Objective To observe the expression changes of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and its mRNA after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal (n=5), control (n=5) and experimental group (n=10). The rats were given no operation in the normal group, laminectomy only in the control and both laminectomy and traumatic injury in the experimental group. The SCI animal models were made by using a modified Allen's weight-drop device (50 g.cm) on T 12 . Rats were sacrificed at 1 and 3 days after injury. The distribution and content changes of HO-1 and its mRNA in spinal cord segments were observed by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results Expression of HO-1 was mainly in neurons in the normal spinal cord. After injury, HO-1 expressed primarily in astrocytes and microglia and the distribution of positive cells closely correlated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Protein began to increase at the first day after injury. The expression intensity and the area of positive cells were (148.26?11.39) and (90.50?8.70)?10 3 ?m 2 respectively. At the third day, protein expressed more significantly with expression intensity of (128.03? 12.59) and area of (112.99?10.01)?10 3 ?m 2. The expression intensity and area of positive cells expressed by mRNA were (106.02?9.10) and (70.05?9.26)?10 3 ?m 2 respectively at the first day after injury, (85.82?9.07) and (87.37?10.95)?10 3 ?m 2 respectively at the third day after injury. There was significant difference between experimental and control groups ( P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further development of Internet drug transaction services in China. METH-ODS:The data of online drugstores with top 20 approvals data and sales amount were collected bu the Internet,the normative man-agement was evaluated. Meanwhile,questionnaire was conducted to survey and analyze the cognition,buying drugs and correspond-ing requirements of some Shanghai citizens for Internet drug retail. RESULTS:By Jun. 12,2015,totally 307 retail chain drug-stores(online drugstores)had got the License of Internet Drugs Transaction,only 62 online drugstores(20.2%)were in full compli-ance with the normative management;the top 19 online drugstores supplied averagely 1 072±815 OTC medicines,including 259± 165 chemical drugs and 813 ± 650 Chinese traditional medicines,and the top 3 were jianke.com (3 658 species),J1.com (2 071 species)and 360 kad.com(1 523 species). Totally 216 questionnaires were sent out,and 183 were effectively received with effec-tive recovery of 84.7%. The 183 surveyed citizens showed high cognition in distinguishing the authenticity of online drugstores (75.4%) and the authenticity of drugs (67.1%),but low cognition in online drugstore opening qualifications and Internet selling drugs;only 22.4% had the experience of buying drugs online,the degree of satisfaction towards online shopping,from the highest to the lowest,were drug price(62.5%),professional consultation of pharmacists(50.0%),variety of drugs(45.0%),quality of drugs(37.5%),delivery time(35.0%),etc.;the most probably purchased medicine category were vitamins and minerals(63.9%) and medicines for common diseases(40.4%). CONCLUSIONS:Currently the demands and confidence of online drugs shopping of Shanghai citizens are still scarce. Though the access of retailing prescription drugs would spur the Internet drug business,the condi-tion is still immature. It is suggested to sell prescription drugs in a limited way and improve their access threshold,promote Medi-care settlement to multi-faceted promote the orderly development of Internet drug transaction services.

Objective To explore humam cytomegalovirus(HCMV) encoded microRNAs during latent infection in order to help study HCMV virology and latent infection mechanisms.Methods A model of HCMV latent infection via THP-1 cells infected with HCMV was constructed.Deep-sequencing was performed using high-resolution Solexa sequencing platform.The secondary structure of the newly sequenced miRNA was predicted by RNAFold bioinformatics software. Results HCMV encoded various miRNAs during latent infection, including miR-US25-2-3p, miR-US25-2-5p, miR-UL112, miR-US25-1, miR-UL22A and PC-5p-148467 with a predicted length of 25 bp, named hcmv-miR-US33as-5p.Conclusion HCMV can express many types of miRNAs during latent infection.

To detect furaltadone metabolite 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone ( AMOZ ) in fish sample, an Eu3+ labeling time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay ( TRFIA ) was developed. The effects of experimental conditions including AMOZA-OVA concentration, dilution of antibody, and reaction time on the sensitivity of TRFIA were explored. The results showed that the optimized assay conditions were as follows:the AMOZA-OVA concentration was 0. 25 μg/mL; the antibody was diluted 5í104 folds, and the competitive reaction time was 50 min. Under optimal conditions, the method showed a detection limit of 0. 01 ng/mL, an IC50 of 0. 26 ng/mL and a linear range (IC20-IC80) of 0. 025-2. 83 ng/mL. The recoveries of AMOZ in fish at three spiked levels ranged from 78 . 0% to 86 . 0%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. Good correlation between the ic-TRFIA and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was obtained for spiked food samples. The proposed ic-TRFIA method was suited for the determination of AMOZ residue in food samples.

Objective To study the effect of HCV receptors′sequence on virus entry based on the two-dimensional structure and via tandem expression of HCV receptors on mouse hepatocytes.Methods The construced recombinant expression vectors pCDH-hLDLR-hSR-BⅠ-hCD81-GFP, pCDH-hLDLR-hCD81-hSR-BⅠ and pCDH-hCLDN-1-hOCLN-DsRed were cotransfected into 293FT cells with package vectors.The collected recombinant lentivirus expressing hCLDN-1-hOCLN was concentrated and attacked mouse hepatocytes.The transgenic mouse hepatocytes with tandem overexpression of CLDN-1 and OCLN were established after G418-selection.The transduced cells LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 were sorted via flow cytometry and puro-G418-selection after recombinant lentivirus expressing hLDLR-hSR-BⅠ-hCD81 and hLDLR-hCD81-hSR-BⅠattacked Hepa1-6 respectively.The infectivity of transduced mouse hepatocytes LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 to HCV was analyzed via direct-infection of serum-derived virus.Furthermore, the effect of HCV receptors′sequence on virus entry was studied.Results Both LSCCO/Hepa1-6 and LCSCO/Hepa1-6 enhanced HCV-cell binding.The transduced mouse hepatocytes LSCCO/Hepa1-6 had more HCV endocytosis.Conclusion SR-BⅠhas priority over CD81 in HCV entry in the early stage.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on senile female bladder neck obstruction treated with acupoint application, therapy and western medication.

METHODSFifty cases of senile female bladder neck observation were randomized into an obstrvation group and a control group, 25 cases in each one. Tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules were taken orally in the two groups, 0.2 mg every night, continuously for 100 days. In the observation group, with radix aconiti lateralis preparata, semen brassicae and fructus ligustri lucidi contained, bushentongyu plaster was used at Shenque (CV 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Pangguangshu (BL 28), Zhongji (CV 3) and Sanjiaoshu (BL 22), once every two days. Eight treatments made one session and 6 sessions were required totally. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), the bother score (BS), the residual volume (RV) and the maximal urinary flow rate (MFR) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSEvery score in IPSS after treatment was reduced apparently as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.01). The improvements in feeling of incomplete, bladder emptying, intermittency < 2 h, urgency, interupted urination and nocturia in the observation group were more advantageous than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 95.65% (22/23) in the observation group, higher than 85.71% (18/21) in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, RV, MFR and BS were significantly different as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of acupoint application of bushentongyu plaster and oral administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules achieves the significant efficacy on senile female bladder neck obstruction as compared with the simple administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Urination

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between the expression of transcription factor T-bet/GATA3 and Th1/Th2 type cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from lung cancer patients and their interference by the traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

METHODSThe gene expression of Th1/Th2 type cytokine IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, transcription factor T-bet/GATA3 and tumor tissue specific mRNA CEA, CK19 in PBMC from lung cancer patients were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the change of IFN gamma, IL-4, T-bet and GATA3 in PBMC before and after being cultured with the traditional Chinese herbal medicine-Astragulus and Tetramethylpyrazine was also observed.

RESULTSPredominant expression of Th2 type cytokines was detected in 42 lung cancer patients. The positive rates of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN gamma and IL-2 were 27/42, 24/42, 31/42, 4/42 and 5/42, respectively. But, the positive rates of transcription factor T-bet and GATA3 were 16/42 and 34/42. Moreover, the expression intensity of T-bet was lower in the CEA and CK19 positive patients than the negative ones. On the contrary, the expression intensity of GATA3 was significantly higher in the same patients.

CONCLUSIONPredominant expression of Th2 type cytokines may be related to lower expression of T-bet or higher expression of GATA3. This condition can be interfered by the traditional Chinese herbal medicine-Astragulus and Tetramethylpyrazine.

Cytokines ; blood ; drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective: To explore age-based clinical and immune parameters in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) to determine clinically useful markers reflecting disease characteristic. Methods: A cohort of 502 patients with HSP were enrolled into this retrospective study to evaluate their clinical and immune data. Results: Majority HSP cases occurred at age ≤14 years and showed significant immune imbalances of ESR, CD3⁺ cells, CD4⁺ cells, CD3^-CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complements C3/C4 and ASO in the acute phase. Compared to patients aged >14 years, symptoms of joint were more frequent at disease onset in patients aged ≤14 years (20.8% vs 7.6%, χ²=13.547, P<0.001) , and involvement of digestive tract and joint were also more frequent (57.4% vs 33.8%, χ²=24.106, P<0.001; 55.9% vs 32.5%, χ²=23.768, P<0.001, respectively) , but not for involvement of kidney (21.4% vs 51.3%, χ²=42.440, P<0.001) . The patients aged ≤14 years had distinct immune state, reductions of CD3⁺ cells, CD4⁺ cells and IgG were more frequent than patients aged >14 years, also increase of ASO (33.1% vs 20.0%, χ²=6.656, P=0.010) , but not increase of IgA (2.6% vs 39.4%, χ²=15.582, P<0.001) . In addition, reduction of IgG and increase of IgE were positively associated with digestive tract involvement (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively) , reduction of CD3⁺CD4⁺ cells and normal IgM were positively associated with joint involvement (P=0.004, P=0.003, respectively) , increase of CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells and normal CD3⁺ cells were positively associated with kidney involvement (P=0.032, P=0.014, respectively) . Conclusion HSP showed significant immune imbalance in the acute phase, patients between aged ≤14 and >14 years had distinct clinical and immune characteristic, and abnormal immune parameters were significantly associated with organ involvements.

Objective:To investigated the clinical, biochemical, and immunohistological characteristics of patients with aldosterone producing adenoma(APA)and different gene mutations.Methods:The clinical and biochemical data of 206 patients with APA who received unilateral adrenalectomy were collected. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the mutation in the hot-point of KCNJ5 and other genes. The tumor samples were stained by 11β-hydroxylase(CYP11B1)and aldosterone synthase(CYP11B2), which was quantified by McCarty′s H-score system.Results:The gene mutations were identified in 166 out of 206(80.6%)patients with APA, of which 158 cases were KCNJ5 mutation, 2 ATP1A1 mutation, 5 ATP2B3 mutation, and 1 CTNNB1 mutation. Age, duration of hypertension, and serum potassium in APA patients with genetic mutant were significantly lower than those without genetic mutation( P<0.05) while the proportion of female, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, aldosterone/renin ratio(ARR), and plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC)post saline infusion test(SIT)were significantly higher( P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that age, duration of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and proportion of left ventricular hypertrophy in APA patients with ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 mutations were significantly higher than those with KCNJ5 mutation( P<0.05)while the PAC post SIT and tumor diameter were significantly lower( P<0.05). The positive rates of CYP11B2 in APA with different mutations were not significantly different. The H-score of CYP11B1 was significantly higher [160.0(127.5, 193.5) vs 80.0(27.5, 152.3), P=0.020] and the H-score of CYP11B2 was significantly lower [155.0(123.0, 190.0) vs 240.0(140.0, 270.0), P<0.01] in APA with KCNJ5 mutation compared with those with ATPase mutation. Conclusion:The types of genetic mutation are closely correlated with the clinical, biochemical, and immunohistological phenotypes in patients with APA.

Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of endocrine hypertension. Aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia are the two major subtypes of primary aldosteronism. Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia as one of the rare subtypes was seldom reported. Herein, we present in detail a patient with unilateral adrenal hyperplasia difficult to be subtyped. By discussing several key points of the diagnosis and treatment process, some useful experiences and information are provided for the clinicians.