BACKGROUND: The present study was to apply the Health Belief Model (HBM) to identify factors associated with an assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke among college students in Korea when they were exposed to secondhand smoke. METHODS: Data were collected from college students (n=2,061, 66.5% females) at two universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A main outcome measure was the assertive behavior. HBM factors including perceived susceptibility to illness, perceived severity of illness, perceived barrier to the assertive behavior, and cues to action were self-administrated. RESULTS: The mean of the assertive behavior (range 1-5 points) was 2.20 points with 39.1% never being assertive and 4.2% always being assertive. Based on results of a multiple logistic regression analysis, high levels of perceived severity (odds ratio, OR 2.04, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.40-2.97) and perceived barrier (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.41-2.08) were significantly associated with the assertive behavior, while perceived susceptibility and cues to action were not. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived severity and perceived barrier of the HBM model were significant factors associated with the assertive behavior among college students. Modifying these factors may lead to enhancing the assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke when college students were exposed to secondhand smoke.
Assertiveness ; Cues ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Models, Theoretical ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Smoke ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

The Diego blood group system consists of two pairs of antigens, Dia and Dib The incidence of Dia is low among pure Caucasian, Blacks, Polynesian and Eskimo, however, the rnongolians and American indians have both Dia and Dib. We report a case of two days old male who was admitted on first day of life for jaundice and subsquently exchange transfusion was performed on second day of life for bilirubin of 20 mg/dl. The blood groups of patient and his mother were both Rh D positive 0 type. Direct and indirect Coombstest were strong positive in the patient and indirect Coombstest was positive in his mother. We found anti-Dib antibody in his rnother's serum. The phenotype of Diego blood group system of the patient and his mother were Di (a+b+) and Di (a+b- ), respectively and hemolytic anemia in this case was due to anti-Dib antibody.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bilirubin ; Blood Group Antigens ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indians, North American ; Inuits ; Jaundice ; Male ; Mothers ; Phenotype

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between health behaviors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among vulnerable children in a community. METHODS: Using data from 'The Obesity Prevention Framework for Vulnerable Children', a secondary analysis was conducted for 165 children (ages 8~12 years) and their parents who were recruited from 16 K-gu Community Child Centers in Seoul. Six types of health behaviors related to eating and activity were assessed. Each behavior was categorized into the non-recommended vs. recommended levels. The scores of the recommended levels of the six health behaviors were summed up for the composite score of health behaviors. HRQOL was measured by KIDSCREEN-52. RESULTS: The groups with a non-recommended level of fast food intake and sedentary behavior had a significantly lower total score of KIDSCREEN-52 than those with a recommended level. Moreover, the lower composite score of health behaviors was significantly associated with the lower total score of KIDSCREEN-52. CONCLUSION: Among the vulnerable children, the six recommended health behaviors and their composite score were in significant positive associations with the HRQOL levels. Therefore, nursing strategies for enhancing the recommended levels of health behaviors are needed for vulnerable children.
Child* ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Parents ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul ; Vulnerable Populations ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The study was performed to evaluate effects of aroma therapy on the anxiety, blood pressure and pulse of uterine leiomyoma patients before surgery and to apply it as the actual nursing intervention. METHOD: From Aug. 1st to Nov. 30th, 2007, the experimental group (n=30) and the control group (n=30) were selected in 1 hospital, Busan. Lavender and Bergamot oil mixed together at a 3:2 ratio was applied to the experimental group two times at 8-9 pm the day before surgery and twice 30 minutes before the surgery. Anxiety, VAS, blood pressure, and pulse were measured to evaluate the effects of aroma therapy. The data analysis was done using the SPSS/PC 12.0 program using chi-square test and t-test. RESULTS: Hypothesis 1 was supported. The VAS of the experimental group was lower than control group after aroma therapy. Hypothesis 2 was partly supported. The systolic blood pressure and pulse of experimental group was significantly decreased, but diastolic blood pressure wasn't difference. The VAS, systolic blood pressure and pulse of control group were increased. CONCLUSION: The study verified that the aroma therapy is a very effective nursing intervention that can reduce anxiety before surgery. It is recommended to apply aroma therapy actively to patients experiencing anxiety before surgery procedure.
Anxiety ; Aromatherapy ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Leiomyoma ; Plant Oils ; Statistics as Topic

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS management behaviors would be significantly associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with liver transplantation. Methods: Ninety-four patients who underwent liver transplantation were recruited at an outpatient clinic from a university hospital in Seoul. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS management behaviors were measured by using the Evaluation Tool of a Lifestyle Habit for MetS Modification. HRQOL was measured by using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey-36 II and analyzed by categorizing physical and mental quality of life (QOL). Results: The means of physical and mental QOLs were 82.3 and 82.8 scores, respectively. MetS prevalence was 72.3% and a mean of MetS management behaviors was 97.0. MetS prevalence was not significantly associated with either physical or mental QOLs. A total score of the MetS management behaviors was significantly associated with physical (β=0.42, P=0.008) and mental QOLs (β=0.44, P=0.001). Of the MetS management behaviors, diet control and drinking & smoking control were significantly associated with physical QOL (P<0.05 for all). Physical activity, diet control, and drinking & smoking control were significantly associated with mental QOL (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions MetS prevalence may not associate with HRQOL directly but MetS management behaviors may associate with HRQOL among patients with liver transplantation. Therefore, nursing strategies for promoting MetS management behaviors should be enhanced to improve their HRQOL levels in outpatient clinics and community settings.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the sexual behaviors, emotional state, and suicide-related characteristics of female adolescents with sexual experience. METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis study using the data of the 11th (2015) Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. The subjects were 889 female students who had sexual intercourse experience in middle and high schools in the Republic of Korea. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, χ² test, and hierarchical logistic regression were used. RESULTS: Among the subjects, 22.2% reported having experienced homosexual or bisexual relations. The sexual debut time of 31.9% of the subjects was in elementary school or earlier, while 8.1% and 10.7% experienced pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, respectively. They reported negative emotional states (high stress 51.7%, unhappiness 17.8%, depressive mood 9.8%) and substantial suicide experiences (suicidal ideation 33.6%, suicidal plan 16.6%, suicidal attempt 13.2%). Through hierarchical logistic regression (Cox & Snell R²=.31), the influencing factors for suicide ideation identified included being subjected to sexual relations, experience of pregnancy, perceived stress and happiness, and depressive mood. CONCLUSION: It is important to prevent negative mental health consequences among female students with early sexual experience. Sexual education should strengthen their physical and mental safety through psychological care strategies.
Adolescent ; Bisexuality ; Coitus ; Education ; Female ; Happiness ; Health Behavior ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Pregnancy ; Republic of Korea ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Strategically improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) should be discussed among overweight middle-aged women who are vulnerable to low HRQOL. We examined firstly if overweight middle-aged women would have significantly lower levels of HRQOL and health-promoting behaviors than normal-weight middle-aged women, and to examine secondly if health-promoting behaviors would be significantly associated with generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs within the overweight middle-aged women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study. Participants were 119 women aged 30–49 years who were recruited from a community in Seoul, South Korea; 63 women for the overweight group who were recruited from a baseline sample of the Community-Based Heart and Weight Management Trial, while 56 for the normal-weight group who were recruited separetely. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) of a generic HRQOL measure, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) of an obesity-specific HRQOL measure were used. RESULTS: Compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed significantly lower scores of total WHOQOL-BREF as well as some HPLP II subscales including stress management (P=0.029). Among the HPLP II subscales, stress management was significantly and positively associated with total WHOQOL-BREF (β=1.58, P=0.003) and self-esteem IWQOL-Lite (β=11.58, P=0.034) among the overweight group. CONCLUSIONS: Among middle-aged overweight women, low levels of health-promoting behavior for stress management were shown, which should be strategically increased for improving their generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs.
Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Quality of Life ; Seoul ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell

BACKGROUND: Strategically improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) should be discussed among overweight middle-aged women who are vulnerable to low HRQOL. We examined firstly if overweight middle-aged women would have significantly lower levels of HRQOL and health-promoting behaviors than normal-weight middle-aged women, and to examine secondly if health-promoting behaviors would be significantly associated with generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs within the overweight middle-aged women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study. Participants were 119 women aged 30–49 years who were recruited from a community in Seoul, South Korea; 63 women for the overweight group who were recruited from a baseline sample of the Community-Based Heart and Weight Management Trial, while 56 for the normal-weight group who were recruited separetely. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) of a generic HRQOL measure, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) of an obesity-specific HRQOL measure were used. RESULTS: Compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed significantly lower scores of total WHOQOL-BREF as well as some HPLP II subscales including stress management (P=0.029). Among the HPLP II subscales, stress management was significantly and positively associated with total WHOQOL-BREF (β=1.58, P=0.003) and self-esteem IWQOL-Lite (β=11.58, P=0.034) among the overweight group. CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged overweight women, low levels of health-promoting behavior for stress management were shown, which should be strategically increased for improving their generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of school nutrition education and changes in perception of nutrition teacher's job in order to determine the need for redesign to achieve their ideal job. The questionnaire was distributed to 1,550 nutrition teachers, and a total of 1,487 usable data were collected with a 96% response rate from August to December 2015. Statistical data analysis was completed by using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive analysis. The results were as follows: 45.5% of nutrition teachers periodically implemented nutrition education classes, and 32.7% of responses used creative activity times for nutrition and dietary life education. Various topics were taught such as strategies to improve dietary habits, choice of healthy foods and nutrition labeling, nutrition information, food safety, and environmental problems, etc. Current performance ratios of nutrition teacher's duties and tasks were as follows: nutrition operation 31.3%, foodservice hygiene and safety 28.0%, nutrition management 22.7%, nutrition and dietary life education and counselling 11.6%, and professional development 6.4%. Opinions about ideal job performance of nutrition teachers were investigated to determine needs for job redesign. Two in nutrition management duty tasks and four foodservice management duties duty tasks were reduced. On the other hand, another two nutrition management duty tasks and three nutrition and dietary life education and counselling tasks were increased compared to current job performance.
Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Education ; Food Habits ; Food Labeling ; Food Safety ; Hand ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Work Performance