Objective To assess the relationship between auditory evoked potential (AAI) index and plasma concentration of propofol administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in Chinese.Methods Ten ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ tumor patients (5 males,5 females) scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia was enrolled in this study.Age ranged from 34 to 61 years,body weight from 52 to 79 kg and height from 155 to 178 cm.Radial artery was cannulated for blood sampling.The patients were premeditated with intravenous injection Midazolam 0.06 mg/L.Anesthesia was induced by fentanyl 2μg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and TCI of propofol which the target plasm concentration was set at 3 mg/L.After intubation,the target plasma concentration of propofol was adjusted at 1.7～2.5 mg/L.Vecuronium was continuous infusions at 2～3mg/h.Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl-TCI of propofol-vecuronium and inhalation of 0.5 MAC isoflurane.The TCI system was composed of Base Primea company orchestra infusion pump using,the schnider pharmacokinetics model.ECG,Bp,HR,PETCO2,SpO2 and TETISO were monitored during anesthesia.Danmeter company A-line depth of anesthesia monitor recorded AAI index.Blood samples were taken at induction of anesthesia (To baseline),1,3,5,10,15,30,60 min (T1-7) and after cessation of infusion 10 and 20 min (T9-10).Plasma propofol concentration were determinated by fluorescence photometry.Results Compared with target concentrations,the measured concentrations of propofol were significantly lower during TCI(P＜0.05).There was negative correlation between AAI and plasma propofol concentrations(r=-0.818,P＜0.01).Conclusion On base of the Schnider pharmacokinetics model,the target propofol concentrations are not paralleled to plasma propofol concentrations which is descending with time prolongation.From negative correlation between AAI index and plasma propofol concentrations,AAI index will reflect indirectly plasma propofol concentrations.

Autoimmune Diseases ; Humans ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; Ulcer

There are many physical factors affecting the development of cartilage tissue,the mechanical con-dition is the main important one that particularly act.The mechanical conditions used in engineering cartilage tissue,such as compressive and shear force,fluid flow,hydrostatic pressure and tissue deformation or with some of them combined,were reviewed.From the standpoint of bionics,the mechanical environments ap-plied on tissue engineering should work in three aspects:providing adequately mechanical stimuli to the cells seeded in 3-D scaffold;ensuring the efficient mass-transport of the nutrients and waste products in the cells:promoting the development of functionally extracellular matrix in 3-D scaffold.The mechanical environments currently used only represented the part of mechanical conditions of in vive articular cartilage will be reviewed.In our view that rolling depression load may achieve the fit mechanical environment for cultivation of functional cartilage constructs in vitro.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCUS) in diagnosing lymph nodes metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer diagnosed by gastroscope and confirmed by pathology after operation were examined by DCUS preoperatively.The enhanced characteristic of gastric carcinoma tissues was assessed by autotracking contrast quantification(ACQ) software.The baseline intensity(BI), peak intensity(PI), arrival time(AT) and time to peak(TTP) of gastric cancer was measured automatically,and the enhanced intensity (EI) and wash-in time(WIT) of gastric cancer was calculated manually (EI=PI-BI; WIT=TTP-AT).All of the subjects were divided into two groups according to their lymph nodes status postoperatively:group N1,sixty-nine patients with lymph nodes metastasis; and group N0, forty-seven patients without lymph nodes metastasis.The DCUS quantitative analysis and pathological results of these two groups were compared each other.The Kappa's test was used for inter-rater reliability.Results BI of group N1 in the gastric carcinoma tissues was lower than that of group N0 significantly [(1.41 ± 1.56)dB vs (3.92 ± 2.82)dB, t = - 4.81, P = 0.000].EI of group N1 in the gastric carcinoma tissues was higher than that of group N0 significantly [(20.67±3.71)dB vs (14.12±3.75)dB, t=7.31, P=0.000].Moreover, there was a significant difference of WIT in the gastric carcinoma tissues between these two groups[(9.12±2.99)s vs (10.88±3.05)s, t =-2.43, P=0.018].The WIT in patients with lymph nodes metastasis was shorter than that without it. A cut-off value ＞17.05 dB of EI in gastric cancer tissues for assessing the lymph nodes metastasis had a sensitivity of 80.50% and specificity of 76.70% respectively obtained by the area under the ROC curve. The Kappa value of this method was 0.88.Conclusions EI of gastric cancer tissues can be considered as a new potential index to evaluate the lymph nodes metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective To assess the value of tumor marker immunostaining-FISH (TM-iFISH) technology on concen?trating and enumeration of tumor cells in CSF of lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis(LM). Methods Six cases of non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis, which were diagnosed by CSF cytology or enhanced MRI scan, were selected. A total of 20 mL of CSF was collected in each case. TM-iFISH technology was employed to concen?trate and quantify circulating tumor cells in 7.5 mL CSF samples in each case while CSF cytology used 10 mL CSF samples in each case;Finally, the rest 2.5 mL CSF in each case was used for biochemistry assay. Results Ten CSF samples from 6 patients with non-small lung cancer with LM were assayed and tumor cells numbers ranging between 3 and 1 823 every 7.5 mL were found in 7 samples. On the other hand, CSF cytology examination only revealed tumor cells in 3 cases. Using CSF biochemical assay, higher than normal of protein level was found in 9 cases. TM-iFISH technology was employed again in 3 cases of patients who received treatment. Tumor cell count in CSF reduced in 2 out of the 3 cases. Conclusion TM-iFISH technology is a new method for detection and enumeration of tumor cells in the CSF in non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. This technology present diagnosis and curative values in lung cancer patients with leptomen?ingeal metastasis.

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Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of immunoFISH technology in detecting tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for adjuvant diagnosis of meningeal metastasis from lung cancer. Methods:Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were detected by im-munoFISH technology in CSF samples from 16 patients with meningeal metastasis from lung cancer and 8 patients with non-tumorous brain diseases. Meningeal metastasis from lung cancer was diagnosed on the basis of neurological symptoms and confirmed by en-hanced magnetic resonance imaging and CSF cytological examination. Results:The number of CTCs was significantly greater in pa-tients with meningeal metastasis from lung cancer than in those with non-tumorous brain diseases (P<0.01). The critical point of the maximum correct diagnosis index (Youden index) was regarded as the judging criterion for the positive tumor cells in CSF based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. When one tumor cell existed in 7.5 mL of CSF, the area under the curve was 0.875, and the 95%confidence interval ranged from 0.705 to 1.000. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, effectiveness, positive predictive values, and neg-ative predictive values were 75.0%, 100.0%, 83.3%, 100.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion:ImmunoFISH technology provides great significance in detecting CTCs in CSF to diagnose meningeal metastasis from lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate cardiac function in fetuses with intracardiac hyperechogenic focus (ICEF) by tissue Doppler imaging(TDI).Methods Fetal echocardiography was performed in 335 fetuses for evaluation of fetal cardiac function with ICEF by TDI,two-dimensional,M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography.The ratio between early ventricular filling(E-wave)and active atrial filling(A-wave)peak velocities at the level of the atrioventricularvalves as an index of ventricular diastolic function.TDI mode was used to measure the mitral and tricuspid valve annulus including Em,Am and Sm.The characteristics of fetal echocardiography of 119 fetuses with ICEF were compared with 137 normal fetuses.Results E/A and Em/Am were significantly lower in fetuses with ICEF than in control fetuses.Positive correlation was found between the velocity of orifice and annulus in controls.No systematic differences were found in cardiac dimensions,ventricular shortening fraction,Doppler and TDI systolic indices between groups.Conclusions TDI is feasible and reproducible to evaluate fetal ventricular function,and it can avoid the influence of fetal heart rates and preloading.Fetuses with ICEF show lower Em/Am values in the second to third trimester echocardiography,it might indicate cardiac diastolic dysfunction.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of curcumin on the expression of Abeta42 and its degrading enzyme NEP in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

METHOD3-month old APP/PS1 dtg mice were randomly divided into model group, positive control group and curcumin large, medium and small dose group. After 3 months, Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry, Western blot were applied to detect learning and memory ability of animal.

RESULTBehavior detection, compared with the model group, treatment group showed varying degrees of difference in place navigation test and space exploration experiments (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The expression of Abeta42 and its degrading enzyme NEP, Abeta42-positive cells of hippocampus CA1 region significantly increased in model mice as compared with normal control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCurcumin can improve learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice through increasing the expression of Abeta-degrading enzyme NEP and decreasing the expression of Abeta42.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective Long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) by three producers,each mixed with the same medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT),were compared with the brand MCT/LCT in causing focal necrosis of hepatocytes in beagle dogs (a bioequivalence evaluation).Methods 21 beagle dogs (male,0.7-1.5 years old,10-15 kg) were used in this study.According to the sources of the LCT,the animals were divided into Group A (LCT made in China),Group B (LCT made in Japan),Group C (LCT made in Germany),and the control group (the brand 10％ MCT/LCT).Central venous port was placed via the lumber vein of the animals under general anesthesia.After 2 weeks of rehabilitation,MCT/LCT was administered through this port for 28 days at 9 g/ (kg · d) [while the routine dose used clinically was 1 g/ (kg · d)].The laboratory indexes and the pathomorphism of the liver and kidney were studied single blindly.Results Laboratory tests,including liver and kidney function,blood coagulation function and lipid metabolism,did not identify differences among emulsions with different sources of LCT.Liver biopsy at day 28 showed no focal necrosis in Group C and the control group;there was minor damage in Group B;and Group A had obvious liver necrosis.and the pathological findings of other organs are similar.No significant difference was observed in biopsies of other organs.Conclusions Emulsions with different sources of LCT varied in their damage to the liver.Generics with LCT of higher quality were equivalent to the brand MCT/LCT in terms of safety.