Objective To study inhibitory activity of anthraquinone in Polygonum Cillinerve(Nakai) Ohwi (anthraquinone in PCO) to nitrosation. Methods Anthraquinone was extracted from Polygonum Cillinerve(Nakai) Ohwi with sulfuric acid and chloroform as solvents. The capability of scavenging sodium nitrite and disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis with anthraquinone in PCO were determined by spectrophotometry under simulated human gastric juice. Results Both the sodium nitrite scavenging rate and the nitrosamine synthesis disconnecting rate showed the positive correlation with the concentration of anthraquinone in PCO. The strongest capability of scavenging sodium nitrite was 53.5%, and the strongest capability of disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis was 71.3%. Conclusion Anthraquinone in PCO had strong capability of scavenging sodium nitrite and disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis.

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and the radiation therapy is the primary choice. It's 5 year survival rate may reach 64.4%, while 10.0% cases may suffer from the local recurrence. The salvage radiation or surgery is still the main choice for recurrent cases now. However the recurrent tumor become radiation insensitive and meanwhile, morbidity and mortality become higher. The experience of open salvage surgery on the recurrent radiation insensitive tumor had been proved safely, and the related morbidity and mortality are acceptable. Recently, the endoscopic salvage surgery has been developed, some preliminary experience has been obtained and the result looks promising. In this article, the pathobiological characteristics of the postradiation local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer, the anatomy of nasopharyngus and related skull base area, especially the petroclival region and current situation of endonasal endoscopic salvage surgery were reviewed here. Basic principle of oncological surgery that endoscopic surgery should followed and possible endoscopic surgical approaches were proposed.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Radiation Tolerance ; Salvage Therapy ; methods ; Skull Base ; Survival Rate

The diameters and projection area of the articular surfaces, contributed to the formation of the sacroiliac joint, were determined on 50 sets of pelvic bones with image analysing apparatus.By drawing a line connecting the most anterior point of the prominence to the deepest point of the posterior incisure, the articular surface may be divided into a superior and an inferior portions. The inferior portion was larger than the superior portion. Each portion of the articular surface on the ilium is slightly larger than that on the sacrum.In order to explore the relationship between the form of the articular surface and its function in transmitting the gravity of the human body, the stress of the neighbouring area near the anterior margin of the articular surface was determined. Moreover, the bony architecture on the cross section passing through the articular surface was observed. It suggests that the strain in the neighbouring area was in linear equation with the gravity loaded on the spinal column. The strongest stress was determined at the anterior margin of the anterior prominence and the thickness of the cortex lying on the relevant bones appears most obvious at the same sites. These results further improve that the bony architecture was consistent with the strain in bearing the body weight. Besides, the form of the articular surface was also adapted to its function.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of free myocutaneous flap transfer for the treatment of refractory post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower leg and foot. Methods Eleven patients with refractory post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower legs and feet were treated between February 2004 and December 2007. There were 9 males and 2 females. The average age was 3.5 years. All patients had at least four to five unsuccessful surgical procedures and prolonged antibiotic treatment prior to presentation. The mean duration of osteomyelitis was 26 months (12-47 months). According to the Ciemy-Mader classification, there were 3 cases for ⅢA, 2 for ⅢBL, 4 for ⅥA and 2 for ⅥBL. After radical debridement, free myocutaneous flaps were immediately performed. Nine latissimus dorsi and 2 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps were used.External fixation was applied in 6 patients with skeletal instability due to tibial defects. Results An average follow-up was 3.5 years. Two cases suffered partial necrosis and were managed successfully with split-thickness skin grafts later. In 4 patients of presenting segmental bone defect, autogenous bone grafting was applied in one patient and achieved consolidation after 5 months; bone transplantation in 2 patients and achieved consolidation after 8 and 10 months; and vascularized fibula graft in one patient in whom the gap of the tibia was about 10 cm and achieved consolidation after 4 months. The other 7 patients of this group achieved bone consolidation without bone graft. Conclusion The cornerstone of the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis was to be the radical debridement of all involved necrotic and infected soft tissue and bone.The free myocutaneous flaps transfer which has the advantage of obliteration of dead space and stable coverage of the defect was a safe and viable treatment option in chronic osteomyelitis of the lower leg and foot.

The human venous valve of the brachial,femoral and long saphenous veins wereexamined with light,transmission and scanning electron microscopy.The observationshows that the venous valve is composed of three functional layers covered withendothelium on both surfaces.A loosely structured layer is located underlying theendothelium.A network mainly containing randomly oriented elastic fibers was foundnear the side towards the lumen.To the side towards the venous wall,there is adense layer composed of eircumferentially and transversly oriented collagen bundles.Some smooth muscle cells extend from the wall of the vein to the base of thevenous valve.The elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells together with the collagenfibers contribute to the mechanical load-bearing performance of the valve and to thepassive closing and openning mechanism.In addition,the smooth muscle cells mightplay an active role in the normal functioning of the valve.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy of venous valve showdifferent arrangement of the endothelium.On the surface of the valve next to the wallof the vein,the endothelial cells are transversely arranged,while on the othersurface over which the current of blood flows,the cells are longitudinally arrangedin the direction of the current.These accord with the role of fluid mechanics.12 normal venous valves were tested by universal testing instrument (Instrontype 1122).The mean value of the maximum tension of the valve is 1 N.Theaverage value of the tensile ultimate strength is 10N/mm~2.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the anti-tumor fraction of ethanol extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak and investigate its anti-tumor effect on human leukemia cell line. METHODS: Ethyl acetate, n-butanol and acetone fractions were separated from the ethanol extracts of wild Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Growth inhibiting effects of these extracts on human leukemia cell lines K562 and HL-60 were determined by live cell counting and cell growth curve analysis. The possible anti-tumor mechanism was studied by morphological analysis with norcantharidin as a positive control. RESULTS: Ethyl acetate fraction could significantly inhibit the proliferations of K562 and HL-60 cells, and the inhibiting effect depended on the concentration of ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction could induce apoptosis of K562 and HL-60 cells. The n-butanol and acetone fractions had no significant inhibiting effect on K562 and HL-60 cells. CONCLUSION: Ethyl acetate fraction is the major anti-tumor fraction in ethanol extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-tumor and immunological effect of extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak on mice transplanted S180 tumor cells. METHODS: Different doses of volatile oil and alcohol extracted substances from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak were given to mice bearing S180 tumor for 9 days. Tumor inhibition rates and coefficients of spleen and thymus were determined. RESULTS: Tumor inhibition rates of the groups with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1)) were 51.5% (P<0.01) and 36.4% (P<0.05) respectively, and those of the groups with volatile oil (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))were both 39.4% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak have anti-tumor activities. The coefficient of spleen in group with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))was close to normal value, and its coefficient of thymus was between that of the negative control group and the group with cyclophosphamide (0.02 g.kg(-1).d(-1)). The anti-tumor activity of the alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of the control group and the tumor inhibition rate was depending on drug concentration. Depending on index of immunity,the extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak may have some influences on immunity.

Objective To construct a lentiviral expression vector of peroxiredoxin2(PRDX2) RNA interference (RNAi) and to investigate the effect of siRNA of PRDX2 genes on the proliferation of human colonrectal cancer SW480 cell .Methods RNAi tar‐get sequences were designed and synthesized towards the PRDX2 gene sequences .The lentiviral vector pGC‐EGFP‐shPRDX2 was constructed and identified .The vector was transformed into SW480 cells ,and the transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluores‐cence microscopy .The expression of PRDX2 was detected with Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot in the transfected cells .Cell growth and colony forming ability were detected with MTT and plate cloning technique .Results PRDX2 gene lentiviral vector was successfully established and was proved by gene sequencing .The expression of PRDX2 in mRNA and pro‐tein was significantly reduced(P<0 .05) .The PRDX2 mRNA and protein expression in SW480 transfected with lentiviral were sig‐nificantly reduced (P< 0 .05) ,and the ability of growth and proliferation were significantly reduced(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion PRDX2 gene lentiviral vector could be a stable and reliable tool .The proliferation and growth of SW480 cells transfected by pGC‐EGFP‐shPRDX2 could be effectively suppressed ,which could facilitate further investigation of the roles of PRDX2 gene in the de‐velopment and progression of colorectal cancer .

OBJECTIVEThrough determination of the dynamic change of the active component in different parts of Prunella vulgaris at different growth stages, to find the optimal harvest time.

METHODTotal flavonoids content was determined by using the spectrophotometric method, and the content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was determined by HPLC. The contents of ash and extract were determined according to the methods in Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005 edition).

RESULTThere existed the active components in all parts of P. vulgaris, but the active component contents in different parts of P. vulgaris of at different growth stages, changed very obviously.

CONCLUSIONIn Yangtze-Huaihai region, the optimal harvest time of Prunella spike best harvest is at the end of June, and Prunellastem at the end of May. All parts of P. vulgaris have medicinal value.

This article reviews that Guangzhou Medical University has explored the selection mechanism of "3+3 Successive Master-Doctor Program" for academic postgraduates of medical doctor and improved the quality of doctoral student selection by the following ways: stimulating the enthusiasm of the supervisor team through "competition", improving the quality of doctoral students through "selection", and optimizing the allocation of graduate education resources through "management mechanism reform". Our selection mechanism focuses on improving the quality of graduate education, fully listens to teachers and students, gives full play to the role of scholarships and financial aids, and pays equal attentions to the selection of outstanding applicants and the management of the training process of successive Master-Doctor program, which provides the beneficial reference for medical schools to explore the innovation of talent training models.