Objective To investigate the significance of using 2-dimonsional ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the complications of augmentation mammoplasty. Methods 21 cases were diagnosed by the 7.0～11.0 MHz high-frequency 2-dimonsional ultrasonography and color Dopplar ultrasonography, which were proved by the second operation. Results There were characteristic 2-dimonsional voice pictures in the implants folding, moving, oozing, and sclerosis of membrane, and the tissues around the implants had more or less color blood picture and Dopplar frequency expression. Conclusion Ultrasonography has great diagnostic value and clinical significance in the detection of complications after augmentation mammoplasty.

Objective:To evaluate the neurologic complications associated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).Method:From March 2003 to May 2008,a total of 178 patients experienced PLIF procedure due to lumbar disease.Of these,forty two had lumbar disc herniation,39 had lumbar spine stenosis,61 had degenerative spondylolisthesis, 22 had isthmic spondylolisthesis and 14 had post-laminectomy/discectomy syndrome. One hundred and thirty patients had single level fused,of these,8 at L3/4.64 at L4/5 and 58 at L5/S1.Forty six cases had two levels fused,of these, 19 at L3/4 and L4/5,27 at L4/5 and L5/Sl.Two patients had three levels fused,all at the L3/4.L4/5 and L5/S1.A11 causes possibly related to the neurologic complications were documented.Result: 13 cases(7.3%) were noted to have neurologic complications,of these,one at L4,7 at L5 and 5 at S1.6 cases had nerve root stretch injury,3 cases had nerve root injury from instrument maneuver, 1 case had nerve root deformity, 1 case had developed epidural hematoma, 1 case had nerve root injury from pedicle fracture and 1 case had secondary lateral recess stenosis.2 cases had complete neurological injury,and 11 cases had incomplete injury.According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) criteria,there was complete recovery of neurologic function in 7 cases, incomplete recovery in 4 cases and no change in 2 cas-es.Conclusion: Many causes may be associated with the neurologic complications due to posterior lumbar interbody fusion,nerve root stretch injury is the most common.

Objective To search for a good solution for aesthetic beard reconstruction and to explore the effect of the single-hair grafting in beard reconstruction. Methods Under the local anesthesia, a scalp strip (length range from 5～7 cm, width range from 1.0～1.5 cm) was harvested from the back of the head and then was divided into a series of single-hair micrografts. After the slits were made, the grafts were implanted into the holes, parallel to the original beard directions. The donor sites were directly closed. With this method, 18 sparse beard patients and 3 patients with upper lip scars were treated. Results The grafted hairs grew nearly in the direction of normal beard, which achieved 90 %～95 % survival in recipient areas. The patients were satisfied with the results, in which 19 cases received only 1 operation and 2 cases received another repeated operation. Conclusion Beard reconstruction by single-hair grafting technique is a good, safe and effective method.

OBJECTIVETo explore a combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars.

METHODSIn the first stage, the position and course of the perforators were confirmed with the multi-detector computed tomography ( MDCT) and color Doppler ultrasound. The expanders were implanted between subdermal vascular plexus and superficial fascia. In the second stage, the expanded super-thin perforator flaps were transferred to resurface the extensive defects and deformities in the face and neck.

RESULTS26 cases with extensive facial and cervical scars were included in this study. Except for one case with necrosis at the distal end, the other 25 flaps survived completely. The maximum flap size was 35 cm x 10 cm with a pedicle of 8 cm x 4 cm. Long-term follow-up showed that this combined application provided thinner flap than the conventional pre-expanded flap, thus avoiding secondary flap debulking and revisions. All the patients got improvement in contours, facial features and emotional expression.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined application of tissue expansion, perforator flaps and super-thin flaps is a practical method which has advantages in feature recontouring and recovery of delicate emotions in reconstruction of extensive face and neck scars.

Cicatrix ; surgery ; Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Neck ; surgery ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tissue Expansion ; methods

Objective To summarize the clinical registration data of endodontic diseases registered in ClinicalTri-als.gov in the United States and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR),and analyze the registration characteristics at home and abroad.Methods We searched the clinical studies related to endodontic disease registered in the two data-bases from January 1,2000,to August 20,2023.We extracted and analyzed the information from clinical studies relat-ed to endodontic diseases.The extracted content included information on the registration region,registration year,trial title,research direction,sample size,trial progress,study type,trial design,blinding method,clinical trial phase,and participating institutions.Results The two databases contained a total of 536 191 registered items,of which 634 were endodontic diseases.Clinical trials in the registry of endodontic diseases involved 43 countries,of which the top three were Egypt(188 items),China(130 items),and the America(46 items).In addition,the number of registrations of clini-cal trials on endodontic diseases has significantly increased since 2015.The research directions were mainly pulposis(434 items),caries(106 items),and periapical diseases(77 items),which mostly involved etiology,drug intervention,surgical intervention,new technology,and new materials.Moreover,there were 430 clinical trials(67.82%)with a sam-ple size<100 and 185(29.18%)with a sample size of 100-999.The progress status at the time of registration showed the largest number of completed trials,accounting for 286 items(45.11%),followed by unknown(125 items),recruiting(110 items),and not yet recruiting(81 items).The main research types were intervention studies(546 items,86.12%),and the main design model was randomized parallel controlled trials(473 items,74.61%).Additionally,423 items(66.72%)were marked using the blind method,mainly double-blind trials(195 items),followed by other/unmarked(123 items,19.40%)and open study(88 items,13.88%).Furthermore,the largest number of items in the study phase were marked other/unlabeled(388 items),followed by phaseⅡ study(69 items)and preliminary study(62 items).Addi-tionally,611 items(96.37%)were clinical trials with a number of participating institutions<3,and 23 items(3.63%)had a number of participating institutions≥3.Conclusion The number of clinical trials registered for endodontic dis-eases is generally on the rise,but it is still relatively small.The quality of the study design needs to be enhanced,and the registration information in the study phase needs to be improved.Moreover,the number of multicenter trials is small.In the future,we should fully mobilize the talent advantages of well-known stomatology majors in China,take the lead in conducting high-quality,multi-center clinical research,and realize the transformation of results.

In previous study, the 150-ku oxygen-regulated protein(ORP150) was identified as a candidate glycoprotein related to hepatocellular carcinoma.In order to further validate the expression level of ORP150 in hepatocellular carcinoma, protein expression was determined by Western blot and cell immunochemistry, and messenger RNA(mRNA) expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The effect of ORP150 on apoptosis and invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was evaluated using the small interference RNA(siRNA) technique.Both the protein and mRNA expression levels of ORP150 were significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines compared with a non-tumor human liver cell line.After transfection with the specific siRNA of ORP150, significantly greater apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was induced compared with untransfected cells.However, no significant effect on invasive potential was found.Overexpression of ORP150 was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, and ORP150 might promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting apoptosis.ORP150 could be a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To search for a treatment approach for scalp avulsion injury based on the clinical experiences and review of literature.Methods Twenty-six consecutive scalp avulsion cases were involved in the study:15 cases were complete scalp avulsion (5 including forehead skin) and 11 cases were partial scalp avulsion.Cranial bones exposure occurred in 16 cases,11 of which had a size over 4 × 4 cm2.The treatment methods were various:11 cases with microsurgical replantation,9 cases with skin grafting,4 cases with secondary skin grafting followed by multiple drilling of the calvarium,1 case with local flap,and 1 case with free flap.According to the clinical cases and literature reviews,authors tried to search for an optimal protocol.Results Patients with microsurgical replantation achieved the best recovery including hair growth.In case of not qualified or fail to microsurgical replantation,skin graft could be considered as an alterative step,whereas the result of it was no hair growth and usually scar healing.In summary,14 different clinical conditions followed with 10 surgical techniques were concluded in a route chart.Conclusions To achieve the optimal outcomes of scalp avulsion injury,proper techniques should be chosen according to the treatment protocols.

Oral cancer has a high degree of malignancy, easily recurs, readily metastasizes and poor progonsis. Autophagy is a catabolic process induced in cells under stressful conditions. In recent years, studies have found that the activation of autophagy in epithelial cells can inhibit carcinogenesis and activate pathways such as mTOR and MAPK to activate autophagy in oral cancer cells and inhibit their survival. Inducing autophagy can degrade eukaryotic initiation factor 4E protein and inhibit oral cancer metastasis. Inducing autophagy in oral cancer cells can inhibit their proliferation and promote their apoptosis. Adding autophagy inducers to the treatment can help improve its efficacy and patient survival compared with chemoradiotherapy alone. In addition, the induction of autophagy in oral cancer cells can improve the body's immune function and enhance the efficacy of oral cancer immunotherapy. This article summarizes the relationship between autophagy and oral cancer and the role of induced autophagy in the treatment of oral cancer with the combined application of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. The goal is to provide new ideas for inducing autophagy during the treatment of oral cancer, improving the therapeutic effect of oral cancer and the survival rate of patients. At present, the mechanism of action of induced autophagy in the treatment of oral cancer is not clear. Future research should study its mechanism of action, improve its therapeutic effect on oral cancer and develop autophagy inducers to accurately regulate and induce autophagy during the treatment of oral cancer.

Skin and soft tissue expansion is an important treatment in the field of plastic surgery. It can not only enables patients to harvest a large number of new soft tissues with matching color, texture and thickness to that surrounding the defective area, but also repair different parts of the body through a variety of preoperative design and transfer method. In the case of shortage of donor sites and higher appearance requirement in head, face and neck, skin and soft tissue expansion is indispensable for the reconstruction of post-burn scar. This article reviews the related literature of skin and soft tissue expansion in the treatment of post-burn scar in head, face and neck, in order to be helpful to the above clinical work.

Skin soft tissue expansion is of great importance to plastic surgery. Skin and soft tissue expansion is an important treatment in the field of plastic surgery. It can not only enables patients to harvest a large number of new soft tissues with matching color, texture and thickness, but also repair different parts of the body through a variety of preoperative design and transfer method . In the case of shortage of donor sites and higher appearance requirement in head, face and neck, skin and soft tissue expansion is indispensable for the reconstruction of post-burn scar. This article reviews the related literature of skin and soft tissue expansion in the treatment of post-burn scar in head, face and neck, in order to be helpful to the above clinical work.