Objective To investigate familial hyperlipoproteinemia and the features of familial hyperlipoproteinemia in Lanzhou . Methods Data were from previous studies on the subject .Families of hyperlipoproteinemia were screening ,questionnaires were col-lected ,physical examination and laboratory data of family members were also colleted to analysis the characteristics of familial hy-perlipoproteinemia .Results A total of 39 familial hyperlipoproteinemia families were enrolled in the study ,including 280 family members .There were 15 core families ,11 single-parent families ,and 13 orphaned families .There were 6 familial hypercholesterol-emia families ,9 familial hypertriglycerides families ,24 mixed familial hyperlipidemia families .The children of the first generation ac-counted for 63 .2% of the total number of people enrolled in the study ,the father generation accounted for 14 .3% ,the children of the second geration accounted for 22 .5% .Conclusion In the survey ,the most common type of familial hyperlipidemia was mixed familial hyperlipidemia .The father generation was majority .The member of core families was less than incomplete families .

4-Hydroxybutyric acid (4HB) is a psychotropic drug used for polymer synthesis such as poly (4-hydroxybutyric acid) (P4HB) and poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) (P3HB-co-4HB). 1,4-butanediol (BD) can be converted to 4-hydroxybutyric acid by alcohol dehydrogenase (DhaT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldD). In this study, high efficiency promoters including T7 promoter and P(Re) promoter were cloned to increase expression of dhaT and aldD, and thus accelerate the conversion from BD to 4HB. A. hydrophila 4AK4 (pZQ01), the recombinant strain under the control of T7 promoter, produced 6.00 g/L 4HB from 10 g/L BD with the productivity increased by 43.20%. While A. hydrophila 4AK4 (pZQ04), the strain under the control of T7 promoter, produced 4.87 g/L 4HB from 10 g/L BD, and the productivity was increased by 16.23%. Thus, the gene expression was increased by T7 and P(Re) promoters, leading to an accelerated biosynthesis of 4HB.
Aeromonas hydrophila ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Hydroxybutyrates ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic

Objective To discuss the medium-term follow-up of clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF) after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy (MPCNL).Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with CIRF medium-term follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventy-two patients with CIRF.The anatomical distribution of CIRF was 10 at upper pole,15 at middle,35 at lower,10 at renal ureteropelvie junction and 2 at upper and lower pole.Stone analysis showed that 41 cases of calcium oxalate calculi,16 of calcium oxalate calculi mixed with carbonate calculi,3 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with uric acid,4 calcium oxalate calculi mixed with struvite stone,3 struvite stone,2 uric acid stone and 3 carbonate apatite mixed with struvite stone.Fifteen cases had clinical symptoms,including 2 renal colic pain,8 hematuria,5 lower urinary tract symptoms,4 cases CIRF located in upper pole,1 case in middle pole,4 cases in lower pole,6 cases in ureteropelvic junction,the incidence of clinical symptoms in ureteropelvic junction was significantly higher than that in other locations (6/10 vs.4/12,1/15,4/37,P ＜0.05).Eight cases required surgical procedure,5 cases underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,3 cases with ureteral CIRF were performed with ureteroscopic lithotripsy.CIRF were clear after surgery,7 patients with ureteral CIRF had renal colic pains.The stones were excluded after spasmolytic analgesic treatments.Conclusions CIRF can be located variously in the kidney and ureter.Most CIRF are calcium oxalate calculi and locate in the lower pole.Patients with the history of previous open surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are more likely to get CIRF.Medium-term follow-up of CIRF reveals that CIRF located in the renal ureteropelvis junction are more likely to have clinical symptoms.

Objective To compare the outcomes of antegrade and retrograde approach ureteroscopy for impacted upper ureteric calculi and assess the safety and efficiency of the two types of minimally invasive technique. Methods A total of 106 patients with impacted upper ureteric calculi were treated with ureteroscopy. The procedure was performed via antegrade percutaneous nephrostomy tract in 50 patients (antegrade group) and via retrograde transurethral access in 56 patients (retrograde group). Results The success rate of retrograde group was 92.9% (52/56). Operating time was (45 ± 5 ) min, hospital stay was (6 ± 1) days. The stone free rate was 80.4%(45/56) at 1 month follow-up,7 patients with residual calculi required ESWL combination. Complication rate was 5.4% (3/56). The success rate of antegrade group was 100.0% (50/50). Operating time was (55 ± 8 ) min, hospital stay was (8 ± 2) days. The stone free rate was 100.0% (50/50) and no complication was noted. The stone free rate and the complication rate indicated significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Antegrade and retrograde access ureteroscopy for impacted upper ureteric calculi are safe and effective. Success rate and stone free rate of antegrade approach are higher than those of retrograde approach.

Objective To investigate the therapeutics of solitary kidney complicated with complexcalculi,and improve the effect and safety of treatment.Methods Experiences in the treatment of 32 patients with solitary kidney complicated with complex calculi were summarized.Congenital solitary kidney was 6 cases (18.8%),postnatal reason was 26 cases(81.2%),left was 12 cases(37.5%),right was 20 cases (62.5%).All patients were with mould or multiple calculi,9 cases were complicated with ureter calculi,and 8 cases were hospitalized because of obstructive anuria.The patients with mould calculi received extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).While the patients with multiple calculi received PCNL prior to ESWL. Some cases were treated by lithedialysis.Results Twenty-nine cases (90.6%)were cured by ESWL combined with PCNL 12 cases received lithodialysis during PCNL. Eight cases with obstructive anuria recovered in 12 hours after emergent ESWL or lithodialysis,3 cases(9.4%)underwent open operation because of deformity or obstruction in renal pelvis and ureter,1 case had to keep nephrostomy because of repeated infection.Followed up 4-36 months,29 cases (90.6%)kept good kidney function,3 cases(9.4%)had renal insufficiency,2 cases(6.2%)reoccurred calculi.Conclusions The therapeutics of ESWL combined with PCNL may clear complex calculi of solitary kidney effectively and safely.It is necessary to take emergent ESWL in renal obstructive calculi cases.And the patients with lower ureter obstructive calculi may take lithodialysis first.It is proper to choose open operation on the patients with deformity of renal pelvis or obstruction of ureter.

Objective To discuss the etiology and clinical characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) as pathogen of central nervous system infection .Methods Two hundred and five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children with fever and convulsions who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with suspicion of central nervous system infection from June 2011 to December 2012 .Genome Lab Genetic Analysis System (GeXP) was applied to detect HRV from CSF .Specimens with positive results were amplified by nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and followed by gene sequencing . Clinical data of HRV positive cases were analyzed . Results Of the 205 CSF specimens ,7 samples were positive for HRV ,which were composed of 2 HRV‐A ,1 HRV‐B and 4 HRV‐C (including 1 HRV‐Ca) .There were 6 boys and 1 girl among the 7 positive cases for HRV .Six children were less than 3 years old ,except one was 9 years old .The onset time was mainly concentrated between September and October . The main clinical manifestations were fever and convulsions . The clinical diagnosis before the pathogen confirmation included viral encephalitis ,epilepsy ,febrile convulsion ,benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG ) and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease ( HFMD ) . Although the disease severity of the 7 cases varied ,all ended with favorable prognosis .Conclusions HRV is one of pathogens of viral central nervous system infection .All types of HRV can cause central nervous system infection ,among which HRV‐C accounts for the majority .The clinical manifestations of HRV central nervous system infection could mimic febrile convulsion ,CwG and HFMD .

Objective To explore the status and risk factors of the dyslipidemia among health examination population of Lanzhou for providing the intervention measures .Methods According to the stratified cluster random sampling method ,4 505 health exami-nation individuals were recruited for the study from 5 hospitals in the Lanzhou region through questionnaire ,biochemical analysis . Results Prevalence of dyslipidemia of the population was 45 .79% ,high TG was the main type .The level of serum TC ,TG ,HDL-C and LDL-C were (5 .27 ± 1 .08) ,(1 .74 ± 1 .38) ,(1 .41 ± 0 .43) and (2 .83 ± 0 .82)mmol/L .The prevalence was 53 .49% in male , and 34 .93% in female .The prevalence was higher among the group of 35- <45 years old for male and 55- <65 years old for fe-male .The level of HDL-C was low among young people .There was aggregation of risk factors among the participants with dyslipi-demia .Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were age (OR=1 .701) ,overweight (OR=5 .560) , abdominal obesity(OR=2 .398) ,smoking(OR=0 .545) ,intake of greasy diet(OR=5 .313) ,sleep quality(OR=2 .005) and diastolic blood pressure(OR=3 .061) .Conclusion Lipid disorders becomes a serious problem in the health examination population ,measures such as rational diet ,weight control ,sleep improvement ,pressure control and quiting smoking must be taken .

Objective To determine the incidence of avascular necrosis after closed reduction and cannulated compression screws fixation of intra-capsular femoral neck fracture and to investigate the multiple factors correlated to avascular femoral head necrosis.Methods All the patients of intra-capsular femoral neck fracture who accepted closed reduction and cannulated compression screws fixation between 2001 and 2010 in Jiangsu Province were reviewed in multi-centers retrospectively.The multiple factors were analyzed including age,gender,affected side,mechanism of injury,fracture classification,procedure delay,quality of reduction,time of full-weight-bearing,configuration of the screws and removal of the screws.Multiple correlation factors were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistic system.Results Complete case records were documented in 1849 cases who were followed up for an average 6.5±2.7 years (range,2-10 years).Avascular necrosis occurred in 246 cases (13.3％).The average time of diagnosis of avascular necrosis was 17±4.6months (range,8-72 months) after injury.The average Harris score of the hips which didn't develop to avascular necrosis was 93.8±8.9 (range,78～100) at the last follow up.Multiple correlation factors analysis indicated that displacement degrees of fracture and the quality of reduction were significantly correlated to the incidence of avascular necrosis (OR=2.078,3.423).Conclusion Closed reduction and cannulated compression screws fixation after the intra-capsular femoral neck fracture can get satisfactory results.Displacement degrees of fracture and the quality of reduction are significantly correlated to the incidence of avascular femoral head necrosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) by middle renal calice used as the main target for the treatment of staghorn stones with the combination of pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite.Methods Clinical data of 73 patients underwent PCNL by middle renal calices as main access with 57 incomplete staghorn stones and 35 complete staghorn stones.To observe the situation calculus removal rate and complications.Results Seventy cases (88 sides) underwent one session PCNL by single access tract (middle caliees),3 cases (4 sides) underwent one session PCNL by double access tracts (2 cases by middle and low calices,1 case by up and middle caliees).After the first period of lithoclasty,17 patients (25 sides) residual stones and the stone removal rate 72.8％ (67/92),among these patients,1 case (1 side) had fragments of lateral renal calyeeal stones with no further treatment.Other 16 cases (24 sides)underwent second session PCNL,all were treated by single access tract (middle calices) and 2 cases (2 sides)had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy before the second PCNL.After the second period of lithoclasty,76 sides composed of 27 complete staghorn stones and 49 incomplete staghorn stones had no residual fragments with the stone removal rate 82.6％ (76/92).The operative time lasted 120-320 min.Hemoglobin dropped 1-4 g/L,11 cases in the operation procedure and 3 cases after operation needed blood transfusion respectively.One case of renal pelvic infection after operation and 1 case had split renal dysfunction with peri-parenchyma infection.The hospitalization time was 9-18 days.Conclusion It is effective and safe to perform PCNL for staghorn stone by middle calices as a main access.Combining pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite will be very useful with high stone clearance,short procedure time and less complications.

OBJECTIVETo obtain peptide mimicking epitopes of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) through screening of a phage peptide library and to test their potential for induction of protection.

METHODSS. japonicum infected sera from Microtus fortis (IMFS) and normal sera from Microtus fortis (NMFS) were used respectively to screen a 12-mers random peptide library by testing the reactivity of anti-S. japonicum serum with the phagotopes. After three rounds of biopanning, the pooled phages were used to immunize mice, after which challenge infection was performed.

RESULTSOf 12 randomly picked clones, 10 clones selected using IMFS and 7 clones selected using NMFS were shown to be antigenic. Significant reduction in adult worms (22.6%) and a high reduction (68.9%) in liver eggs were achieved following immunization with phages screened with IMFS. However, no protection was elicited by those selected with NMFS.

CONCLUSIONThe results show that the phagotopes are both antigenic and immunogenic, suggesting a potential use of phage displayed peptide as novel vaccines against S. japonicum.

Animals ; Arvicolinae ; parasitology ; Epitopes ; Helminth Proteins ; immunology ; Peptide Library ; Schistosoma japonicum ; immunology ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccines ; immunology