Objective To explore the application of knowledge-attitude-practice theory in low back pain prevention of operating room nurses. Methods From May 2014 to May 2015, 189 operating room nurses in 6 third-level grade-A hospitals were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire about their knowledge, attitude and practice on low back pain. Intervention measures were made according to investigation results. The 189 nurses were randomly divided into control group ( n=95) and intervention group ( n=94) . Nurses in the control group were not intervened, while nurses in the intervention group were intervened by“knowledge-attitude-practice” on low back pain. After the 8-week intervention, nurses in the two groups were surveyed again. Visual analog scale ( VAS) of nurses from the two groups about low back pain was compared before the intervention, after the 4 weeks and 8-week intervention.Results Before the intervention, scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in the two groups were both lower than 48 points. Knowledge-attitude-practice scores and VAS scores were statistically meaningless ( P>0.05) . After the 8-week intervention, scores of low back pain prevention knowledge (69.5±16.3), attitude (64.8±15.3) and practice (66.3±16.2) of nurses in the intervention group were all higher than that in the control group (t=-6.720, -4.759, -5.176; P<0.05). 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention, VAS scores of low back pain of nurses in the intervention group were (3.7±0.8) and (2.7±0.8), both lower than that in the control group (t=3.433, 4.217;P<0.05).Conclusions High incidence of low back pain in operating room nurses is related to their low protection knowledge, attitude and practice. Intervention of knowledge-attitude-practice can effectively promote relief and prevention of low back pain of nurses.