Objective To know the effects of living with the elderly on nursing students' willingness engaging in aged nursing and attitude towards the elderly so as to provide references for nurturing professionals for caring for the aged.Methods 231 nursing students were surveyed.The questionnaire included four parts,general information,life experience with the elderly,willingness engaging in aged nursing,attitude towards the elderly and cognition of aging.Results 45.9 percent of the nursing students were willing to engage in aged nursing.Living with elderly and relationship with the elderly affected their willingness.Conclusions Creating more opportunities for nursing students in touch with the elderly can help nursing students to have a good impression of the elderly and stimulate them to choose aged nursing.

Objective To know the nursing students' willingness engaging in geriatric nursing and analyze affecting factors so as to provide references for nurturing professionals for caring for the aged.Methods 231 nursing students were surveyed.The questionnaire included general information,life experience with the elderly,willingness engaging in geriatric nursing,attitude towards the elderly and cognition of aging.The investigation results underwent analysis.Results Single factor analysis showed that whether ever living with the elderly (x2=6.027),time living with the elderly and relationship with the elderly (x2=4.928) influeced the nursing students' willingness engaging in geriatric nursing.Multiple correspondence analysis indicated that nursing students living with elderly more than one year and having good relationship with the elderly had positive willingness.Conclusions Geriatric nursing curriculum should be optimized and more opportunities should be created for nursing students to be in touch with the elderly.At the same time,we must pay attention to occupation guide and moral education about how to respect and care for the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of prenatal ultrasonography in diagnosis of retroaortic left innominate vein ( LINV ) . Methods Thirty fetus with retroaortic LINV were involved , including 17 cases of isolated retroaortic LINV and 13 cases of complicated retroaortic LINV . Three-vessel and trachea ( 3VT ) view was focused in the routine second trimester ultrasound screening to observe whether LINV existing or not . And then the transducer was rotated to the fetal sagittal view to assess the relationship between LINV and aortic arch and the convergence of left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein into the LINV . Results The characteristic feature of retroaortic LINV was the LINV converge into right superior vena cava ( SVC) under the aortic arch ,not above the aortic arch . The most important plane to detect the retroaortic LINV was the 3VT view ,which revealed the abnormal vein lying to the left of pulmonary artery . The abnormal vein then could be traced and revealed its connection with the right SVC beneath the aortic arch on the transverse plane inferior to the 3VT view and on the fetal sagittal plane . Conclusions The whole course of retroaortic LINV can be revealed by ultrasound prenatally ,which can not only account for the abnormal vein to the left of pulmonary artery on 3VT view ,but also play an important role in surgery decision and future cardiac intervention treatment .

Objective To understand the pathogen distribution situation among the children inpatients with hand ,foot and mouth diseases(HFMD) in Guiyang area during 2012 to provide the basis for the diagnosis ,treatment and prevention .Methods The data in 3 179 cases of HFMD were collected .The fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR was adopted to perform the genotyping on universal enterovirus ,enterovirus 71(EV71)and Coxsackie virus A16(CA16) .Results A total 3 179 samples of HFMD were col‐lected ,among them ,151 cases (4 .75% ) were CA16 positive ,331 cases (10 .41% ) were EV71 positive ,7 cases (0 .22% ) were CA16 and EV71 co‐infection ,and 897 cases(28 .22% )were the other enterovirus .The whole year had 2 peaks of onset ,which were April to July and October to November .The onset age focused on the children aged under 5 years old (96 .16% ) ,among them ,0-3 years old had the highest onset ,moreover male children were more than female .Conclusion The etiology distribution of children HFMD in Guiyang area during 201 was dominated by the other genotypes of enterovirus and EV71 .

Objective To describe an intelligent three-dimensional technique for automatic visualization of the fetal cranial mid-sagittal view to allow for the differential diagnosis of fetal midline anomalies.Methods Two hundred and twenty pregnant women with singleton pregnancies were imaged to display the mid-sagittal view of fetal head using a new 3D program (Smart MSP) developed by our team.Results The mid-sagittal view of the fetal head was successfully visualized in 190 normal cases (95％) and 18 abnormal cases (90％) by Smart MSP program.The total successful rate was 94.5％ (208/220).Conclusions Smart MSP is a novel and feasible method for the automatic visualization of fetal cranial midsagittal plane and may become a potential tool for routinely screening the fetal midline anomalies.

ObjectiveTo summarize the echocardiographic diagnosis, clinical classification and prognosis of different types of fetal congenital cardiac malformation (FCMH).MethodsThe echocardiography sonogram characteristics for 429 cases with FCMH were summarized and analyzed by pathological findings and postnatal following-up.ResultsThe incidence of FCMH was 1.3% (429/33 800). In one hundred and seventy-seven caese of single structure malformation, there were 5 cases of Atrial septal defect and 55 cases of interventricular septal defect (34.5%, 61/177). The others including (116 cases): 10 cases of single atrium and 34 cases of single ventricle, 20 cases of Ebstein’s anomaly, 11 cases of tricuspid atresia and 6 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular seprum, 20 cases of pulmonary stenosis, 10 cases of coarctation of aortic arch and 4 cases of interruption of aortic arch, 1 case of pulmonary artery sling. In two hundred and thirty-three cases of symphysic teratism, there were 41 cases of double-outllet right or left ventricle (17.5%, 41/233) and Tetralogy of Fallot (40 cases, 17.2%, 40/233). The others (152 cases) including: 16 cases of complete and 18 cases of corrected transposition of great arteries, 38 cases of atrioventricular septal defect, 30 cases of truncus arteriosus persistens, 8 cases of total and 10 cases of partial abnormal pulmonary venous drainage, 14 cases of hypoplastic right heart and 6 cases of left heart syndrome, 9 cases of pulmonary artery atresia with ventricular septal defect, 2 cases of plysplenia and 1 case of plenia syndrome. Nineteen cases of instructure cardiac anomalies including 16 cases of heart tumor and 3 cases of endocardial ifbroelastosis. Nine cases were missed diagnosis and 7 cases were misdiagnosis. A total of 136 cases couldn′t be cured with an unfavorable outcome. Nighty three cases with severe FCMH could be cured. Fifty four cases needed emergent treatment postnatal, and 146 cases with mild abnormality.ConclusionsFetal congenital malformation of heart diagnosed by antenatal echocardiography is valuable for guiding the clinical decision in prevetion and treatment it can also reduce perinatal mortality with congenital malformation of heart.

Objective To study the distribution of genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Guizhou and its relationship between infec-tious route of genotype and age ,gender was analyzed .Methods Serum specimens in this study were obtained from 198 patients , whose anti-HCV and HCV RNA were positive .A reverse transcriptase PCR(RT nested-PCR)assay using conserved primers de-duced from the core-envelope 1(C-E1)region of the hepatitis C virus(HCV)genome was employed to amplify a 474-nucleotide-long fragment .Phylogenetic analysis of the C-E1 sequences was conducted by direct sequencing of the RT-PCR products and alignment with published HCV subtypes in GenBank .Subtypes of the samples were determined by nucleotide sequencing followed by composi-tion of a phylogenetic tree .Results Among the 198 patients surveyed ,genotype 1a was detected in 4 cases(2 .0% ) ,genotype 1b in 71 cases(35 .9% ) ,genotype 2a in 9 cases(4 .6% ) ,genotype 3a in 29 cases(14 .7% ) ,genotype 3b in 47 cases(23 .7% ) ,genotype 6 a in 37 cases(18 .7% )and genotype 6d in 1 cases(0 .5% ) .Genotype distribution on gender had no statistical significance(P>0 .05) , and its distribution on people with different ages had statistical significance(P<0 .05) ,and its distribution on patients with different infectious routes was significantly different(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The major genotypes of HCV are 1b ,3b ,6a and 3a in Guizhou , and genotype 1a is predominant .Genotypes 1a ,2a and 6d exist too .Genotypes of patients infected with HCV are related to their in-fectious routes ,and the HCV genotypes are in a great variety .

Objective To investigate the effect of improving the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)posi-tive detection rate by single sample nucleic acid amplification test (SS-NAT) in Shenzhen ,and to explore the effect of SS-NAT on reducing the risk of HIV infection in transfusion .Methods 269 228 blood samples were performed parallel detection by SS-NAT (Procleix Tigris ) and two kinds of enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA)reagents ,and then the samples with nonreactive by ELISA and reactive by SS-NAT were tested by HIV identification assay .The blood donors with reactive HIV identification assay were made tracing tests . All the samples with reactive by ELISA or HIV identification assay were sent to the Shenzhen Center for Dis-ease Control and Prevention (CDC) for Western Blot (WB) diagnostic tests .Results The samples with reac-tive by the third generation ELISA reagents ,the fourth generation ELISA reagents ,both ELISA reagents and SS-NAT were 188 ,340 ,422 and 103 ,which reactive rate was 0 .698‰(188/269 228) ,1 .263‰(340/269 228) , 1 .567‰(422/269 228) and 0 .383‰(103/269 228) ,respectively .We found four samples with nonreactive by ELISA but reactive by SS-NAT .The four donors were found HIV reactive by both ELISA and SS-NAT after tracing .All the samples with reactive by ELISA or HIV identification assay were sent to CDC for confirmatory tests and 103 of them were positive .The positive detection rate of transfusion-transmissible HIV infection af-ter ELISA detection was 1∶67 307(4/269 228) .Conclusion The application of SS-NAT in blood screening can improve the HIV positive detection rate ,shorten window period of HIV detection and reduce residual risk of transfusion-transmissible HIV infection ,and then blood safety can be effectively improved .

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, while the virtual colonoscopy plays an important role in the early detection of colon cancer. Effective colon segmentation is the basis of virtual colonoscopy. Oral contrast agent can reduce the use of laxatives, but it can to bring some difficulties in the colon segmentation. Because of the partial volume effect, the CT value of air-tagging boundary span a wide range, which are not easily eliminated. We present an effective method of colon segmentation in this paper. Firstly, we used adaptive threshold method to extract air area. Then we segmented tagging region and removed air-tagging boundary by segment region growing method based on statistical information and morphological operation. The experiments showed that the agreement between the results by manual and by orithm segmentation reached 93.4%.
Algorithms ; Colon ; diagnostic imaging ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; methods ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods

The advanced natural products chemistry researches accomplished by Chinese domestic scholars in 2017 have been reviewed in this survey. Selected naturally occurring compounds generally have extraordinary frameworks and/or significant bioactivities. A total of 139 distinctive compounds reported in 122 peer-reviewed publications were highlighted. Their origins, structural characteristics and promising bioactivities are introduced and illustrated herein mainly based on their structural classes and novelties.