Objective To investigate the detection results of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-Treponema pallidum anti-body (anti-TP )and anti-HIV in patients before transfusion and surgery. Methods Four infection indicators of 28 165 patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from June 2011 to May 2012,results were an-alyzed statistically.Results Of 28 165 patients,total positive rate was 12.15% (n= 3 422),the positive rate of HB-sAg,anti-HCV,anti-TP and anti-HIV was 8.69% (n= 2 447),1.31% (n= 368),2.07% (n= 583),and 0.09% (n=24)respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-HIV in male was higher than female (χ2 was 36.64,28.95,and 4.82,respectively,allP<0.05).In different age groups,positive rate of all indicators in<20 age group was lowest,while positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV,and anti-HIV were highest in 20-39 and 40-59 age groups,anti-TP was highest in ≥60 age group.Conclusion Detection of bloodborne pathogens before transfusion and surgery is helpful for realizing infection status of patients before transfusion and surgery.

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance of causative bacteria from the intestinal tract dysbacteriosis of the iatrogenic diarrhea patient,and to provide basis for choose the medicine for the clinical treatment of Ⅲ degree intestinal tract dysbacteriosis and internal infection caused by different causative bacteria. METHODS VITEK-ATB system was used to analyze and calculate the causative bacteria and their drug resistance from the intestinal tract dysbacteriosis of the iatrogenic diarrhea patient in the hospital from 2001 to 2003. RESULTS Causative bacteria for intestinal tract dysbacteriosis in order were enterococci(31.90%),yeast-like fungi(27.24%),Proteus(16.34%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(6.23%),Citrobacter(5.84%),Klebsiella(5.45%),toxin A producing Clostridium difficile(5.06%),and Staphylococcus aureus(1.94%).The yeast-like fungi had no drug resistance to amphotericin B and nystatin,the P.aeruginosa,Proteus and Klebsiella had no drug resistance to imipenem and meropenem,80% S.aureus were MRSA,and had no drug resistance to minocycline,nitrofurantoin,fusidic acid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. CONCLUSIONS In the process of treatment Ⅲ degree intestinal tract dysbacteriosis and interior-infection caused by different causative bacteria,choosing different sensitive medicine could remove the specific causative factors of the disease.

Objective To develop a model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS).Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:model,mock model and normal group.2% TNBS,50% ethanol and physiological saline were administered per-rectum to each of the three groups,respectively.Feces,psychosis and appetite were observed,body weight and food eaten were recorded daily.Rats were killed after 3,6 and 14 d,and the colons were isolated and histological findings were examined.Results On the first day,rats in the model group had loose and bloody stools,and the symptoms lasted for about 8 days.Body weight and food eaten were markedly decreased for 7-10 days.Obvious pathological changes in the colon were observed on third day and heavier on sixth day,characterized by mucosal necrosis and transmutable inflammation.In the mock model group,the rats had loose stools on first day,and recovered on second day.Light pathological changes were found on third day.In the normal group,no pathological changes were found in colon.Conclusion Rats treated with TNBS showed obvious characters of inflammatory bowel disease,which could be used as a model in study on etiopathogenesis and evaluation effects of medicines.

0.05).While the expression of C-erbB-2 rather than ER and PR was correlated to lymph node metastasis(P

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.021

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capabilities of nosocomial infection control in local general hospitals in handling public health emergencies,and to provide reliable data for future work.METHODS A random sampling questionnaire method was adopted to investigate how nosocomial infection control in local hospitals performed their functions and handled public health emergencies.RESULTS The 15 hospitals which were surveyed had all been equipped with computer network of directly reporting epidemic situations of infectious diseases.Four from 15 hospitals had full-time employees reporting epidemic situations,and 11 had part-time employees.Twelve hospitals established,according to standards,a department of infectious diseases or a department of pre-examination and sorting diagnosis.Seven hospitals did not have full-time staff of infection control till 2003.The rate of the staff's knowledge of nosocomial infection control was 73.7%.The medical wastes of the 15 hospitals were all disposed at the local medical waste disposal center.CONCLUSIONS Our city,in terms of nosocomial infection control,has acquired certain capabilities of handling public health emergencies.But the capabilities vary from hospital to hospital.Further improvement in some work is still needed.

BACKGROUND:Adrenomedulin gene transfection can strength the anti-apoptotic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels under ischemia and hypoxia, but its mechanism is not yet clear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of adrenomedulin on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels under hypoxia and ischemia.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, cultured and purified, and then cultured in serum-free medium under hypoxic condition for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hours. Then, western blot assay was employed to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 so as to determine the optimal hypoxia time that was determined at 6 hours of hypoxia. Depending on whether adrenomedulin pretreatment was done, the cels were divided into control group (with no adrenomedulin pretreatment before hypoxia and ischemia) and adrenomedulin groups with different concentrations (1, 10, 100 μg/L). Afterwards, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 was detected by using western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) After cultured in serum-free medium under hypoxia for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hours, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were increased (P < 0.05);at 6 hours of hypoxia, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression reached the minimum value (P < 0.05). (2) At 6 hours of hypoxia, the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein as wel as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio became the lowest in the 100 μg/L group compared with the 1 and 10 μg/L groups, but the expression of Bcl-2 protein reached the peak (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that adrenomedulin can reduce the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 protein in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels cultured in serum-free medium under hypoxic conditions, which is in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To evaluate the effects of remifentanil on the proliferation,the cell cycle and apoptosis of human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.Methods Human liver carcinoma cells HepG2 were cultured in vitro.The HepG2 cells of the test group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium with remifentanil at different concentration(0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,100,200 μmol/L).The HepG2 cells of the control group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hours.The level of the cell proliferation was evaluated with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.The cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry (FCM).The morphological change of apoptosis cell was observed by fluorescence microscopy after staining by Hoechst33258.Results Remifentanil inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cells with a dose-dependent effect.Compared with control group,the cell proliferation capability was apparently decreased in the test group (P ＜ 0.05) when the concentration of remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜0.05).However,no significant difference in cell proliferation was found when remifentanil was 100 and 200 μmol/ L.The ratio of G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced and the ratio of S phase of HepG2 cells was significantly decreased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.The fluorescent microscopy stained by the Hoechst33258 showed part of HcpG2 cells apoptosis in test group,and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The data suggest that remifentanil would inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Wuling Capsule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on hippocampal neurogenesis by examining the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS), and thereby to explore its antidepressant mechanism. Methods: Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=15), untreated group (n=15) and Wuling group (n=15). All rats except those in the control group were subjected to 3-week CMS to induce depression. At the same time Wuling Capsule was daily added to the diet of the rats in the Wuling group at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The degree of depression was determined by sucrose preference test. BDNF expression and neurogenesis were tested by using immunohistochemical staining with BDNF and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibodies; and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cx43 in hippocampus were examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: The numbers of BDNF-positive neurons and BrdU-positive particles in dentate gyrus (DG) were significantly decreased in CMS rats as compared with the normal rats, and the same changes were found in Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions. After Wuling Capsule treatment, the depressed behaviors were improved. Moreover, the reduced expression levels of Cx43 mRNA and protein and fewer newborn neurons induced by CMS were recovered to the normal levels. However, BDNF-positive cells remained low in DG. Conclusion: Wuling Capsule can improve the low hippocampal neurogenesis in rats subjected to CMS and the antidepressant effects are related to enhancing the Cx43 expression but not through BDNF mediation.

Objective To investigate whether lipids and reagents would interfere the results when serum total bile acid(TBA) was measured by enzymatic cycling assay.Methods The serum TBA was measured by enzymatic cycling assay.The carry-over contaminations of high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),cholesterol(TC),and triglyceride(TG)rea-gents were evaluated.In order to reduce the interference and carry-over contaminations,different washing procedures and detection sequence were set.Results By measuring the levels of TBA in pooled serums with low and high levels of lipids,the results showed that there was statistically significant difference between the groups with and without the addition of cleaning process before and af-ter TBA measurement(P <0.01).Cleaning with water might be more effective on reducing interference than those with acid solu-tion.Moreover,the mean of TBA levels in HDL-C,TC,TG and LDL-C reagents were (476.06 ± 1.88 ),(127.78 ± 1.18 ), (121.05±1.08),and (2.23±0.51)μmol/L,respectively.The stability of TBA level was greatly affected by HDL-C regents,fol-lowing by TC and TG reagents,and was little affected by LDL-C reagent.Setting up proper detection sequence and flushing proce-dures could obviously reduce the interference(P <0.01),but not completely rule out.Conclusion Analysis sequence and flushing procedures of biochemical analyzer as well as exogenous substance from reagents may seriously affect the accuracy of determination results.To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results,it is necessary not only to set up reasonable irrigation and reaction se-quence,but also to master the instrument operation,to know the principle of test reaction and the components of reagents as well as equipment maintenance.