattern appeared to be unique, was screened in 44 patients and 220 normal controls with PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Suspected positive regions were sequenced to verify the mutations.

RESULTSNine genes showed no expression throughout the whole development process; 18 genes with various expression levels showed continuous expression from the beginning of development; 6 genes only expressed for a short time, among which SNAP29 was selected for mutation screening. Upon sequencing, three mutations were identified from the 44 patients, including a G to A transition (GAG to AAG) in exon 2, and two A to G transitions (AGC to GGC) in exon 3.

CONCLUSIONThrough systematic analysis of the expression of genes from chromosomal region 22q11.2, the SNAP29 gene was found to have a potential role in the development of genitourinary system. Two missense mutations were identified in three patients. These included one in exon 2 (featuring cryptorchidism), and the other in exon 3 (featuring cryptorchidism and hypospadia). Neither of the mutations was found in the normal controls. The results suggested that mutation(s) of gene(s) from chromosomal region 22q11.2 may play an important role in the genesis of genitourinary malformations.

Animals ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Qb-SNARE Proteins ; genetics ; Qc-SNARE Proteins ; genetics ; Urogenital Abnormalities ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of CMV gB genotypes on viral load and treatment time in patients with CMV infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODSViral load was detected by real-time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Q-PCR), CMV gB genotypes by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (PCR-RFLP) in 115 patients with CMV infection (CMV-DNA positive) after HSCT during July 2004 and May 2010.

RESULTS(1) The distribution of CMV gB genotypes in HSCT recipients were as following: gB1, 42/115 (36.52%); gB2, 3/115 (2.61%); gB3, 43/115 (37.39%); gB4, 2/115 (1.74%). 20 patients (17.39%) had a combination of 2 different CMV genotypes and 5 patients (4.35%) had a CMV variant that lacked an RsaI digestion site, herein named gB5. (2) The median viral load were 2.7×10(3)(1.81×10(3) ∼ 6.03×10(4)) in gB1, 4.0×10(3) (1.32×10(3) ∼ 6.39×10(4)) in gB3 and 1.2×10(4)(2.28×10(3) ∼ 6.50×10(5)) in mixed gB. There was no statistical difference in viral load between gB1 and gB3 (P > 0.050). There was significantly statistical difference in viral load between single-gB (gB1 or gB3) and mixed-gB (P < 0.05). (3) The median treatment time was 17 days in mixed-gB and 14 days in single-gB. There was significantly statistical difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion gB genotype may have an impact on CMV DNA load and treatment time in HSCT recipients with CMV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore whether angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] protects cardiac myocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by inhibiting ClC-3 chloride channels.

METHODH9c2 cardiac cells were exposed to 35 mmol/L glucose for 24 h to establish a cell injury model. The cells were treated with Ang-(1-7) or the inhibitor of chloride channel (NPPB) in the presence of HG for 24 h to observe the changes in HG-induced cell injury. Cell counter kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to test the cell viability, and the morphological changes of the apoptotic cells were detected using Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescent microscopy. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by DCFH-DA staining, SOD activity in the culture medium was measured using commercial kits, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the cells was tested with rodamine 123 staining. The expression level of cardiac ClC-3 chloride channels was detected with Western blotting.

RESULTSExposure of H9c2 cardiac cells to 35 mmol/L glucose for 24 h markedly enhanced the expressions of cardiac ClC-3 channel protein (P<0.01). Co-treatment of the cells with 1 µmol/L Ang-(1-7) and HG for 24 h significantly attenuated HG- induced upregulation of ClC-3 channel protein expression (P<0.01). Co-treatment of the cells exposed to HG with 1 µmol/L Ang-(1-7) or 100 µmol/L NPPB for 24 h obviously ameliorated HG-induced injuries as shown by increased cell viability, enhanced SOD activity, decreased number of apoptotic cells, and reduced intracellular ROS generation and loss of MMP (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONClC-3 channels are involved in HG-induced injury in cardiac cells. Ang-(1-7) protects cardiac cells against HG-induced injury by inhibiting ClC-3 channels.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-1377C/T and expression of TLR3 with the susceptibility to enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis in children.

METHODSA total of 187 children with EV71 infection (59 children in the encephalitis group and 128 in the non-encephalitis group) and 232 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TLR3.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR3-1377C/T between the non-encephalitis group and the encephalitis group. Compared with the control group, the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 (P<0.05), and the non-encephalitis group had the highest level (P<0.05). The encephalitis group had a significantly higher EV71 viral load than the non-encephalitis group (P<0.01). The children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 compared with their counterparts in the control group (P<0.05), and the children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the non-encephalitis group had a significantly higher serum level of TLR3 than those in the encephalitis group (P<0.05). In the encephalitis group, the children aged ≥1 year had a significantly higher TLR3 concentration than those aged <1 year (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the TLR3 concentration between the children aged ≥1 year and <1 year in the non-encephalitis group and the control group. In the encephalitis group, the proportion of children aged <1 year was significantly higher than those aged ≥1 year (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the development of EV71 encephalitis. Low expression of TLR3 might weaken the inhibitory effect on virus replication and promote the development of EV71 encephalitis. The deficiency in the expression of TLR3 in serum after EV71 infection might be an important factor for the development of encephalitis in infants.

Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Viral ; genetics ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; genetics