Objective To investigate the clinical condition of incompatibility of common intravenous drug use,investigate variation of drug compatibility and promote rational drug use,reduce nurse-patient disputes and adverse drug reactions occurrence,ensure patient medication safety.Methods To search articles about drug incompatibility by retrieving the Articles Database such as Chinese Journal of Nursing,Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing,Chinese Journal of Practical Nursingfrom 2000 to 2013.The reported clinical drug incompatibility in the literature,involving the number of periodicals dealt with incompatibility,the type of drug compatibility,change of compatibility type,and other circumstances affecting patients were analyzed.Results In a total of 925 issued periodicals,688 articles reported incompatibility,which involved 700 types of drugs,compatibility of drug B involving 824 kinds.The common reported drugs were sodium fusidate,ambroxol injection,pantoprazole sodium omeprazole sodium,vinpocetine.The major compatibility changes were color reaction,turbidity,there-floe or precipitate,bubbles,etc.The incompatibility did not affect the patients generally.Conclusions The incompatibility of many drugs showed certain regular pattern.We should pay attention to the rational confect and clinical use.Nurses should master related knowledge and compatibility variation of the drugs,take effective measures to avoid the occurrence of changes in physical and chemical properties,and effectively promote clinical safety.

Objective\ To investigate the cardiovascular distribution of orphanin FQ (OFQ) and OFQ precursor mRNA in spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) and rabbit. Methods\ Reverse transcription polymerase chain reacrtion(RT PCR), and immunohistochemical method were used. Results\ The expression of OFQ precursor mRNA was detected from aorta, pulmonary artery, renal artery and vein of rat at a high level comparable with the amounts of brain, and a weak expression signal could also be observed in the atrium. The positive immunoreactive OFQ was detected in the tissues of aorta, atrium and renal of rabbit, as well as in smooth cells, endothelium and glomerulus. Conclusion\ These observations suggest that orphanin FQ might play a role in regulating the function of cardiovascular system and kidney, but the exact underlying mechanism needs further studying.

Objective To evaluate the effects on the mineral bone disorder using different calcium concentration citrate-based dialysate in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.To compare the concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone(PTH) with biointact PTH(1-84) in these patients.Methods Citrate dialysate with different calcium concentration (DCa 1.75,DCa 1.5,DCa 1.25 mmol/L)were used in turn in 15 stable MHD patients each week.Serum tCa and iCa were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The concentrations of iPTH and bio-iPTH were compared.Results (1) The patients treated with DCa 1.75 citrate dialysate had increased serum iCa and tCa after dialysis,and PTH did not change significantly as compared to those findings before the dialysis.With the DCa 1.5 citrate dialysate,serum iCa and tCa were kept stable and PTH level was increased.With DCa 1.25 citrate dialysate,serum iCa and tCa decreased significantly and PTH decreased.(2)iPTH and bioPTH had excellent correlations.Variation of bio-iPTH was more correlated with the changes of calcium than iPTH.Conclusions Serum levels of iPTH,tCa and iCa can be kept stable in MHD patients treated with DCa 1.75 ～ 1.5 citrate dialysate.Bio-iPTH is a more sensitive marker for mineral bone disease than iPTH.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of norisoboldine in Suoquan capsules. Methods: The chromatographic procedure with acetonitrile-water containing 0. 5% folic acid and 0. 1% triethylamine (10∶90) as the mobile phase was carried out on an Ecosil C18 HPLC(150 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm). The flow rate was at 1.0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 280nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results: The linear range of norisoboldine was within 38. 56-578. 40 ng ( r =0. 999 2), the average recovery of norisoboldine was 99. 9%(RSD=1. 7%, n=6). Conclusion:The method is highly sensitive, re-liable and accurate, and can be applied in the determination of Suoquan capsules.

Objectives:To study the relationship between nutrition status and renal function in renal disease patients. Methods: Body weight, height and the outcomes of blood biochemistry and routine were analyzed in 110 renal patients. Results: Body weight distribution in renal failure group had marked difference compared with nomal renal function group, and the number of patients whose actual body weight being lower than ideal body weight was obviously increased. The levels of RBC, Hb and TLC were significantly decreased(P

Objective To conduct a systematic review on the need and experience of patients in end of life and provide evidence-based guidance for delivery of end-of-life care in hospital and community settings. Methods Two Chinese (CBM and CNKI) and four English relevant databases (PsycINFO,MEDLINE,EMbase and CINAHL) were in-cluded to retrieve literatures on Chinese dying patients' needs and experience between inception and August 2016. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia was used to evaluate the quality of studies. The searching results were synthesized by employing Integrating Methods. Results Seventy-five findings were extracted from 9 qualified studies. The 75 findings were sequently integrated into 5 categories and finally 2 synthesized re-sults were summarized from the 5 categories. Integration result 1:under the sufferings from both physical and psy-chological aspects,dying patients require support from both family and society. Integration result 2:although death is acceptable for patients,they still hope for dignity and goals of life. Conclusion Needs of patients in end-of-life should be understood and respected. Reasonable and effective measures need to be taken to meet their needs and improve their quality of life.

Objective:To research the TLC identification method for Longdan Xiegan pills( honey pills) . Methods:TLC was used in the identification. The samples were extracted by 70% methanol with a heating reflux method, and then extracted by the agents with dif-ferent polarity, including petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol. The petroleum ether part was detected by fluorescence at 365nm for Angelica sinensis, and 1% vanillin-sulfuric acid color reaction was used to detect Alisma orientale. The ethyl acetate part was determined by fluorescence at 365nm for Scutellaria baicalensis, and the butanol part was detected with chloroform-methanol-water (30∶12∶3) as the developing solvent for Bupleurum and Glycyrrhiza, and with acetone-ethyl acetate-water (6∶6∶1) as the developing solvent for gentiopi-croside, geniposide and liquiritin. Results:The developed TLC spots were clear with good separation, high specificity and promising re-producibility. Conclusion:The method can be exactly used in the qualitative identification and quality control of Longdan Xiegan pills ( honey pills) .

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of 23-acetate alisol B in Longdan Xiegan honey pills by HPLC. Methods:The analysis was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid (62 ∶ 38). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the column temperature was 35℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 208nm. Results: The linear range of 23-acetyl alisol B was 19. 999 5- 1 999. 9500 ng(r =0. 999 9), and the average recovery was 95. 56%(RSD = 0. 7%, n = 6). Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used to control the quality of Longdan Xiegan honey pills with good repeatability and recovery.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhalation of different concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) on brain death (BD)-induced lung injury in rats. Methods Thirty-two pathogen free adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n= 8 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ brain death (group BD) and group Ⅲ and Ⅳ BD + CO 0.025% and 0.050% (group C1, C2 ). The animals were anesthetized and tracheally intubated. Fogarty catheter was inserted into the skull. BD was induced by inflating the balloon slowly at 20 μl/min until apnea developed. The animals were then mechanically ventilated (VT 10 ml/kg, RR 50 bpm, PEEP 2 cm H2O) with 40% O2 in N2 . In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ CO 0.025% and 0.050%were added to the air mixture respectively. In group S the balloon was not inflated. BD was confirmed by apnea,dilated pupils and flat EEG. In group BD,C1 and C2, MAP was maintained at 80-120 mm Hg by norepinephrine infusion. The arterial blood gas analysis was performed before (baseline) and immediately after BD was confirmed (T1) and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min (T2-5) of CO inhalation. The animals were then sacrificed. The plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lungs were measured. The W/D lung weight ratio and lung injury score (LIS) were recorded. Results BD significantly decreased PaO2/FiO2, BE and pH while increased plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, MPO activity in the lungs, the W/D ratio and lung injury score as compared with group S. CO inhalation ameliorated the deleterious effects induced by BD. The antiinfiammatory effect of 0.050% CO was better than that of 0.025 % CO. Conclusion Inhalation of 0.025 % or 0.050% CO can ameliorate BD-induced lung injury in rats, but there is no significant difference in the efficacy.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of adsorption(AP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the serum inflammatory mediators levels in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients.Methods Sixty-three SIRS patients were divided into treatment group (31 cases,AP combined with CVVH ) and control group (32 cases,CVVH ) by random digits table method.The changes of the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ),C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6 and IL-10 before and after treatment were compared in two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum TNF- α,CRP,IL- 1,IL-6,IL- 10 decreased after 2,26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in treatment group[after 2 h treatment:(226.4 ± 27.6) ng/L,(70.4 ± 22.1 ) mg/L,(30.1 ±2.9) ng/L,(227.5 ± 13.2) ng/L,(40.0 ±5.2) ng/L; after 26 h treatment:(165.3 ±24.5) ng/L,(58.2 ±25.1) mg/L,(18.2 ±2.7) ng/L,(82.4 ±7.2) ng/L,(26.2 ±4.3) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:( 120.6 ± 19.2) ng/L,(46.2 ± 24.6) mg/L,( 12.4 ± 2.3 ) ng/L,(38.1 ± 4.4 ) ng/L,( 15.2 ± 2.1 ) ng/L; before treatment:(350.8 ± 40.2) ng/L,( 126.4 ± 34.6) mg/L,(38.2 ± 3.6) ng/L,(307.7 ± 15.1 ) ng/L,(60.2 ± 9.3)ng/L,P ＜0.05].The serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 decreased after 26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in control group [after 26 h treatment:(262.7 ± 29.4) ng/L,(86.4 ±23.7) mg/L,(29.6 ± 3.1) ng/L,( 175.0 ± 10.6) ng/L,(42.7 ± 5.4) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:(219.3 ±25.6 ) ng/L,(75.6 ± 24.0) mg/L,(23.5 ± 2.8 ) ng/L,(99.0 ± 8.2 ) ng/L,(29.3 ± 4.8 ) ng/L; before treatment:(352.5 ± 40.4) ng/L,( 123.2 ± 35.2) mg/L,(37.5 ± 3.8) ng/L,(308.2 ± 15.3) ng/L,(58.4 ± 8.8) ng/L,P ＜0.05].There were significant differences in the serum TNF- α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 after 2,26 and 50 h treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAP combined with CVVH can effectively decrease the serum inflammatory mediators in SIRS patients and it's therapeutic effect is superior to mere CVVH.