Background The signal pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle.Rapamycin(RAPA) can inhibit the proliferation of cells by regulating of cell cycle.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of RAPA on the proliferation of Rhesus retinal vascular endothelial cells (RF/6A).Methods RF/6A cell strains were cultured in vitro,and PBS,10 μg/L RAPA or 5 μg/L RAPA was added into the medium respectively.The expression of cyclin D1 protein in the RF/6A cells (absorbancy) were detected by Western blot.The cell cycle distribution after RAPA action was analyzed by flow cytometry.Matrigel was used in endothelial-cell tube formation to evaluate the effect of RAPA on angiogenesis.Results Western blot assay showed that the expressions of cyclin D z protein were 0.92±0.04,0.58±0.02 and 0.73±0.02 in the PBS group,10 μg/L RAPA group and 5 μg/L RAPA group,showing a significant difference among the three groups (F =246.320,P =0.000),and the relative expressing level of cyclin D1 protein in the l0 μg/L RAPA group and 5 μg/L RAPA group was significantly lower than that of the PBS group (both at P＜0.05).The proportion of G0/G1 cells were (42.13±0.57)％,(65.15±0.64)％ and (54.09± 0.78)％ respectively in the PBS group,10 μg/L RAPA group and 5 μg/L RAPA group,which was significantly different among the three groups (F=887.815,P=0.000).The number of endothelial-cell tubes were (9.67 ± 1.53)/field,(4.33 ± 0.58)/field and (6.33 ±0.58)/field respectively in the PBS group,10 μg/L RAPA group and 5 μg/L RAPA group,and the number of endothelial-cell tubes in 10 μg/L RAPA group and 5 μg/L RAPA group was less than that in the PBS group,with a significant difference among the three groups (F =21.778,P =0.002).Conclusions RAPA can inhibit the proliferation of RF/6A cells in vitro by down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic,treatment and prognosis of traumatic macular holes resulted from ocular contusion.Methods The clinical data of 47 cases with traumatic macular hole was retrospectively reviewed.The general condition of the patients was summarized,optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) were used to evaluate anatomic and functional outcomes.The patients were divided into observation group and surgery group by the treatment they received,and the prognosis was evaluated.Results Traumatic macular hole occurs mainly in male.In the observation group,the mean diameter of macular hole was(490.0±86.9) μm.During the 12 month follow up,the holes in 7 cases (33.3％) were closed spontaneously,Vision and diameters of 14 cases (57.1％) maintained stable for a long time,the vision of 1 case (3.3 ％) declined mildly and the diameter of 1 case (3.3％) enlarged slightly.Visual acuity was improved significantly at last follow up (Z=-2.40,P＜ 0.05).The amplitudes of N1 wave of mfERG increased both in central fovea and macular area(t=13.30,5.06;P＜0.05).These data suggests that the macular function was recovered well.In the surgery group,the mean diameter of macular hole was (643.3 ± 125.0) μm and statistically larger than that of the observation group (t=-4.76,P＜0.05).At the last follow-up,visual acuity were not improved significantly (Z=-1.79,P＞0.05).The amplitudes of N1 wave in 6 cases (23.1 ％) improved merely and the difference was not statistically significant (t =1.98,P ＞ 0.05).These data suggests that the macular function was recovered slightly only in a few patients.Conclusions A part of the patients with smaller diameters of macular holes may close spontaneously,and they may get better visual acuity.Vitrectomy may help to close the macular holes in some severe cases,but the improvement of functional outcomes is not significant.

Objective To observe the clinical features and outcomes of vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 192 patients (241 eyes) with proliferative DR (PDR) who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study.All the patients were diagnosed as vitreous hemorrhage (VH) because of suddenly decreased vision.There were 93 eyes with tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and six eyes with neovascularization of iris (NVI).The patients were divided into PDR with CRVO group (group A,41 eyes) and PDR group (group B,200 eyes) according to the results of fundus examination.All patients received vitrectomy with silicone oil and C3F8 gas tamponade.There were 138 eyes with silicone oil tamponade which including 30 eyes in group A and 108 eyes in group B.The difference of number in silicone oil-filled eyes in two groups was statistically significant (x2=5.110,P＜0.05).There were 38 eyes with C3F8 gas tamponade which including six eyes in group A and 32 eyes in group B.There was no difference in C3F8 gas-filled eyes numbers in two groups (x2 =0.048,P＞0.05).The follow-up ranged from one to 60 months,with the mean of (28.69± 17.28) months.The corrected vision,retinal reattachment,persisting macular edema (ME),neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and repeated VH after surgery were comparatively analyzed.Results Of 241 eyes,there were 41 eyes (17.0％) with CRVO.Before surgery,the differences of corrected vision (Z=-0.138),intraocular pressure (t=0.966),whether there was TRDor not (x2=0.412),whether underwent panretinal photocoagulation or not (x2 =1.416) were not statistically significant (P＞0.05),but the difference of whether NVI were present or not was statistically significant (x2=31.724,P＜0.05)between two groups.After surgery,the corrected vision improved in both two groups (Z=2.319,4.589;P＜0.05).There was no difference of corrected vision after surgery between two groups (Z=0.782,P＞0.05).Postoperative complications occurred in 94 eyes,including 26 eyes in group A and 68 eyes in group B.The differences of incidence of reoperation (x2 =0.498),retinal reattachment (x2 =0.818),persisting ME (x2 =2.722) between two groups after surgery were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of repeated VH (x2 =5.737) and NVG (x2 =6.604) in group A were higher than those in group B (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions CRVO is commonly found to coexist with DR in T2DM patients with VH.Combined with CRVO patients are more likely to suffer NVI.Vitrectomy can improve the visual function in PDR with CRVO patients.

Objective: To investigate the frequency , distribution and features of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer, and to provide evidence for lymph node dissection. Methods: 348 patients with lung cancer were retrospectively studied, all patients received R_3 surgery plus systemic lymph node dissection according to the mapping system developed by Naruke. Results: Total 3 689 groups of lymph nodes were dissected . The metastatic rates of N_1 and N_2 were 23.4% and 16.5%, respectively. N_1 or N_2 metastasis was not found in Tis tumor. There was a significant difference of N_2 metastasis rates between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in T_1 or T_2 tumor (P

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional X-ray inspection taking passive protection mode, this paper combines the automatic control technology, puts forward a kind of active protection X-ray equipment. The device of automatic detection of patients receiving X-ray irradiation part, intelligent adjustment in patients and shooting device between automatic tracking radiation protection device height. The device has the advantages of automatic adjustment, anti-radiation device, reduce the height of non-irradiated area X-ray radiation and improve the work efficiency. Testing by the professional organization, the device can decrease more than 90% of X-ray dose for patients with non-irradiated area.
Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Protection ; instrumentation ; methods ; X-Rays

Background p21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor,and it can prevent cells from going through the G1/S phase checkpoint and inhibit cell proliferation.Stuies determined that the expression level of p21 WAF1/CIP1 is associated with proliferative diseases.Traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a proliferative response of eye.Understaining the relationship of dynamic expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 in PVR is of significance for the prevention and management of PVR.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of p21 WAF1/CIP1 during the course of experimental traumatic PVR in rabbits.Methods Fifty-four pigmented rabbits were randomized into the normal control group and different experimerital groups,and one lateral eye of each rabbit served as experimental eye.PVR models were established by intravitreal injection of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (0.4 ml)combined with cryotherapy for 5 seconds,and vitreous and retinas were examined with B type sonography.The rabbits were sacrificed in 7,14,21 and 28 days after operation,and histopathological examination of the retinas was performed by haematoxylin and eosin stain.The expression levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein and gene were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The use and care of the rabbits complied with Statement of ARVO.Results B type sonography showed that the retinal morphology was normal in the normal control group.However,the proliferative membrane was gradually thickened 1 to 7 days after operation.Retinal folds of rabbits were seen in 7 days,and tractional retinal detachment was found in 14 days and 28 days after operation.The histopathological examination of the retinas showed epiretinal membrane and infiltration of inflammatory cells 7 days and fixed ruffle 28 days after operation.The p21WAF1/CIP1 was strongly expressed in the cell nucleus of retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in the normal control group,and the expression was gradually weakened after modeling,with the weakest expression in the retinas in 14 days after modeling.The relative expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 protein was 0.74±0.08,0.60±0.05,0.56±0.03,0.74±0.02 and 0.65 ±0.04 in the normal control group,postoperative 7-day group,postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =20.55,P =0.00),and the expression levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein were significantly lower in the postoperative 7-day group and postoperative 14-day group than those of the normal control group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 mRNA was 0.65 ± 0.09,0.57 ± 0.05,0.45 ±0.04,0.46±0.02 and 0.47±0.04 in the normal control group,postoperative 7-day group,postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F =18.06,P =0.00),and the expression levels were significantly lower in the postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group than those of the normal control group and postoperative 7-day group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The dynamic expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in the retinas is consistant with the prograssion of traumatic PVR,and the reduce tendency of p21 WAF1/CIP1expression is similar to cell prolieration change,indicating that reduce of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in the retinas may promote the development of traumatic PVR.

AIM To observe the effects of Huangdi Anxiao Capsules (Puerariae lobatae Radix,Eriobotryae Folium,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,etc.) on blood glucose and insulin resistance in GK rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its possible mechanism of action.METHODS GK rats with T2DM included in the experiment were randomly divided into model group,rosiglitazone (1.44 mg/kg) group,Shenqi Jiangtang Granules (1.08 g/kg) group,Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high,medium and low (12,6,3 g/kg) group and normal control group of Wistar rats.After six weeks of consecutive administration,fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum insulin (FINS),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured in all groups.Serum biochemical indexes of (TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) were measured.The pancreatic tissue was obtained by routine paraffin embedding and HE staining to observe the pathological changes.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,FBG,FPG,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and HbA1c of the model group were significantly higher (P ＜0.01),and GLP-1 and IGF-1 expressions were markedly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,FPG,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and HbA1 c in Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high-,medium-and low-dose group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜0.01);GLP-1 and IGF-1 expressions were markedly increased (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01),compared with the model group,the structure changes of pancreatic tissue in Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high-,medium-and low-dose groups largely reduced.CONCLUSION Huangdi Anxiao Capsules can reduce GK rats fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance,and its mechanism may be related to promoting the emergence and proliferation of pancreatic islet cells,improving the function of islet beta cells,and increasing insulin secretion.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of lentiviral vector miR-191 (LV-191) on retinal neovascularization (RNV) in mice model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).Methods Eighty healthy 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including normal group, non-intervention group, normal saline (NS) group, LV-191 group and LV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) group, 16 mice in each group. The OIR model was established in the non-intervention group, NS group, LV-191 group and LV-GFP group. NS group, LV-191 group and LV-GFP group were given an intravitreal injection of 1 μl of NS, LV-191 and LV-GFP at the age of 12 days. No injection was performed in the non-intervention group. In normal group,newborn mouse were maintained in room air form P0 to P17, and no treatment was performed. Mice in all five groups were euthanized at P17. Retinal neovasculation (RNV) was evaluated by counting the number of pre-retinal neovascular cells and analysis of non-perfusion area area by immunofluorescent staining of the mouse retina. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) to detect miR -191 and P21 expression of retinal tissue.Results In the LV-191 group, the non-perfusion area were both significantly smaller than those in non-intervention group, NS group and LV-GFP group (F=127.20,P<0.001). The number of pre-retinal neovascular cell nuclei in retinas from LV-191 group were obviously lower than those in the retinas from non-intervention group, NS group and LV-GFP group (F=31.71,P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the LV-191 and P21 level of LV-191 group increased significantly than other groups (F=10.95, 15.60;P<0.05).Conclusion Intravitreal injection of LV-191 inhibits RNV in mice model of OIR possibly through up-regulating p21.

Objective:To observe the value of optical coherence tomography (OCTA) in distinguishing ischemic and non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods:A prospective clinical observational study. From January 2020 to January 2021, 44 eyes of 44 patients with BRVO diagnosed in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 24 eyes of 24 males and 20 eyes of 20 females. The macular edema subsided after three consecutive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug treatments. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, ultra-wide-angle fluorescein fundus angiography (UWFFA), and OCTA examination. According to the results of UWFFA, the affected eyes were divided into ischemic group and non-ischemic group, with 22 eyes in 22 patients. The macular area of the affected eye with an OCTA instrument were scaned in the range of 3 mm× 3 mm to measure the blood flow density (SVD, DVD), foveal blood flow density (SFVD, DFVD), parafoveal blood flow density (SPFVD, DPFVD), affected hemilateral blood flow density (SHVD, DHVD) and affected quadrant blood flow density (SQVD, DQVD) of the superficial capillary layer (SCP) and deep capillary layer (DCP) of the retina, foveal retinal thickness (CRT), fovea avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter of FAZ (PERIM), out-of-roundness index (AI), and blood flow density within 300 μm width of FAZ (FD-300). The two-sample independent t test was used to compare the parameters between the ischemic group and the non-ischemic group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the area under the curve (AUC) of blood flow density to predict ischemic BRVO, determine the critical value for predicting ischemic BRVO and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity, with AUC> 0.9 as the prediction performance was good. Results:The differences of BCVA ( t=1.544), intraocular pressure ( t=-0.404), SFVD ( t=0.444), DFVD ( t=-0.812), CRT ( t=1.082), FAZ area ( t=-0.785), PERIM ( t=-0.685), AI ( t=1.047) of the eyes in the ischemic group and non-ischemic group were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The differences of age ( t=2.194), SVD ( t=-3.796), SPFVD ( t=-4.181), SHVD ( t=-4.700), SQVD ( t=-3.594), DVD ( t=-2.324), DPFVD ( t=-2.476), DHVD ( t=-2.118), DQVD ( t=-6.529) and FD-300 ( t=-5.116) of the eyes in the ischemic group and non-ischemic group area were statistically significant ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that DQVD predicted the AUC of ischemic BRVO the largest (0.917), the best cut-off value was 33.75%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 81.8%, respectively. Conclusion:OCTA can quantitatively assess the microvascular structure of SCP and DCP in the macular area of BRVO eyes, and contribute to distinguish ischemic and non-ischemic BRVO.

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect of lentivirus (LV)-mediated miR-191 on the proliferation and angiogenesis of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (hREC) cultured in vitro.Methods:The hREC cell lines were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, hypoxia group, LV-empty vector (LV-vector) group, and LV-miR-191 (LV-191) group. The LV-vector group and LV-191 group were transferred to the corresponding lentiviral vector respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell transfection efficiency. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) test was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Scarification test and invasion chamber (Transwell) test were used to detect cell migration ability. Matrigel test was used to detect cell lumen formation ability. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the relative expression of miR-191 and relative mRNA expression of its downstream target genes p21, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cell division protein kinase (CDK) 6, cyclin-D1 (Cyclin D1). Independent sample t test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:The results of flow cytometry showed that the transfection efficiency of cells in the control group and the LV-191 group were 0.615% and 99.400%, respectively. The results of CCK-8, scarification, Transwell and Matrigel test showed that, compared with the control group, the number of cell proliferation ( t=6.130, 4.606), the cell mobility ( t=4.910, 6.702), the number of stained cells on the microporous membrane ( t=7.244, 6.724) and the lumen formation ability cells ( t=8.345, 9.859) were significantly increased in the hypoxia group and the LV-vector group ( P<0.01), while the LV-191 group showed completely opposite performance ( t=14.710, 6.245, 5.333, 5.892; P≤0.01). The qPCR test results showed that, compared with the control group and the LV-vector group, the relative expression of miR-191 mRNA in the cells of the LV-191 group was significantly up-regulated ( t=44.110, 42.680), the relative expression of Cyclin D1 mRNA ( t=29.940, 14.010) and CDK6 mRNA ( t=15.200, 7.645) decreased significantly, and the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.01); the relative expression of p21 mRNA increased, however, the difference was not statistically significant ( t=2.013, 2.755; P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the relative expression of VEGF mRNA in the 4 groups of cells ( F=0.966, P>0.05). Conclusions:LV-191 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and tubing of hREC by up-regulating p21 and down-regulating CDK6 and Cyclin D1.