The relationships in using efficiency and economic benefits of large-scale equipment and the cycle of turning back cost are discussed, and then the standards of full-load operation of large-scale equipment are discussed according to the analysis of utilization rate and a variety of radiotherapy techniques of large-scale equipment in past five years. On the above basis, some rational advices are proposed about how to reasonably use large-scale medical equipment and advanced treatment technique, providing high quality service for patients and achieving economic and social benefits simultaneously.

The procedure of quality assurance(QA) and quality control(QC) is introduced. Then,the necessity of performing the QA and QC combining the corresponding international technical report and clinical practice is discussed. On the above basis,a system of QA and QC suitable to our daily work is established,which provides the guarantee for high quality service to patients and achieve economic and social benefits simultaneously.

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and the radiation therapy is the primary choice. It's 5 year survival rate may reach 64.4%, while 10.0% cases may suffer from the local recurrence. The salvage radiation or surgery is still the main choice for recurrent cases now. However the recurrent tumor become radiation insensitive and meanwhile, morbidity and mortality become higher. The experience of open salvage surgery on the recurrent radiation insensitive tumor had been proved safely, and the related morbidity and mortality are acceptable. Recently, the endoscopic salvage surgery has been developed, some preliminary experience has been obtained and the result looks promising. In this article, the pathobiological characteristics of the postradiation local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer, the anatomy of nasopharyngus and related skull base area, especially the petroclival region and current situation of endonasal endoscopic salvage surgery were reviewed here. Basic principle of oncological surgery that endoscopic surgery should followed and possible endoscopic surgical approaches were proposed.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Radiation Tolerance ; Salvage Therapy ; methods ; Skull Base ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the effects of nuclear transcription factor- kappa B (NF-!B) and activated protein- 1 (AP- l) on rheumatic myocardial fibrosis. Methods Thirty rheumatic myocardial specimens and 10 normal samples were examined by Masson′s staining, immunohistochemical staining and image analy- sis. Results Both NF- !B and AP- 1 were expressed in the nuclei of myocardium with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The degree of positive staining in myocardiurn with RHD was significantly correlated with the cardial collagen volume (NF-!B: r=0.8945, AP- 1: r=0.9011, P

The importance of clinical nursing is briefly discussed in this article and the significance of enhancing professional ethics is emphasized.In addition,the importance of cultivating the thought of "being disceet when alone" and improving the quality of nursing ethics are also stressed.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of chloride channels on the neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia. METHODS Tweleve day in vitro (12dIV) neurons in rats were randomly divided into normal control, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 1.0 mmol·L~(-1) for 18 h) group, SIN-1+4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid(SITS, 0.5 mmol·L~(-1)) group and SIN-1+4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 0.1 mmol·L~(-1)) group. Drugs were added with SIN-1 simultaneously and coincubated for 18 h. The neuronal apoptosis and morphological changes were detected with Hoechst 33258. Chloride channels(ClC)-2/ClC-3 were analyzed with immunofluorescence, the chloride channel currents were recorded with whole cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the apoptotic percentages were (18.61±0.59) %, (50.43±0.56)%, (23.37±0.52)% and (23.37±0.84)% in normal control group, SIN-1 group, SIN-1+SITS or SIN-1+DIDS groups, respectively. ClC-2/ClC-3 were positively expressed in normal neurons. The currents in neurons exposed to SIN-1 were increased about 55%-56%, SITS and DIDS, two kinds of chloride channel blockers could inhibited the currents about 50%-60% and 30%-40%, respectively. CONCLUSION Voltage-dependent chloride channel maybe participate in the neuronal apoptosis induced by NO, and the activities of chloride channels are perhaps involved in the cerebral ischemic injury.

The aim of this experiment was to construct a human colorectal carcinoma cDNA phage expression library. Total RNA was extracted from the cancer tissue of human colorectal carcinoma, and the mRNA was purified. The single-strand and double-strand of cDNA were synthesized through reverse transcription-PCR and LD-PCR. cDNA fragments, after removal of those smaller than 500bp, were combined with ?TriplEx2 phage vector. The recombinant cDNA were packaged in vitro with MaxPlax TM Packaging Extract, then a small portion of packaged phage was used to infect E.coli XL1-blue for titration and determination of the percentage of recombinant clones. PCR method was used to identify the size of inserted cDNA. A human colorectal carcinoma cDNA phage library consisting of 2.07?10 6 pfu/ml recombinant bacteriophages was successfully constructed, the recombinant percentage was 94.5%, and the range of the fragment length of exogenous inserted cDNA was between 600bp～4kb, with an average of about 1.4kb. It met the universally accepted standards, and it could be useful in screening cDNA clones to find out the human colorectal carcinoma associated antigen genes.

Objective To summarize the experiences of surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. Methods The treatment for 116 patients (53 male and 63 female) with bacterial endocarditis admitted consecutively from June 1996 to July 2002 was analyzed retrospetively. Their age ranged from 5 to 64 years (mean 35.8?10.6 years). Thirty-three patients underwent operations at active phase, as the others were operated after infection was controlled. Eradication of infective vegetations was done in 109 patients, and in 43 of them valvular replacement was also performed. Correction of congenital heart diseases was done in 68. In 3 patients, myxomas were removed. Results Two patients died before the operation, and 3 patients died after surgery. Serious postoperative complications included severe low cardiac output in 5 patients, multiple organ failure in 3, and re-infection in 3 patients. Conclusion Appropriate preoperation preparation, early surgical treatment, and management of complications should be emphasized in the treatment of infective endocarditis.

Objective:To study the characterization of NK cell line co-transfected with hSCF and hIL-15 gene.Methods:pcDNA3-hSCF and pcDNA3-hIL-15 were transfected into NK-92 cell line with LipofectAMINETM,RT-PCR was used to identify NK-92 cell which express hSCF and IL-15,the activity of supernantes was respectively assayed by TF-1 and CTLL-2 cell line. CD3, CD16, CD56, CD25, CD48, CD54, CD69 and CD95 molecules were tested by FACS.Results:We established NK-92S15 cell line which express hSCF and hIL-15 steadily, proliferation ability demonstrated it had more extensive assembling trend,growing with enough cell number,the cytotoxicity of NK-92S15 cell was decreased compared with parental cell line when incubated with rhIL-2.CD56 and CD16 showed on difference while CD25,CD48, CD54 and CD95 decreased significantly.Conclusion:The characterization of NK-92 could be changed by co-transfecting with hSCF and hIL-15 gene, which was benefit to observe the character of NK cell activation and cytotoxicity related molecules. The gene transfection of NK-92 cell made it suitable for further study.