BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the quality of lunches provided in senior leisure service (SLS) facilities and compared institutional foodservice (IF) and noninstitutional foodservice (non-IF). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 390 adults aged 65 years or older who ate lunches in SLS facilities were analyzed using the information from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were classified into IF (n = 129) and non-IF (n = 261) groups according to meal type provided. The intake of major food groups, energy and nutrients, and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were analyzed. The diversity of meals was evaluated by food group patterns, dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary variety score (DVS). Energy intake was adjusted in model 1, while energy and sex were adjusted in model 2. All confounding variables were adjusted in model 3. RESULTS: The intake of seafoods (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3), seaweeds (P < 0.01 in models 1 and 2), and dairy products (P < 0.05 in models 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher in the IF group. No significant difference existed in energy intake; however, the intake of all nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C was significantly higher in the IF group. NAR of all nutrients, excluding vitamin C, was higher in the IF group, and MAR was also higher in the IF group (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3). The IF group had significantly higher DDS and DVS than the non-IF group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lunches provided in SLS facilities were better in terms of quantity and quality when provided through IF than through non-IF. More systematic foodservice programs should be implemented in SLS facilities, especially in facilities wherein users prepare their own meals.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the quality of lunches provided in senior leisure service (SLS) facilities and compared institutional foodservice (IF) and noninstitutional foodservice (non-IF). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 390 adults aged 65 years or older who ate lunches in SLS facilities were analyzed using the information from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were classified into IF (n = 129) and non-IF (n = 261) groups according to meal type provided. The intake of major food groups, energy and nutrients, and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were analyzed. The diversity of meals was evaluated by food group patterns, dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary variety score (DVS). Energy intake was adjusted in model 1, while energy and sex were adjusted in model 2. All confounding variables were adjusted in model 3. RESULTS: The intake of seafoods (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3), seaweeds (P < 0.01 in models 1 and 2), and dairy products (P < 0.05 in models 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher in the IF group. No significant difference existed in energy intake; however, the intake of all nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C was significantly higher in the IF group. NAR of all nutrients, excluding vitamin C, was higher in the IF group, and MAR was also higher in the IF group (P < 0.001 in models 1, 2, and 3). The IF group had significantly higher DDS and DVS than the non-IF group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lunches provided in SLS facilities were better in terms of quantity and quality when provided through IF than through non-IF. More systematic foodservice programs should be implemented in SLS facilities, especially in facilities wherein users prepare their own meals.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the aim of facilitating the early detection of Alzheimer's disease, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative proposed two stages based on the memory performance: early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI). The current study was designed to investigate structural differences in terms of surface atrophy and microstructural changes of the hippocampus in EMCI and LMCI. METHODS: Hippocampal shape modeling based on progressive template surface deformation was performed on T1-weighted MRI images obtained from 20 cognitive normal (CN) subjects, 17 EMCI patients, and 20 LMCI patients. A template surface in CN was used as a region of interest for diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Cluster-wise group comparison was performed based on DTI indices within the hippocampus. Linear regression was performed to identify correlations between DTI metrics and clinical scores. RESULTS: The hippocampal surface analysis showed significant atrophies in bilateral CA1 regions and the right ventral subiculum in EMCI, in contrast to widespread atrophy in LMCI. DTI VBM analysis showed increased diffusivity in the CA2–CA4 regions in EMCI and additionally in the subiculum region in LMCI. Hippocampal diffusivity was significantly correlated with scores both for the Mini Mental State Examination and on the Modified Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale. However, the hippocampal diffusivity did not vary significantly with the fractional anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS: EMCI showed hippocampal surface changes mainly in the CA1 region and ventral subiculum. Diffusivity increased mainly in the CA2–CA4 regions in EMCI, while it decreased throughout the hippocampus in LMCI. Although axial diffusivity showed prominent changes in the right hippocampus in EMCI, future studies need to confirm the presence of this laterality difference. In addition, diffusivity is strongly correlated with the cognitive performance, indicating the possibility of using diffusivity as a biomarker for disease progression.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Anisotropy ; Atrophy ; Biomarkers ; Disease Progression ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neuroimaging*

OBJECTIVES: This paper proposes a measurement method to quantify the abnormal characteristics of the broken parts of ribs using local texture and shape features in chest radiographs. METHODS: Our measurement method comprises two steps: a measurement area assignment and sampling step using a spline curve and sampling lines orthogonal to the spline curve, and a fracture-ness measurement step with three measures, asymmetry and gray-level co-occurrence matrix based measures (contrast and homogeneity). They were designed to quantify the regional shape and texture features of ribs along the centerline. The discriminating ability of our method was evaluated through region of interest (ROI) analysis and rib fracture classification test using support vector machine. RESULTS: The statistically significant difference was found between the measured values from fracture and normal ROIs; asymmetry (p < 0.0001), contrast (p < 0.001), and homogeneity (p = 0.022). The rib fracture classifier, trained with the measured values in ROI analysis, detected every rib fracture from chest radiographs used for ROI analysis, but it also classified some unbroken parts of ribs as abnormal parts (8 to 17 line sets; length of each line set, 2.998 +/- 2.652 mm; length of centerlines, 131.067 +/- 29.460 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Our measurement method, which includes a flexible measurement technique for the curved shape of ribs and the proposed shape and texture measures, could discriminate the suspicious regions of ribs for possible rib fractures in chest radiographs.
Decision Support Techniques ; Rib Fractures ; Ribs ; Thorax

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue/organ printing is a major aspect of recent innovation in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D tissue/organ printing aims to create 3D living tissue/organ analogues, and have evolved along with advances in 3D printing techniques. A diverse range of computer-aided 3D printing techniques have been applied to dispose living cells together with biomaterials and supporting biochemical factors within pre-designed 3D tissue/organ analogues. Recent developments in printable biomaterials, such as decellularized extracellular matrix bio-inks have enabled improvements in the functionality of the resulting 3D tissue/organ analogues. Here, we provide an overview of the 3D printing techniques and biomaterials that have been used, including the development of 3D tissue/organ analogues. In addition, in vitro models are described, and future perspectives in 3D tissue/organ printing are identified.
Biocompatible Materials ; Extracellular Matrix ; In Vitro Techniques ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVE: This article examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (K-ITSEA). METHODS: Translation and back-translation of the K-ITSEA were conducted after obtaining a permission. Two thousand two hundred thirty six Korean community infants (1,199 boys and 1,037 girls) between the ages of 12 and 36 months (M=34.23, SD=3.80) and 90 clinical infant samples (60 boys and 30 girls) between the ages of 12 and 36 months (M=26.84, SD=6.24) participated in the present study. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses supported the Internalizing, Externalizing, Dysregulation, and Competence domains as well as the 17 individual scales that comprise the K-ITSEA. Young children's sex and age differences emerged for some problem and most competence scales. All domains showed adequate intrascale reliability and test-retest reliability. Scale intracorrelation analyses and associations between the K-ITSEA and Korean version of PSI, Korean version of CBCL1.5-5 supported the validity of the assessment. Comparisons of the K-ITSEA scores for the Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychiatric Disorders and Matched control groups supported the discriminant validity of the K-ITSEA. CONCLUSION: This preliminary results indicate that the K-ITSEA would be a useful assessment for detecting the early childhood's behavior problems and competences in Korean population.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Humans ; Infant ; Mental Competency ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Weights and Measures

The authors found a language error in the published article. The authors replace the Figure 1.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gas pain, post-operative resilience, and body temperature discomfort among patients who received laparoscopic myomectomies. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of 62 patients with thermotherapy and the control group consisted of 60 patients. Thermotherapy was applied individually to the experimental group four hours after surgery. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, χ²-tests, and repeated measures of analysis of variance, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. RESULTS: The results showed no significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement in gas-related pain in the experimental group. For gas-related pain, there was significant difference in right shoulder pain at 24 hours (t=-4.222, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-3.688, p=.000), 72 hours (t=-2.250, p=.028), and left at 24 hours (t=-3.727, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-4.150, p=.000), and 72 hours (t=-2.482, p=.016) and both shoulders at 24 hours (t=-2.722, p=.009) and 48 hours (t=-2.525, p=.014). There was no significant difference in epigastric pain, excluding both epigastric pain at 48 hours (t=2.908, p=.005), 72 hours (t=3.010, p=.004), but there was a significant difference in objective body temperature discomfort (t=2.895, p=.008). CONCLUSION: Thermotherapy relieved shoulder gas-related pain and objective body temperature discomfort. It needs to be developed and applied to improve post-operative discomfort in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomies.
Body Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Hysterectomy ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on food consumption frequencies among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2011 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 75,643 (37,873 males and 37,770 females) middle and high school students. It was carried out as a self-administered on-line survey. The frequency of eating breakfast was 4.8 times per week for middle school students and 4.6 times per week for high school students (p < 0.001). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, family affluence scale (FAS) and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent breakfast eating. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and milk were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption fruits was higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, FAS and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent consumption of vegetable, fruits and milk. The frequencies of consumption of soda, fast food and instant noodls were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption of snacks was higher in females than in males. Adolescents with lower levels of FAS and education attainment of mother were at risk for skipping breakfast and consuming of soda, fast food and instant noodls more frequently. Whereas, adolescents with higher levels of FAS, education attainment of mother were more likely to be frequent consumers of vegetable, fruits and milk. These findings demonstrated that being high school students and belonging to lower level of socio-economic status (SES) were associated with undesirable food habits.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Eating ; Family Characteristics ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Milk ; Mothers ; Risk-Taking ; Snacks ; Vegetables

To avoid later complication of peritoneal dialysis catheter, it is recommended to delay regular exchange of peritoneal dialysis for about 2-4weeks after insertion of catheter(break-in period). During break-in period some patients need hemodialysis(HD) or other intermittent dialysis. In such cases residual renal function(RRF) can decrease substantially compared with patients who do not need HD during break-in period since RRF is preserved better in CAPD patients than HD patients. This is prospective observational study to examine such an effect of HD during break-in period on residual renal function in CAPD patients. 20 patients who were clinically stable and had been on CAPD since March, 1999 were observed. 6 patients were treated with HD for 1month during break-in period and CAPD thereafter(group A). 14 patients were treated with CAPD without HD(group B). GFR(mean of creatinine and urea clearance of urine) and urine Kt/V urea were measured at start, and 1, 3, 6 months of renal replacement therapy. Covariables analyzed in this study were mean arterial blood pressure, serum albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, age, sex, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and peritonitis episode. There was no significant difference in initial RRF, mean arterial blood pressure, serum albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, age, sex, and the presence of diabetes mellitus between 2 groups. Initial GFR was a little smaller in group A than group B(45.0+/-10.1 L/week vs. 54.6+/-5.7L/week) which was not statistically significant. GFR after 1, 3 and 6months of dialysis(including 1month of HD in group A) were smaller in group A than B(28.6+/-5.3L/week vs. 54.4+/-5.7L/week, 32.7+/-5.2L/week vs 56.9+/-6.1L/week, 21.0+/-4.1L/week vs 53.6+/-5.4L/week at 1,3,6 months after dialysis in group A and B), which were significant. Urine Kt/V showed same pattern. The change of GFR and urine Kt/V have no correlation with serum albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and change of mean arterial blood pressure and is not affected by sex, and presence of DM or peritonitis. We concluded that HD during break-in period can decrease RRF in CAPD patients, which may not recover after 6months of dialysis. Avoiding HD during break-in period with appropriate preparation can preserve RRF in CAPD patients.
Arterial Pressure ; Catheters ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Serum Albumin ; Urea