Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial spine. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions for axSpA are crucial and constitute the cornerstone of treatment. Here, we review the evidence for non-pharmacological treatment of axSpA as a basis for the 2023 Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axSpA. The effectiveness of the core non-pharmacological approaches, such as education, smoking cessation, and exercise, has been reaffirmed. High-quality research on surgical treatment is limited. However, total hip replacement is advised in patients with ongoing pain or disability and visible structural damage to the hip on imaging. Urgent spinal intervention should be considered in cases of acute spinal pain with neurological deficiency or concurrent unstable fractures. Evidence for complementary therapies, including spas and acupuncture, remains insufficient.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial spine. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions for axSpA are crucial and constitute the cornerstone of treatment. Here, we review the evidence for non-pharmacological treatment of axSpA as a basis for the 2023 Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axSpA. The effectiveness of the core non-pharmacological approaches, such as education, smoking cessation, and exercise, has been reaffirmed. High-quality research on surgical treatment is limited. However, total hip replacement is advised in patients with ongoing pain or disability and visible structural damage to the hip on imaging. Urgent spinal intervention should be considered in cases of acute spinal pain with neurological deficiency or concurrent unstable fractures. Evidence for complementary therapies, including spas and acupuncture, remains insufficient.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial spine. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions for axSpA are crucial and constitute the cornerstone of treatment. Here, we review the evidence for non-pharmacological treatment of axSpA as a basis for the 2023 Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axSpA. The effectiveness of the core non-pharmacological approaches, such as education, smoking cessation, and exercise, has been reaffirmed. High-quality research on surgical treatment is limited. However, total hip replacement is advised in patients with ongoing pain or disability and visible structural damage to the hip on imaging. Urgent spinal intervention should be considered in cases of acute spinal pain with neurological deficiency or concurrent unstable fractures. Evidence for complementary therapies, including spas and acupuncture, remains insufficient.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial spine. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions for axSpA are crucial and constitute the cornerstone of treatment. Here, we review the evidence for non-pharmacological treatment of axSpA as a basis for the 2023 Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axSpA. The effectiveness of the core non-pharmacological approaches, such as education, smoking cessation, and exercise, has been reaffirmed. High-quality research on surgical treatment is limited. However, total hip replacement is advised in patients with ongoing pain or disability and visible structural damage to the hip on imaging. Urgent spinal intervention should be considered in cases of acute spinal pain with neurological deficiency or concurrent unstable fractures. Evidence for complementary therapies, including spas and acupuncture, remains insufficient.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacroiliac joints and axial spine. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions for axSpA are crucial and constitute the cornerstone of treatment. Here, we review the evidence for non-pharmacological treatment of axSpA as a basis for the 2023 Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axSpA. The effectiveness of the core non-pharmacological approaches, such as education, smoking cessation, and exercise, has been reaffirmed. High-quality research on surgical treatment is limited. However, total hip replacement is advised in patients with ongoing pain or disability and visible structural damage to the hip on imaging. Urgent spinal intervention should be considered in cases of acute spinal pain with neurological deficiency or concurrent unstable fractures. Evidence for complementary therapies, including spas and acupuncture, remains insufficient.

Objective To investigate the current status of symptom burden and psychological distress among lung cancer patients in the diagnostic phase, and to explore the chain mediating role of social support and resilience between symptom burden and psychological distress. Methods The patients with lung cancer in the diagnostic phase who were treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2022 to June 2023 were investigated by a general information questionnaire using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Distress Thermometer. The chain mediating role of social support and resilience between symptom burden and psychological distress was analyzed. Results A total of 413 lung cancer patients were enrolled, including 173 males and 240 females, aged (54.69±10.82) years. The detection rate of psychological distress among lung cancer patients in the diagnostic phase was 48.18%, and the average score was (3.84±2.50) points. Psychological distress was positively correlated with symptom burden (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with social support and resilience (P<0.01). The mediating effect of resilience between symptom burden and psychological distress was significant. The chain mediating effect of social support and resilience between symptom burden and psychological distress was also significant. Conclusion Lung cancer patients in the diagnostic phase have a high detection rate of psychological distress. Symptom burden can directly impact psychological distress, and can affect psychological distress through the indirect path of resilience as well as the chain mediating path between social support and resilience among lung cancer patients in the diagnostic phase.

Purpose: In total mastectomy (TM), sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is recommended but can be omitted for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, concerns regarding SLNB-related complications and their impact on quality of life exist. Consequently, further research is required to evaluate the role of axillary surgeries, including SLNB, in the treatment of TM. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological factors and outcomes associated with axillary surgery in patients with a final diagnosis of pure DCIS who underwent BCS or TM. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed large-scale data from the Korean Breast Cancer Society registration database, highlighting on patients diagnosed with pure DCIS who underwent surgery and were categorized into two groups: BCS and TM. Patients were further categorized into surgery and non-surgery groups according to their axillary surgery status. The analysis compared clinicopathological factors and outcomes according to axillary surgery status between the BCS and TM groups. Results: Among 18,196 patients who underwent surgery for DCIS between 1981 and 2022, 11,872 underwent BCS and 6,324 underwent TM. Both groups leaned towards axillary surgery more frequently for large tumors. In the BCS group, clinical lymph node status was associated with axillary surgery (odds ratio, 11.101; p = 0.003). However, in the TM group, no significant differences in these factors were observed. Survival rates did not vary between groups according to axillary surgery performance. Conclusion The decision to perform axillary surgery in patients with a final diagnosis of pure DCIS does not affect the prognosis, regardless of the breast surgical method.Furthermore, regardless of the breast surgical method, axillary surgery, including SLNB, should be considered for high-risk patients, such as those with large tumors. This may reduce unnecessary axillary surgery and enhance the patients’ quality of life.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate effects of a school-based health education for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among high school girls. Methods: Non-randomized cluster trial was conducted by recruiting two female high schools located in Seoul and allocating one school as a cluster to an experimental group and the other school as the other cluster to a control group. Participants were 169 first-year female high school students in two clusters. Of the participants, 84 were recruited in the experimental group and 85 in the control group. An intervention was an eight-week "School-based Health Education for CVD prevention". The experimental group received the intervention, while the control group received a CVD prevention handout. Measures were knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behaviors for CVD prevention. The pre-test and post-test were conducted. Results: The experimental group participating in "School-Based Health Education for CVD Prevention" had significantly higher changes in knowledge, self-efficacy scores to prevent CVD, and health behaviors than the control group over eight weeks. Conclusions The "School-based Health Education for CVD Prevention" program may improve high school students' knowledge and self-efficacy as determinants of health behaviors as well as health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate effects of a school-based health education for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among high school girls. Methods: Non-randomized cluster trial was conducted by recruiting two female high schools located in Seoul and allocating one school as a cluster to an experimental group and the other school as the other cluster to a control group. Participants were 169 first-year female high school students in two clusters. Of the participants, 84 were recruited in the experimental group and 85 in the control group. An intervention was an eight-week "School-based Health Education for CVD prevention". The experimental group received the intervention, while the control group received a CVD prevention handout. Measures were knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behaviors for CVD prevention. The pre-test and post-test were conducted. Results: The experimental group participating in "School-Based Health Education for CVD Prevention" had significantly higher changes in knowledge, self-efficacy scores to prevent CVD, and health behaviors than the control group over eight weeks. Conclusions The "School-based Health Education for CVD Prevention" program may improve high school students' knowledge and self-efficacy as determinants of health behaviors as well as health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate effects of a school-based health education for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among high school girls. Methods: Non-randomized cluster trial was conducted by recruiting two female high schools located in Seoul and allocating one school as a cluster to an experimental group and the other school as the other cluster to a control group. Participants were 169 first-year female high school students in two clusters. Of the participants, 84 were recruited in the experimental group and 85 in the control group. An intervention was an eight-week "School-based Health Education for CVD prevention". The experimental group received the intervention, while the control group received a CVD prevention handout. Measures were knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behaviors for CVD prevention. The pre-test and post-test were conducted. Results: The experimental group participating in "School-Based Health Education for CVD Prevention" had significantly higher changes in knowledge, self-efficacy scores to prevent CVD, and health behaviors than the control group over eight weeks. Conclusions The "School-based Health Education for CVD Prevention" program may improve high school students' knowledge and self-efficacy as determinants of health behaviors as well as health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease.