Objective To analyze the bone mineral density(BMD)and the correlated influence factors ingirls. Methods BMD and partial physical development variables of 714 girls, aged 9 to 16, were examined in Guangdong and Guangxi province and a questionnaire was administered to all subjects to determine their milk intake, physical activity, menarche, and regularity of menstruation. Results BMD in girls increased by 4.4% at age of 9～12, increased by 6.0% at age of 12～14, and increased by 2.5% at age of 14～16. Compared with girls having less than six-hour outdoor exercise, those having more than six-hour outdoor exercise revealed higher BMD levels (P200ml/day) might be effective for promoting BMD of girls during puberty.

Monoclonal antibody-targeted therapy has been a hot spot in current clinical cancer treatment. As current antibody drugs have large molecule sizes leading to poor tissue penetration, and high dosage in clinical application leading to high cost, to overcome the problems, the development of new antibody drugs with miniaturization and high potency has become a new trend. In recent years, the conjugates of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxins, called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have entered the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs, becoming a new format of antibody drugs and attracting extensive attentions. The ADC molecule usually consists of antibody, linker and effector molecule. According to different effector molecules, ADCs can be divided into three categories as chemo-conjugates, immunotoxins and radio-conjugates. When ADC molecules are internalized into cancer cells, cytotoxins will be released by chemical, enzyme degradation or by action of lysosomal proteases, then kill targeted cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, depolymerizing microtubules or breaking double-strand DNA. Recently, two ADC drugs have been approved by the US FDA and more ADC drug candidates are in clinical phase II or III trials which show significantly clinical effects and attracting much attention and competition of pharmaceutical enterprises. In this review, antibody conjugates in the past and present will be summarized and the future development trends and challenges of this type of antibody drugs will be discussed.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) belongs to the transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family. Overexpression of HER2 could directly lead to tumorigenesis and metastasis. This phenomenon could be observed in the breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Compared with the conventional chemotherapy, the targeted treatment of antibody is more specific and has lower side effects. This review describes the current status of monotherapy and combination therapies of anti-HER2 antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, with chemotherapeutic drugs. The development trends of new formats of anti-HER2 antibody drugs such as bispecific antibody, immunotoxin are also discussed.

Objective To understand the detection rate of hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and the occurrence of abnormal thyroid function in medical examination population in Huanghua City,Hebei Province.Methods Using the retrospective analysis method,the thyroid examination data of residents of Huanghua City who were examined in the Cangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province from 2014 to 2016 were collected,the detection rate of HT and the occurrence of abnormal thyroid function were analyzed.Results A total of 4 413 people were examined,aged (45.76 ± 10.13) years old;including 2 099 males and 2 314 females.The HT detection rate of the medical examination population in Huanghua City was 6.55％ (289/4 413),and there was a trend of increasing year by year (x2trend =7.126,P ＜ 0.05).The difference in HT detection rates between different genders (male:2.86％,famale:9.90％) was statistically significant (x2 =89.077,P ＜ 0.05);there was a statistically significant difference in the HT detection rates among women of different age groups (x2 =18.541,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of HT among men of different age groups (x2 =8.424,P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of abnormal thyroid function in HT patients was 25.61％ (74/289),of which the highest detection rate was 34.74％ (33/95) in the 40-＜ 50 years old group;the detection rates of HT with hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 3.11％ (9/289),6.57％ (19/289) and 15.92％ (46/289),respectively.The detection rate of HT with subclinical hypothyroidism was higher.Conclusions The HT detection rate of the population in Huanghua City has increased year by year,and some HT patients are associated with abnormal thyroid function,and their detection rate of HT with subclinical hypothyroidism is the highest.Early diagnosis of HT should be strengthened,and appropriate prevention and treatment measures should be taken in time to reduce the occurrence of HT with abnormal thyroid function.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of thrombus markers for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with malignant tumors after surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 150 patients with malignant tumors after surgery admitted to Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Hebei Province from July 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All 150 patients followed-up for 4 weeks were treated as the observation group, including 30 cases with VTE (the thrombosis group) and 120 cases without VTE (the non-thrombosis group). Another 60 cases undergoing healthy physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-α 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex(tPAIC). The control group was tested once, and the observation group was tested on the 1 day before the operation and 1 day after the operation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of thrombus markers for VTE in patients with malignant tumors after surgery. Results:The patients with lung cancer ( χ2 = 12.53, P = 0.014), ≥ 60 years old ( χ2 = 6.66, P = 0.036),body mass index>30 kg/m 2 ( χ2 = 40.53, P<0.001), tumor metastasis ( χ2 = 5.38, P = 0.031), Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage ( χ2 = 5.83, P = 0.023) had higher incidence of VTE after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant. The levels of TAT, PIC and TM in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05).The levels of TAT and TM in the thrombosis group were higher than those in the non-thrombosis group before the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05).The value of TM in predicting VTE was high [the best cut-off value was 10.70 TU/ml, area under the curve (AUC) was 0.786, the sensitivity was 73.30%, the specificity was 81.70%], the combination of TAT and TM could improve the predictive value (AUC was 0.796, the sensitivity was 80.00%, the specificity was 77.50%). The levels of TAT, PIC, TM and tPAIC in thrombosis group were all higher than those in the non-thrombosis group after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The value of TAT in predicting VTE was high (the best cut-off value was 16.50 ng/ml, AUC was 0.887, the sensitivity was 82.36%, the specificity was 71.65%), the combination of TAT, PIC, TM and tPAIC could improve the predictive value (AUC was 0.913, the sensitivity was 90.00%, the specificity was 88.60%). The level of PIC was positively correlated with TAT before and after the operation ( r = 0.66, P < 0.001; r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Conclusions:TM can be used as a sensitive indicator in the early prediction of VTE for the patients with malignant tumors and it aims at the prevention; TAT can be used as a specific indicator in predicting the development of VTE and it aims at the intervention in time. The combined detection of TAT, PIC, TM and tPAIC can improve the predictive value of VTE. At the same time, PIC can be used to evaluate the risk of bleeding.