PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to contribute to enhancing elementary school health teachers professional job performance by analyzing their job identity and job stress. METHODS: The participants were 138 elementary school health teachers registered at the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education, and the survey was conducted from the 22nd to 23rd of July, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The average percentiles of job identity and job stress were 70.6 and 64.0 respectively. Among the sub-factors of job identity, autonomy was highest as 73.5, and among the sub-factors of job stress, job demand was highest as 73.9. There were significant differences in the degree of job identity and job stress according to education status, the number of classes, job satisfaction, enthusiasm for work, and the image of nursing teachers expressed in a word. The regression model explained 21.2% of the variance of job identity. job stress explained 32.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop various comprehensive programs for improving job identity and managing job stress. In addition, it is necessary to provide support systems including persons, promotion and rewards to school health teachers.
Busan ; Education ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Reward ; School Health Services* ; Social Identification ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school adaptation program (SAP) for school-age children with emotional and behavioral problems who attended public elementary schools. METHODS: SAP, developed by the authors, addresses school adaptation and academic efficacy and consists of 10 sessions based on five categories (i.e., school life, classroom activity, relationship with friends, relationship with teacher, and school environment). Sixteen children with emotional and behavior problems answered questionnaires before and after participation in the program. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre and post-test on school adaptation (t=-2.78, p=.015) and academic efficacy (t=-4.62, p<.001) after the 10 sessions of SAP. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that SAP can could serve as a practical program for school nurses and teachers. Further studies based on SAP in various school settings are recommended.
Child* ; Friends ; Humans ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) commonly occurs after spinal anesthesia; however, its incidence rate and predictors have been scarcely studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its incidence rate and potential predictors. Methods: The electronic medical records of 6,610 consecutive patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were reviewed between January 2016 and December 2020. The primary outcome was PONV incidence within 24 h after spinal anesthesia. Along with its incidence rate, we investigated its predictors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 5,691 patients included in the analysis, 1,298 (22.8%) experienced PONV within 24 h after spinal anesthesia. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.23, 95% CI [2.72, 3.83], P < 0.001), nonsmoker (OR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.46, 3.07], P < 0.001), history of PONV (OR: 1.52, 95% CI [1.26, 1.82], P < 0.001), prophylactic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist use (OR: 0.35, 95% CI [0.24, 0.50], P < 0.001), prophylactic steroid use (OR: 0.53, 95% CI [0.44, 0.62], P < 0.001), baseline heart rate ≥ 60 beats/min (OR: 1.38, 95% CI [1.10, 1.72], P = 0.005), and postoperative opioid use (OR: 2.57, 95% CI [1.80, 3.67], P < 0.001), were significant predictors of the primary outcome. Conclusions Our study showed the common incidence of PONV after spinal anesthesia and its significant predictors. A better understanding of its predictors may provide important information for its management.

Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress. The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body’s health. This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 hours after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal). The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points. We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and γH2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink. Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma. Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense. Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and γH2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 weeks trial on metabolic challenges. Conclusion Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 weeks enhances the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.

Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the association between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the severity of depression and anxiety in the Korean community during the period dominated by the Omicron variant. Methods: We used data from the 2022 Daejeon Mental Health Survey, involving data of 985 participants aged 19–69 years. The data collected included SARS-CoV-2 infection experience, days post-infection, and depression and anxiety symptoms evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7, respectively. Additionally, physical health, social activity status, and sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, educational level, and household income were collected. The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and depression and anxiety were examined. Further analyses explored association between days post- infection and the severity of depression and anxiety. Results: There was no significant correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and depression and anxiety in the overall population. Notably, participants under 50 years of age exhibited a transient worsening of depression and anxiety, followed by a decrease in symptoms within 40 days. Participants aged 51 years and older showed no significant change in depression and anxiety. Conclusion This study discerned transient effects of Omicron variant infection on depression and anxiety, particularly in younger individuals. A prospective study encompassing a larger sample size is imperative to investigate the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on depression and anxiety.

In an effort to improve the blood safety management system, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention visited the national agencies and blood centers of foreign countries. In Japan, the management system for Human T-lymphotropic virus positive donors is operated. In Germany, Red Cross Blood Centers provide 75~80% of national blood consumption, and hospital blood centers provided 15~20%. In addition, the Paul Ehrlich Institut is engaged in blood center management and blood product safety, and the Robert Koch Institut manages transfusion-transmitted infection. The standard temperature of RBC transport is 1~10degrees C. In Austria, haemovigilance is operated by the National Blood Authority and adverse reactions following transfusion are investigated by Blood Centers. In Britain, blood is provided by National Health Service Blood and Transplant, and the Serious Hazards of Transfusion, haemovigilance system is operated. Universal leukoreduction has been performed since 1999 in order to prevent transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Austria ; Blood Safety* ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; Germany ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors ; Viruses

In fully edentulous cases, which are accompanied by severe residual ridge resorption and impairment of supporting tissues of complete dentures, proper diagnosis and systemic treatment planning are required for the improvement in retention, stability, and support of prosthesis. Provisional restoration, while it is unfamiliar in complete denture restoration, can be used as a valuable tool, which makes possible to evaluate the stability of complete dentures and receive feedback from patients in complex clinical situations. In this case, a provisional denture was used to improve stability of impression, polished, and occlusal surfaces of complete denture, and to consider esthetic requirements before final denture construction. The result was clinically satisfactory in terms of functional and esthetical aspects.
Denture, Complete ; Dentures* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Prostheses and Implants

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is mostly transmitted by the oral-fecal route. However, rare cases of transmission via blood transfusion still exist. A retrospective study was designed to trace a case of transfusion transmitted HAV (TTHAV) infection through the Post Donation Infection (PDI) system in Korea in 2006. We report here on a case of TTHAV that was identified through a lookback study. A 35-year old woman received 6 units of packed red cell transfusion when undergoing Caesarian section in a hospital. Ten days later, she developed a high fever and sore throat. Anorexia and abdominal pain developed in 45 days after transfusion. She was diagnosed with acute tonsillitis at the hospital, and she was not aware of her HAV infection at that time. Then, a donor informed the blood center of his HAV infection 10 days after donation to request his blood be discarded. The recipients of the blood were traced and epidemiological studies lead to the patient, which prompted her serum to be collected and tested. Finally, TTHAV was identified for this patient with positive anti-HAV IgG/IgM results. This is the first case of TTHAV to be identified through the HAV lookback study in Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Blood Transfusion ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; Hepatitis A virus ; Humans ; Korea ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharyngitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors ; Tonsillitis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the professional identity of elementary school health teachers. METHODS: In-depth interviews with fifteen elementary school health teachers were conducted from July 2010 to August 2012. Qualitative data collected by the researcher including transcription and field notes were analyzed through an adapted methodology based on the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin. RESULTS: Fifteen categories, 35 sub-categories and 120 concepts were obtained. The key category that was consistently maintained in identity formation was 'keeping themselves being a teacher providing nursing' which has three styles, 'focusing on health education', 'combining nursing and education' and 'focusing on providing nursing care'. CONCLUSION: Results of this study will provide basic information for preparing manuals regarding the range of activities in school health teachers' jobs, improving promotion and merit payment systems for school health teachers, creating support programs for them, and contributing to the formation and establishment of their professional identity.
Nursing ; Professional Role ; Qualitative Research ; School Health Services* ; School Nursing

The detection rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) is increasing due to improvements in diagnostic methods, but synchronous multiple EGC (SMEGC) remains a major problem. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of and the correlation between the main and minor lesions of SMEGC. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with EGC between April 2008 and May 2013. The main lesion was defined as the one with the greatest invasion depth. If lesions had the same invasion depth, the tumor diameter was used to define the main lesion. Of 963 patients who had treatment for EGC, 37 patients with SMEGC were analyzed. The main and minor lesions showed a significant positive correlation of size (r = 0.533, P = 0.001). The main and minor lesions of SMEGC showed the same vertical and horizontal locations at 70.3% and 64.9%, respectively (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002). Macroscopic types were identical in 67.6% (P < 0.001), and 32.4% had identical macroscopic type and location. The main and minor lesions had identical characteristics of invasion depth, presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and differentiation in 78.4%, 83.8%, and 83.8%, respectively. Differentiation, LVI, and invasion depth (microscopic characteristics) were simultaneously the same in 62.2%. The location, macroscopic type, and 3 microscopic characteristics were matched in 27%. The main and minor lesions of SMEGC have similar clinicopathologic characteristics. Therefore, the possibility of SMEGC should not be neglected in cases of EGC, considering an understanding of the characteristics and association of lesions.
Aged ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology