PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a program promoting adjustment to hospital life and determining its effectiveness for school aged children. METHOD: The sample group consisted of 76 hospitalized children in 2 University Hospitals located in Busan. The experimental group was given the program on admission and feedback was obtained on the 3rd day and again 24 hours later. Data was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA in the SPSS program package. RESULT: There were significant differences, in information(t=4.235, p=0.000) and coping effort criteria (t=2.922, p=0.005) between the experimental and control groups. There was a non-significant difference in attitude criteria between the two groups(t=1.009, p=0.316). CONCLUSION: It was found that the adjustment promoting program for hospital life for school aged children was effective, but not enough to promote self-esteem. The program, based on a learning theory, was improved and shown to be an effective and strong method to promote adjustment of school-aged children.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Child ; Child Psychology ; Child, Hospitalized/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

PURPOSE: The study was done to identify adjustment to hospital life of school aged children. This research was designed as a descriptive study. METHOD: A convenience sample of 186 patients who were hospitalized children, 6~12 years old. The instrument in this study were developed by researcher and constructed to include 5 sub categories about adjustment to hospital life. They ask children to rate each item on 5 Likert scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS Win Program. RESULT: The mean average score of adjustment to hospital life was 91.75(SD+/-11.22); the social support revealed the highest value, followed by self-esteem, stress on disease, stress on hospitalization, and defense strategies. There was differences on bibliographic data; hospital date, disease type. The relationship between adjustment and sub categories was significant, especially in the stress on hospitalization and disease, social support and self-esteem. The relationship between coping strategies and stress on diseases was reversed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pediatric nurses need to be aware of the adjustment to hospital life. A development of nursing intervention program may be useful and critical for hospitalized school aged children.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Nursing ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study examined what characteristics and variables predict participation in support groups for women with breast cancer. METHOD: 282 women with breast cancer from 4 hospitals located in Busan were included in the study. Data was measured on each participant from September 2006 to February 2007. Data was collected using structured researcheradministered sheets and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The clients reported medium levels of illness perception, anxiety and depression, stress with coping, social support and self-efficacy. 48.9% of women with breast cancer participated in support groups. Significant influencing factors on the participation in support groups were 'operation time(+)', 'illness perception(+)', 'social support(-)', and 'self-efficacy(+)' Those variables explained 73.4%. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop a strategy or promoting program for promotion of illness perception and self-efficacy of women with breast cancer. Thus, it is essential to provide participation to a support group to a women with breast cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Questionnaires ; ROC Curve ; *Self-Help Groups ; Women

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to identify factors related to the health behavior in elementary school children at a late school age and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for health promotion and disease prevention. METHODS: The participants were 2,775 4th, 5th and 6th graders sampled from 10 elementary schools in Busan Metropolitan City and data were collected from 15th May to 30th June, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by mean, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The average percentiles for self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior were 82.8, 69.5, 40.9, 79.3, 75.9 and 75.9, respectively. There was significant relationship among the levels of self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior. Body satisfaction was the most powerful factor to the health behavior of elementary school children at a late school age, and was followed by parent attachment, self-rated health, self-esteem, and grade in order. These variables explained 26.6% of the total variance in health behavior. CONCLUSION: Health promotion behavior programs including body satisfaction and self-esteem elevation programs should be applied to children at home and in school and community. To achieve this, institutional and economic support should be continued.
Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Busan ; Child* ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Self Concept ; Child Health

PURPOSE: Early diagnosis is the primary method aimed at controlling breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze some factors affecting the performance of mammography screening among women with a family history of breast cancer in Korea. METHODS: This study applied a descriptive design method through structured self-report questionnaires. The Care Seeking Behavior Theory provided a theoretical framework for the study. Factors measured in this study represent demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables including anxiety, barriers, utility, habits, perception, and facilitators. A total of 212 participants, of at least 20 years old, were sampled from April 8, 2010 to March 31, 2011. The data was analyzed by logistic regression method using the Statistical Package for the Social Science 18.0 software. RESULTS: Of the 212 participants, 122 women (57.5%) went through mammography screening. The results of the analysis showed that (a) age (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.10, p<.001), (b) facilitating influences (OR=1.83, p=.008), (c) perception of mammography importance (OR=1.92, p=.011), (d) barriers to mammography (OR=0.60, p=.031), and (e) utility of mammography (OR=2.01, p=.050) significantly affect mammography screening. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the impact that psychosocial variables in obtaining mammography have on adherence to screening. Women with a family history of breast cancer should be given accurate information and recommendation about mammography by healthcare provider and a regular source of healthcare.
Anxiety ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Delivery of Health Care ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Sciences ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: Involvement of families in rounds is one strategy to implement patient- and family-centered care to help families get clear information about their child, and be actively involved in decision making. The purpose of this paper was to identify the major concepts of family-centered rounds for hospitalized children. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases for relevant articles and used Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methods to synthesize the literature. Articles published between June 2003 and January 2016 were reviewed and through full text screening 24 peer-reviewed articles were found that met the selection criteria for this review. RESULTS: Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, four overarching components emerged: (a) cognition of parents and medical staff, (b) effective communication, (c) collaboration of family and medical staff, (d) coaching of medical staff. CONCLUSION: For successful family-centered rounds positive cognition is important. Appropriate communication skills and consideration of multi-cultural family can lead to effective communication. Offering consistent and transparent information is important for collaboration between family and medical staff. Prior education on family-centered rounds is also important. Four major components have been identified as basic standards for implementing family-centered rounds for hospitalized children.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Cognition ; Cooperative Behavior ; Decision Making ; Education ; Family Nursing ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Medical Staff ; Parents ; Patient Selection ; Teaching Rounds

PURPOSE: Parents with a premature infant are usually confronted with difficulties in caring for their babies and need education on appropriate care. The purpose of this paper was to describe the components of caring education for parents with a premature infant based on an integrative literature review and to present strategies for future education. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched to identify studies. Sixteen articles were selected through full text screening of related research published in domestic journals from January 1990 to October 2012. RESULTS: Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, three components emerged; (a) nurses as educators and parents as learners, (b) education content including caring on admission or discharge, and effects of education, and (c) education environment including timing, place and materials. CONCLUSION: Future education on caring for premature infant should include the nurse as educator and have diverse content including parent's role, interaction with healthcare providers, and special care for premature infants with special problems. Moreover, highly technical teaching materials should be provided, along with continuous support of institution and government to individual caregivers. Results of this study provide comprehensive prospective and basic standards for education on premature infant care.
Caregivers ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Mass Screening ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Parents ; Teaching Materials

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that evaluated QUality Of care Through patients' Eyes for hospitalized child (QUOTE-Child), and examine the validity and reliability. METHODS: Preliminary items were reviewed through expert content validity and face validity. To test the validity and reliability of the instrument, the data were collected from 221 care givers of hospitalized children. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded 19 items in four factors including 1) respect, 2) explanation, 3) kindness, and 4) skillfulness, with a cumulative explanatory variance of 70.68%. For criterion-related validity, a significant positive relationship was found between quality of care and pediatric family satisfaction. For internal consistency reliability, the Cronbach's alpha was .93 (importance) and .95 (performance) for the overall instrument. The half split reliabilities were .86, .95 (importance) and .92, .97 (performance). The Cronbach's alpha of 110 data was .92 (importance) and .94 (performance). CONCLUSION: Researchers and practitioners can use this instrument to systematically assess quality of care for hospitalized children and identify areas of support for hospitalized children and their family.
Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Humans ; Quality of Health Care ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare edema and pain after completing a nurse's daily shift and to examine the effects of self leg massage which was usually used for reducing nurses' lower extremity edema and pain after their shift. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects wer 81 nurses who took a self leg massage program created by the researcher. Self leg massage was done 15 times during 3 weeks. Data were collected from September 21 to October 31, 2007. The level of lower extremity edema was measured by ankle and calf circumference by a tapeline in cm and the pain score was measured by using a subjective numbering rating scale. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program using statistics of repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in pain according to the department. There was a statistically significant difference in lower extremity edema and pain in nurses after their shift and self leg massage. CONCLUSION: Self leg massage was effective for relieving nurses' lower extremity edema and pain. Therefore, it is proposed that standardized self leg massage should be applied as a method for nurses' lower extremity edema and pain.
Adult ; Edema/*therapy ; Education, Nursing, Continuing ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; *Leg/physiology ; *Massage ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Pain/*therapy ; Pain Measurement ; Self Care ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize the available research on educational programs for the management of childhood atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria were publication in the English or Korean language prior to March 2013, as a peer-reviewed empirical study focused on educational programs for childhood atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Four themes were derived from the data: (a) children of all ages and symptom severity, and their families as learners; (b) well-trained and family-preferred health professionals as educators; (c) long-term follow-up with diverse interventions as educational methods; and (d) quality of life for the child and family as educational goals. CONCLUSIONS: This review indicates the challenges that health professionals face in improving symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The identified strategies can be used in the development of more effective evidencebased programs. Future studies should focus on the development and evaluation of educational programs that include these themes.
Adolescent ; Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic/*therapy ; Empirical Research ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Parents ; *Patient Education as Topic