The projection area of the volar surface of the human hand was estimated on 52 young Chinese adults(26 males and 26 females.)ranging in age from 18 to 31. The average projection area of the volar surface of the hand was 145.20 square centimetres.It occupied 0.93％ of the calculated body surface.The area of the palm was 86.69 square centimetres, amounting to 59.70％ of the volar surface of the whole hand. All dimensions of different parts of the hand of males were larger than those of females. There was no difference between the right and left hands of both sexes. The coefficient of correlation among the body length, body weight, length and width of the hand, surface area of the whole body with the projection area of the volar surface of the hand was calculated. All showed close correlation. The regression of the estimation of the projection area of the volar surface of the hand with hand length and hand width was established. It is therefore to be assumed that the area of the volar surface of the hand calculated as one per cent of the body area, as it is often used in surgical examina- tions, seems to be a little higher than its real area(0.93％.

Objective To investigate the effects of labeling Schwann cells with different concentrations of SPIO, and to investigate the feasibility of in vitro MR imaging. Methods The C57BL/6 mices'Schwann cells were isolated, purified, and then 0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106, 5.0 × 106 cells were labeled with 25.0 μg/ml, 50.0 μg/ml SPIO. Prussian blue stain and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were performed for showing intracellular iron. The signal intensity of cells were evaluated by 3.0 MRI with different sequences in vitro. Results Different cell population (0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106,5.0 × 106) were cultured with different concentration SPIO about 24 hours. Dyeing degree of labeling cells stained by Prussion blue gradually deepened from 25.0 μg/ml to 50.0 μg/ml. Transmission electron microscope indicated that iron particles accumulated inendosomes/lysosomes. The MR signal intensity of labeling cells were inversely correlated with the concentration of SPIO groups in T2WI and GRE/30° imaging in vitro. Conclusion Schwann cells could be labeled effectively with SPIO, and MRI could be used to monitor these labeled cells in vitro.

Methods To investigate how the timing of cooling therapy affects organ injuries in rats with exertional heat stroke(EHS)and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods A total of 60 adult male Wistar rat models of EHS were randomized into model group without active cooling after modeling,immediate cooling group with cold water bath immediately after modeling,delayed cooling groups with cold water bath at 5,15 and 30 min after modeling,with another 12 mice without EHS as the normal control group.The changes in core body temperature of the mice were recorded and the cooling rate was calculated.After observation for 24 h,the mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected for detection of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and interferon-γ,followed by pathological examination of the vital organs.The rats that died within 24 h were immediately dissected for examination.Results The number of deaths of the model rats within 24 h increased significantly with the time of delay of cooling treatment.The delay of cooling was positively correlated(r=0.996,P=0.004)while the cooling rate negatively correlated with the mortality rate(r=-0.961,P=0.009).The inflammatory cytokine levels presented with different patterns of variations among the cooling intervention groups.All the rat models of EHS had significant organ damages characterized mainly by epithelial shedding,edema,effusion,and inflammatory cell infiltration,and brain and renal injuries reached the peak level at 24 h after EHS.Conclusion EHS causes significant nonspecific pathologies of varying severities in the vital organs of rats,and the injuries worsen progressively with the delay of cooling.There is a significant heterogeneity in changes of serum inflammatory cytokines in rats with different timing of cooling intervention following EHS.

Methods To investigate how the timing of cooling therapy affects organ injuries in rats with exertional heat stroke(EHS)and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods A total of 60 adult male Wistar rat models of EHS were randomized into model group without active cooling after modeling,immediate cooling group with cold water bath immediately after modeling,delayed cooling groups with cold water bath at 5,15 and 30 min after modeling,with another 12 mice without EHS as the normal control group.The changes in core body temperature of the mice were recorded and the cooling rate was calculated.After observation for 24 h,the mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected for detection of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and interferon-γ,followed by pathological examination of the vital organs.The rats that died within 24 h were immediately dissected for examination.Results The number of deaths of the model rats within 24 h increased significantly with the time of delay of cooling treatment.The delay of cooling was positively correlated(r=0.996,P=0.004)while the cooling rate negatively correlated with the mortality rate(r=-0.961,P=0.009).The inflammatory cytokine levels presented with different patterns of variations among the cooling intervention groups.All the rat models of EHS had significant organ damages characterized mainly by epithelial shedding,edema,effusion,and inflammatory cell infiltration,and brain and renal injuries reached the peak level at 24 h after EHS.Conclusion EHS causes significant nonspecific pathologies of varying severities in the vital organs of rats,and the injuries worsen progressively with the delay of cooling.There is a significant heterogeneity in changes of serum inflammatory cytokines in rats with different timing of cooling intervention following EHS.